SOLUTIONS FOR CLEANER

PRODUCTION
Capabilities in the Norwegian oil and gas industry for reducing
energy consumption and minimizing discharges and emissions.

January 2015
 Solutions for Cleaner Production Solutions for Cleaner Production

Contents Foreword
Norway had great focus on responsible been possible without the continuous efforts of
management of the countrys natural resources. the Norwegian industry to develop and implement
1. INTRODUCTION ...............4 Parliament agreed on ten policy guidelines for increasingly advanced technologies.
2. REDUCTIONS ACHIEVED ON DISCHARGES AND EMISSIONS ON THE NCS  5 the oil and gas sector in 1971. Protection of the The industry has now full focus on finding new
environment was one of the rules. Another rule ways and new technologies that can reduce future
2.1 Discharges to Sea on the Norwegian Continental Shelf  5 made it clear that flaring of natural gas was emissions from the hydrocarbons.
2.2 Emissions to Air  5 unacceptable.
The latest recommendations from the United
2.3 Waste Management and Handling  6 The policy has been to introduce strict safety and Nations Intergovernmental panel on climate
3. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES (BAT)  7 environmental regulations. The ambitions have change have documented the urgency in reducing
been to reduce discharges to sea and emissions emissions. The world has to move to low carbon
3.1 Advanced and Environmentally Friendly Drilling  7 to air. and renewable energy, as well as capturing and
3.2 Zero Discharge Concept on FPSOs  8 storing carbon emissions.
The government has adjusted policies with time
3.3 Oil Spill Preparedness and Clean-up  9 and with lessons learned. A CO2 tax was introduced The technology center at Mongstad on the
3.4 Light Well Intervention (LWI)  10 in 1992. The industry found ways of taking care Norwegian west coast is the worlds largest facility
of the CO2 by reinjecting it to the reservoirs. First for testing and improving CO2 capture.
3.5 Environmentally Friendly Ships  11 at the Sleipner field in the North Sea, later in the One of the most important and challenging
3.6 Subsea to Beach  12 Snhvit field in the Barents Sea. mitigation tools to reduce CO2 emissions will
be a wide scale deployment of CO2Capture and
3.7 Carbon Separation and Storage  13 The oil companies, oil service companies and the Storage (CCS) technology that can play a large role
4. FIELD DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS, CONCEPT SELECTION 14 research and development centers have developed in global greenhouse gas emission reductions.
new ideas, tested them and then introduced them CCS will be part of the toolbox of solutions for the
5. CAPABILITIES AND TECHNOLOGIES 16 to operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. world.
5.1 Solutions for Reduced energy consumption  16 The industry has been looking for best available
technology and has been willing to use the The world will also need more oil and gas in the
5.2 Solutions for minimization of Discharges to Sea Including Waste management  17 technology. years to come.
5.3 Solutions for minimization of Emissions to Air  18 Carbon separation and storage
Environmentally friendly ships The Norwegian oil and gas industry has shown its
5.4 Logistic and Transportation Solutions  19 ability to come forward with advanced solutions
Zero discharge concepts
5.5 Oil Spill Preparedness and Clean-Up Solutions  20 Oil spill preparedness and clean up solutions that has reduced emissions and discharges from
operations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
5.6 Decommissioning and Restoration Solutions  21 Many of the Norwegian solutions have found a
Norway is the worlds third largest exporter of
5.7 Environmental models and Measurement Solutions  22 primary energy with one of the worlds lowest global market.
emissions.
6. FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS, REGULATIONS AND SELECTED REFERENCES .......... 23 INTSOKs focus on Solutions for Cleaner Production
The Norwegian petroleum industry has a strong is a valuable contribution to the industrys work
track record in meeting high environmental to meet the worlds future energy needs in a
standards. These accomplishments would not have sustainable manner.

Photo covers from top left: istock.com, John Ringstad / Havforskningsinstituttet,

Ulstein Group/Marius Beck Dahle, Wrtsil Oil & Gas Solutions AS

Sjur E. Bratland
Managing Director
INTSOK

2 3
 1. Introduction
Introduction
The purpose of this catalogue is to highlight INTSOK
partner companies that deliver solutions, technologies
and services that contribute to cleaner production and
thereby reduce the impact of oil and gas production
on the environment.
The Norwegian Government in partnership with
environmental organizations and the Norwegian oil
industry launched a joint initiative in the mid-1990s
to develop new environmental targets and standards
and technology development initiatives for the oil and
gas industry operating on the Norwegian Continental
Shelf. The ambition was to create a zero harmful
emission industry. New regulations issued by the
authorities and technology development initiatives by
Norwegian oil companies like Statoil have incentivized
and enabled development of new technologies. The
improved practices have led to substantial reductions
in harmful emissions to air and discharges to sea.
Norwegian R&D institutions, suppliers and service
companies have played a significant role in delivering
the systems and equipment required to meet the new
standards. Today, the production on the Norwegian
Continental Shelf (NCS) is at the forefront in using
technological solutions that minimize the impact on
the environment.
4 5
The oil industry has also worked closely with the
fishing industry to enable both industries to harvest
the rich resources.
Norway is one of the worlds biggest
exporters of farmed salmon while
at the same time it is the worlds
third biggest exporter of oil and
natural gas.
A large number of governmental and institutional
publications describe the changes in Norwegian
environmental policies and potential environmental
impacts of oil and gas production. A list of selected
references since the introduction of the Norwegian
Petroleum Law in 1971 is presented in Chapter 6.
This catalogue will hopefully improve technology
awareness as well as add knowledge of technology
achievements by mapping the capabilities of
companies and R&D institutions with environmental
technologies and solutions introduced on the NCS and
in international markets.
Statoil Subsea factory Source: Statoil
2. Reductions achieved on Discharges and Emissions on the NCS
Reductions achieved on Discharges
and Emissions on the NCS
This chapter highlights some key figures on discharges and
emissions on the NCS compared to world averages and selected
petroleum producing regions.
2.1 Discharges to Sea on the
Norwegian Continental Shelf
Current global water production associated with oil
and gas production is approximately 250 million
bbl /day. Current global oil production is above 80
million bbl /day. The average water cut globally is 75%
(increased from 70% ten years ago).
Produced water represents the largest discharges to
sea on the NCS. In 2013, some 131 million Sm3 were
discharged, down from 160 million Sm3 as the peak
in 2007. Total discharge of oil in produced water was
1,535 tons in 2013.
Red chemicals discharges reduction progress since 2001
The current maximum permitted concentration Source: Norwegian Oil and Gas Association (2012)
of oil in disposed produced water is 30 mg/l. The
average concentration in 2013 was 11,7 mg/l, well
below government regulations set by the Norwegian 2.2 Emissions to Air
Environment Agency.
The main sources of emissions to air are:
The oil industry has invested considerable efforts
Diesel and fuel gas exhaust and VOC emissions
in replacing harmful chemical substances with
related to drilling, production and logistic
environmentally friendly solutions. The most harmful
operations
chemicals include: Drilling fluids, corrosion inhibitors,
Diesel and fuel gas exhaust from gas turbines,
emulsion breakers, biocides, lubricants, surfactants
engines and boilers
and H2S removers. Currently, more than 99% of the
Gas flaring
chemicals in the so-called red and black categories
Burning of oil and gas during testing and
have been phased out.
maintenance
 2. Reductions achieved on Discharges and Emissions on the NCS
The emissions to air on NCS compared with
international averages:
100 kg CO2 per SCM oil equivalent produced, and kg other gases per
SCM oil equivalent produced in 2011
Source: International Association of Oil Producers (OGP) and Exploration &
Production Information Management Association. EnvironmentWeb and Norwegian
Oil and Gas Association (2011)
A special focus has been on the agenda since the
implementation of the CO2 tax in 1991. Currently,
Norway has the worlds lowest CO2 equivalent
emission per barrel o.e. produced offshore (8,8 kg
per barrel).
Kg CO2 equivalents per boe produced.
Source OGP. EnvironmentWeb and Norwegian Oil and Gas Association (2011).
6 7
Photo: Shutterstock.com
Recent Norwegian examples that significantly reduce
emissions are the use of hydroelectric power from
shore to operate the Troll, Ormen Lange, Valhall and
Gja fields.
The Martin Linge field in the North Sea will be powered
from shore, and the Goliat field in the Barents Sea will
be partly powered from shore.
A test facility for CO2 extraction from exhaust gas
has been constructed at the Mongstad Refinery. Two
fields containing CO2 in the reservoir fluid, Sleipner
and Snhvit, have implemented solutions for CO2
sequestration and reinjection with a subsurface
storage reservoir.
The recent pilot project of subsea gas compression at
the Asgard field suggests a reduction of CO2 emissions
by 50% compared to a platform solution.
2.3 Waste Management and
Handling
Waste management has become a focus area in
order to maximize recycling, reduce net waste and to
achieve more sustainable operations.
Cuttings from drilling with oil based on synthetic
based drilling fluids are either taken to shore for
treatment or injected into the subsurface. In recent
years, problems with downhole waste injection have
been identified and now contaminated mud and
cuttings are brought to shore.
Waste management with source separation has been
implemented offshore and in the logistic chain, and
incentives and requirements have been introduced
by the operators in order to minimize net waste. In
addition to the operators and main contractors, key
players are logistic service providers in collaboration
with waste handling companies.
3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples
DS Atlantic. Photo Odfjell Drilling
Best Available Technologies (BAT)
Some project examples
3.1 Advanced and Environmentally Friendly Drilling
The latest generation of drilling rigs engineered efficiency, in a safer manner and following the
and constructed by the Norwegian rig owner Odfjell highest environmental standards. Reducing rig costs
Drilling contains a large number of new technologies is important in order to realize the values in existing
that allow the rigs to operate with a zero emission discoveries. New discoveries are often made close to
target. existing fields. Fast development of such discoveries
Odfjell Drilling has invested in the renewal of its
is necessary to utilize the existing infrastructure and
thereby reducing the energy consumption to produce
company fleet, covering state-of-the-art ultra
deepwater drilling units capable of worldwide
the fields. The first rigs are planned to be in operation
from 2015.
operations in all environmental conditions. Rigs with
the most recent environmental technologies include
DS Atlantic and DS Stavanger.
In order to maximize the value on the NCS, Statoil, Clean rig concept
on behalf of the license holders, has awarded Songa
Enclosed derrick which prevents mud spill
Offshore a contract for building two Category D rigs at
to sea
the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME).
All drain lines routed to central cleaning
The innovative rig concept has been developed by
unit by use of several tanks and pumps
Norwegian industry for Statoil. One rig will be used
Discharge from mud pits by pumping, no
on the Norne, Heidrun and sgrd licences, the other
gravity discharge
will be part of Statoils strategic rig fleet and set up for
Waste management system implemented
operations in the Barents Sea.
Low NOx emissions, clean design engines
Closed loop BOP control system
The category D rig will operate in water depths
Electrical draw works with power
of 100 500 meters and drill wells to a depth of
regeneration
8500 meters. Drilling and completion of production
wells will be carried out at lower costs, with higher
 3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples 3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples
3.3 Oil Spill Preparedness and Clean-up
A comprehensive set of policy
instruments and technologies
have been developed on the NCS
to safeguard the environment in
all phases of the activities.
The seven day long blowout on
the Ekofisk field in the North Sea
in 1977 was a reminder of what
is at stake. The well was capped
after seven days. The Norwegian
Petroleum Directorate estimated
a total spill of some 80,000
120,000 barrels of oil, but with
no significant environmental
damage and no shoreline
pollution.
Goliat FPSO under construction. Photo: ENI
The spill had a significant impact
on the political environment and
the industry. The government
postponed the opening of oil
3.2 Zero Discharge Concept on FPSOs exploration north of the 62nd
degree whilst evaluating its oil
spill preparedness. The industry
response was to focus on
The Goliat FPSO with ENI as operator is constructed
development of new and more
with the Best Available Technology complying with no
advanced equipment to handle
harmful discharges and emissions. The FPSO is under
construction at Hyundai Heavy Industries in Korea and
Environmental FPSO future potential spills.
is planned to be in operation by 2015. technology solutions In Norway, the responsibility
is shared between the private
A Zero Harmful Discharge Concept has also been Zero harmful discharge to sea:
sector, municipalities and
applied on the Skarv Field off the coast of Nordland the state. The Ministry of
1. Produced water injection
in the middle of Norway. BP is the operator and the Environment sets the
2. Drainage handling
Aker Solutions was the main contractor. The field is requirements and the Norwegian
3. Use of Green Chemicals
operated by a FPSO unit with subsea equipment Environment Agency approves
4. Waste handling system
tie-backs. The production capacity is designed for emergency preparedness plans
5. Sewage treatment
80,000 bbl per day and with an expected lifetime and ensures their compliance
of 25 years. Gas reinjection is used to increase oil with the requirements.
Low emissions to air:
recovery. The oil is buoy-loaded to tankers, while gas
is sent to the sgard Transport system through an 80 1. Closed flare
Oil companies are responsible
km pipeline. 2. Low NOx turbines
for handling acute incidents
3. VOC recovery systems
resulting from their own
In evaluating and selecting technical solutions BP has 4. Energy efficient solutions
activities and work closely
adopted the Best Available Technology philosophy and together in the Norwegian Clean
the ALARP (As Low as Reasonably Practicable concept). Seas Association for Operating
Companies (NOFO). They have
8 9
regional plans which take into
consideration reinforcement
of ocean-going preparedness,
coastal preparedness and beach
zone preparedness.
NOFO manages and maintains
preparedness which includes
personnel, equipment and
vessels and has bases along
the coast where equipment is
permanently located. NOFO has
at its disposal: Oil spill preparedness training. Photo: NOFO
11 oil recovery vessels on
permanent standby, 20 oil
recovery vessels deployable
and 25 tugboats for towing
25 sea-going mechanical
Goliat Project
recovery systems The Goliat field, operated
Large stocks of dispersion by ENI, in the hostile Arctic
agents that can also be waters in the Barents Sea will
dispersed from planes be developed with high focus
on emergency preparedness.
Five oil spill response bases
The oil field is close to shore
along the coast
in an area of high importance
Remote measurements from
to the field industry.
satellites, planes, helicopters,
vessels and installations The oil spill preparedness
NOFO, together with
infrastructure will be
operational all year long and
The Norwegian Coastal
will consist of:
Administration recently launched
Oil Spill Response 2015, a A new-built standby vessel
programme where companies Advanced sea-going
are encouraged to present recovery systems with
commercially available products access to dispersion
to meet the future operational resources
needs of NOFO and the industry Remote measurement
in general. technologies
Coastal and shoreline
All together, the policy
preparedness with fishing
instruments, the clean-up
vessel on permanent
technologies and the
standby
organization of the preparedness
constitute the BAT on oil spill
preparedness and clean-ups.
 3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples
3.4 Light Well Intervention (LWI)
Worldwide there are close to
5000 subsea wells. The number
is growing with wells being
completed in water depths down
to 3000 meters. The age of these
wells is also growing, resulting
in increased demand for both
riser and riserless light well
interventions to maintain the wells
and increase oil recovery.
Traditionally, this type of work
has been done by movable
semisubmersible drilling units
(MDU). LWI technology makes
it possible to perform well
intervention services from a
monohull DP-3 vessel with reduced
energy consumption and CO2
10
Island Performer. Photo: Ulstein Group/Marius Beck Dahle
emissions when compared to the intervention work and resulting in
same operations being performed better exploitation of fields and
from a MDU. These operations can reservoirs completed with subsea
be performed while maintaining wells.
well control and access to the
well bore via a subsea lubricator Island Offshore, in partnership with
system. FMC Technologies, has become
one of the worlds largest and most
Experience with various operators experienced providers of down-
utilizing the fleet has influenced hole services through riserless LWI.
the design of successive vessels Since the start in 2006 the alliance
and improved the safety and has completed approx. 250 well
increased the efficiency of the interventions with great success
vessels and the crews. with their fleet of 3 Island Offshore
Units. The Units are operating year
The technology reduces the round on both the Norwegian and
intervention cost down to one the British Continental Shelf and
third when compared to traditional also during harsh environmental
MDU operations enabling more loads.
3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples
3.5 Environmentally Friendly Ships
The Norwegian shipping industrys
aim is to be at the forefront of
the development of a safe, eco-
friendly and socially responsible
global maritime industry. Its
ambitious environmental vision
is that Norwegian shipping and
the offshore contracting industry
shall not release environmentally
harmful emissions into the sea or
the air.
The challenge is significant since
commercial ships emit almost
half as much particle pollutants
into the air as the total amount
released by the worlds car fleet
according to the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Agency and
the University of Colorado. Since
more than 70% of shipping traffic
takes place within 250 miles of the
coastline, emissions may represent
a health concern for coastal
communities. The industrys
response to reduce harmful
emissions of CO2, NOX and SOX is
represented by two examples.
VARD Group was contracted by
Solstad Rederi AS to build Normand
Normand Arctic Photo: Solstad Offshore / Harald M. Valderhaug
Artic, an innovative LNG-powered
Platform Supply Vessel (PSV 12 LNG
design). The vessel was delivered
from VARD Langsten in Norway in
2012.
This confirms VARDs strong
position in design and building of
environmentally friendly vessels.
The shipbuilding group has a
strong focus on environmental
concerns throughout a vessels
value chain - from design and
construction through the ships
operating life. LNG is a technology
in which VARD already has a strong
track record. The vessel is designed
with focus on low fuel consumption
and precautions in accordance with
DNVs Clean Design requirements
are incorporated in the design.
The vessel will be able to run on
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Biofuel
and ordinary marine diesel oil.
VARDs gas tank solution is unique,
the LNG tank does not reduce the
cargo capacity on board; rather
the new design has a higher cargo
capacity than other vessels of the
same size. The vessel is further
arranged for rescue operations,
recovery of personnel and oil
recovery operations.
The other example is Seven Viking
Ship of the Year in 2013, a
result of collective efforts by the
owners Eidesvik and Subsea 7
delivered from Ulstein. The vessel
is designed for operations in the
harshest environments working for
Statoil in the North Sea on a five
year contract. The vessel is tailor-
made for Inspection, Maintenance
and Repair (IMR) of subsea
installations.
Safety, efficiency and
environmental considerations have
been the prime focus in developing
the vessel. She carries the Clean
Design notation, meets the highest
working environment standards
including minimal noise levels in
the hangar. Notable environmental
initiatives include diesel-electric
propulsion, which reduces
atmospheric emissions, and the
electrical winches, which nullify the
risk of emissions of hydraulic oil.
11
 3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples 3. Best available technologies (BAT) Some project examples

Ormen Lange. Photo: Shell Melkya LNG Plant. Photo: Statoil

3.6 Subsea to Beach 3.7 Carbon Separation and

The Ormen Lange subsea to beach project has ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY Storage ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
minimized the offshore impact by constructing
the process plant and export facilities onshore. SOLUTIONS ON ORMEN LANGE: The Snhvit development, operated by Statoil, SOLUTIONS AT SNHVIT:
Norsk Hydro, with partners, was the development produces condensate from the three reservoirs
Extensive baseline studies
operator and the development was one of the Snhvit, Askeladd and Albatross through a subsea CO2 separation and reinjection
Coral mapping to avoid impacts
most challenging on the NCS. manifold system, pipelines to shore and an Remote control subsea production facilities
Potential subsea compression onshore processing plant.
MEG reclamation Onshore processing plant
The subsea installation is supplied with electrical
power from the national grid. Future subsea Flow assurance solutions The reservoir fluid contains 5-8% CO2 which at the
boosting and processing may give reduced energy Hydropower from shore onshore plant is separated from the natural gas
consumption and enable higher production and piped back for reservoir injection. The seabed
efficiency and recovery rates. Today, Shell is the facilities are designed to be over-trawlable and
operator. minimize the offshore impact.

12 13
 4. Concept Selection, Field Development Solutions 4. Concept Selection, Field Development Solutions
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
TOPSIDES AND PLATFORM
DESIGN AND ONSHORE SOLUTONS
ABB
Solutions for integrated
operations, electrical variable
speed drives to optimize power
consumption, automation and
control systems
Concept selection,
add energy
Energy efficiency studies
Aibel
Field Development Solutions
Environmental engineering
solutions
Aker Solutions
Zero discharge to sea platforms
(Skarv FPSO), all-electric semi
submersible (Gja field),subsea
to beach combined cycle power
generation, MEG recovery
systems, oil and gas separation
modules, power from shore
engineering solutions
Alfsen og Gunderson
Potable water treatment solutions
with energy efficient UV-sterilizers
and filters
BW Offshore
Disconnectable turret mooring
system for FPSO solutions
DNV GL
Energy efficiency optimization
studies
ENWA
Potable water production and
closed loop chemical free water
treatment
Hegh LNG
Floating LNG to increase low
carbon gas in the energy mix
Tordis separator. Illustration: FMC Technologies IK Group
Pipe intervention solutions and
hot bolting
Inocean
The most important factor for reducing the discharge Engineering of low emissions
FPSO solutions
and emission pattern is in the selection of field
development concept. Improvement in platform and CLEANER PRODUCTION IN STATOIL Kongsberg Maritime
Green dynamic positioning
topside solutions, subsea technologies, advanced IS ALWAYS AN INTEGRAL PART OF
systems to save fuel
well technologies and the efficiency of the operational
CONCEPT SELECTION AND SHALL BE Kongsberg Oil and Gas
services have all contributed to less impact on the
environment. DOCUMENTED BY: Technologies
Energy optimization, systems
Energy demand and efficiency for integrated operations and
Recent examples of step change technologies are:
dynamic process simulation
Subsea-to-shore production (flow assurance), subsea Air emissions
Kvrner Ship-to-ship oil transit and Barents
multiphase boosting, subsea compression, subsea Discharge to sea
Energy efficient and cleaner
separation, long reach directional drilling, advanced
project execution
Chemicals usage and discharge
water treatment, CO2 capture, transportation and LMG Marine leakage from injection wells
storage, power from shore and all electric control Waste handling Energy efficient naval architecture
systems. and marine engineering
LR Consulting (cutting transport system-subsea),
Optimizing concepts from a
safety/environmental point of
view
14
Marintek
Environmental load modelling
and conversion of diesel engines
to gas fuel
Moss Maritime
Environmental friendly Arctic
LNG carriers, drilling platforms,
supply and support vessels and
FPSO solutions
Sevan Marine/ Kanfa
FPSO solutions based on
cylindrical shaped hull and
process design and engineering
Siemens
Low emissions gas turbines,
all-electric floating LNG,
offshore floating power station,
automation and control systems
Technip
Environmental engineering
solutions
Wrtsil
FPSO hydrocarbon gas blanketing
systems for eliminating
emissions to air, flare gas
recovery design and VOC
recovery systems
Wood Group Mustang Norway
Environmental engineering
solutions
SUBSEA SOLUTIONS
ABB
Subsea controls, subsea power
distribution systems
Aker Solutions
Field architecture including flow
assurance, umbilicals, booster
pumps, subsea production
systems, subsea compression,
subsea power cables, direct
electrical heating to prevent
formation of hydrates
EMAS AMC add energy
Subsea construction and
inspection, maintenance and
repair (IMR)
FMC Technologies Alfsen og Gunderson
Subsea wells, subsea processing
and riserless light well
intervention
GE Oil & Gas
Subsea wells, subsea boosting
and subsea processing
IFE Drilling risk management
Flow assurance for long distance
tieback, MEG simulation
IK Group Ulstein
Subsea maintenance, modification
and competency based emergency
repair
IKM VARD
Electric ROV systems
Kongsberg Oil &Gas
Technologies
Flow assurance modelling
LR Consulting Latest generation drilling rigs
Reliability studies and safety of
marine operations
Nexans
Electrification of platforms by
subsea power cables, power
umbilicals for subsea, direct
electrical heating to prevent
formation of hydrates (no
chemicals)
OneSubsea
Subsea pumps, multiphase wet
gas compressors and multiphase
metering
PG Pump Solution
Twin screw multiphase pumps and
subsea liquid pumps
Reinertsen
IK Group
Subsea engineering and solutions
Seabox
Treatment of raw seawater at sea
bottom for injection (less topside
weight and improved recovery)
Siemens
Subsea compression systems,
power grid, subsea controls,
monitoring and communication
solutions
Sintef
Multiphase flow simulation for long
distance tieback
Subsea7
Subsea construction and inspection,
maintenance and repair (IMR)
Technip
Subsea construction and inspection,
maintenance and repair (IMR)
DRILLING SOLUTIONS
Blow out contingency planning
and well control temperature-high
pressure (HTHP) wells
Cooling and brake systems for
drilling applications
Enhanced Drilling
Project management of long
distance high
Exprosoft
Geomec
Prevention of seabed/ surface
IKM
Drilling waste management, CTS
MRR (mud recovery without riser)
and well intervention services
IRIS
Full scale test rig for new technoligies
Odfjell Drilling
designed with emphasize on zero
discharge and emission
Sekal
Safeguard drilling operations
Sintef
Advanced drilling modelling, e-drill
PIPELINE SOLUTIONS
Bredero Shaw
Pipeline insulation for deepwater
DNV GL
Pipeline engineering and
environmental risk evaluation
EMAS AMC
Pipelaying engineering and
contracting
Pipeline isolation and pigging
IKM
Pipeline engineering, commissioning
and operations
Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies
Pipeline modifications and tieback
Reinertsen
Pipeline engineering
Subsea7
Pipelaying engineering and
contracting
SHIPS AND FLOATING SOLUTIONS
BW Offshore
Cost efficient offshore solutions
with the highest environmental
standards
ENWA
Potable water production and
closed loop chemical free water
treatment
Hegh LNG
LNG transportation,
environmentally friendly
regasification and CNG solutions
Rolls-Royce
Gas driven engines substituting
diesel and other low emission
engines
Sevan Marine
FPSO Cost efficient solutions
Tschudi Shipping
Sea logistical services
Environmental friendly and energy
efficient design and construction
of vessels
Environmental friendly and energy
efficient design and construction
of vessels
15
 5. Capabilities and Technologies 5. Capabilities and Technologies

Capabilities and Technologies 5.2 Solutions for minimization of

5.1 Solutions for Reduced energy
consumption
Energy efficiency offers is important for achieving a
sustainable energy future. Improvements in energy
efficiency can reduce the need for investment
in energy infrastructure, cut fuel costs, increase
competitiveness and improve consumer welfare.
Environmental benefits also include reduction of
greenhouse gases emissions and local air pollution.
The oil and gas companies and their suppliers have
a common goal of improving the sustainability of its
operations. The Norwegian petroleum cluster has
documented strong engagement in developing new
and innovative technologies and products that can
reduce energy consumption.
Discharges to Sea
Including Waste management
The most important sources of operational
discharges to sea from the oil and gas activities
are drilling and well operations, chemicals
used during production and produced water
(fossil water which follows the oil up from the
reservoir). In addition, there are acute discharges
of oil and chemicals.
The Operators have worked hard to replace
chemicals with detrimental environmental
properties. This work has paid off 99 per cent
of the chemicals in the red and black categories
have been phased out on the NCS.
Schematic drawing of Epcon CFU. Illustration: M-I Epcon
Bergen B35:40V20AG gas motor. Photo: Rolls-Royce

INTSOK Partner Deliverables

Emerson Roxar M-I Swaco Epcon Technology SAR group

INTSOK Partner Deliverables Real time oil in water monitor Treatment of produced water Waste management systems

Enhanced Drilling Nature Oil & Gas Seabox

Zone insulation of water producing Treating and removing oil contaminated Energy efficient treatment of seawater for
ABB Glamox Rolls-Royce injection at sea bottom
horizons, riserless mud recovery water, slop water
Energy efficient motors and power LED for reduced energy consumption, Gas driven engines substituting diesel and
ENWA Onsite Treatment Technologies Siemens
management systems long system lifetime, maintenance free other low emission engines
Treatment of seawater Waste Management systems Treatment of produced water
Aker Solutions and significant improved light quality
Siemens
GMC IFE Parker Maritime Sintef
Energy efficient power systems, high Highly efficient gas turbines and
Tracer technology to detect water Shuttle tanker crude oil flow control Well chemistry (scale) and water
voltage subsea power cables Power management systems for reduced compressors, energy efficient power
producing zones management modelling
Alfsen og Gunderson fuel consumption generation and drive systems PG Pump Solution
Nexans IKM Closed loop handlings of drill cuttings Soiltech
Energy efficient pump packages Wilhelmsen Technical Solutions
Drilling waste management, MRR (mud and mud, ballast water treatment Treatment of drilling waste and slop
Dresser Rand Superconducting cables / new energy- Low emissions HVAC systems
recovery without riser) and electrification allowing discharges at the drilling site
saving cables (smaller, lighter, stronger) ProAnalysis
Highly efficient gas turbines with reduced Wrtsil of hydraulic systems Thermtech
exhaust emissions through combustion Novenco Detection of oil in water
Reduced heating requirements for heavy
Interwell Treatment of oily drill cuttings and
and catalytic-based technologies High efficiency HVAC systems for oil separation by electrostatic coalesce Resman
Plugs and packers for downhole zone reconditioning of mud. Reuse of valuable
ENWA reducing operating costs and CO2 treatment in 3 phase separators Green tracer technology, soluble in water,
isolation components
emissions Zone isolation to prevent the production
Cooling water treatment for engines and glnd
Parat Halvorsen Jotun of water WellCem
HVAC Piping and cable support systems with
Protective coating (non-poisonous) Downhole supercement to prevent leaks
Eureka Pumps Energy efficient heating and recovery minimal weight and installation times SafeClean
systems Kongsberg Maritime Chemical removal of hydrocarbons and Wrtsil
Energy efficient pumps
Remote BOP activation system scale from topside equipment Electrostatic coalescers for the treatment
of produced water

16 17
 5. Capabilities and Technologies
5.3 Solutions for minimization of Emissions to air
The Norwegian oil and gas industry
has been working hard for more than
20 years to reduce emissions to air
and remove a major pollution factor.
The Norwegian petroleum industry
recognizes the climate challenge,
and has long worked on measures
to reduce emissions. In 2013, the
petroleum industry was the main source
of greenhouse gas emissions with
14 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents
representing 27% of total CO2 emissions
in Norway. This is an 81% reduction of
CO2 emissions since 1990.
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
ABB
Variable speed drives to reduce power
consumption
Aker Solutions
Sulphate, H2S and CO2 removal, design
and engineering of low NOX diesels,
sophisticated power management, green
dynamic positioning systems
Dresser Rand
High efficiency compressors and gas
turbines
E-Innovation
Breathable air compressors
ENWA
High efficiency HVAC using chemical free
water treatment
18
Wrtsil Flare Gas Recovery. Photo: Wrtsil Oil & Gas Solutions AS
Emissions to air from the oil and gas
activities consist of exhaust gases
containing CO2, NOX, SOX, CH4 and
NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic
compounds) from various types of
combustion equipment.
Statoil invented technologies which
enabled the largest NCS operator to shut
down flaring during normal operations.
The technology was developed and
commercialized in collaboration with
companies in the Norwegian supplier
industry.
GMC
High efficiency HVAC products
IRIS
CO2 storage modelling
K. Lund Offshore
Fuel efficient compressors
LR Consulting
Risk assessment of carbon capture/
storage
Novenco
High efficiency HVAC products
Nymo
Gas turbine air systems
Statoil, in partnership with the
shipowners and supplier industry,
developed technology for capturing of
VOC on shuttle tankers during loading
and transportation.
Many INTSOK partners have a strong
focus on developing solutions to
minimize emissions to air and reduce the
climate change risks.
Octio
Offshore mapping of CO2 subsurface
storage
Rolls-Royce
Gas driven engines and other low
emission engines
Sintef
CO2 subsurface storage laboratory
Wilhelmsen Technical Solutions
High efficiency HVAC products
Wrtsil
Systems for flare gas recovery and
systems for VOC recovery
5. Capabilities and Technologies
5.4 Logistic and Transportation Solutions
Offshore logistics cause a large
share of emissions due to high
cargo volumes, number of
vehicles and vessels engaged in
transportation and long steaming
distances to installations.
The total amount of emissions of
CO2 equivalents in 2013 from road
traffic was 10,1 million tonnes and
from other types of transportation,
including fisheries and navigation,
7,1 million tonnes. These sectors
represent respectively 19% and 13%
of total CO2 emissions.
Operators are responsible for
optimizing the supply chain and
have worked together with the
suppliers to reduce emissions and
energy consumption. Operators
Providing logistic and transportation solutions. Photo: Bring Logistics
have established joint transportation
between platforms and installations
to increase efficiency and reduce
the number of vessels required to
provide a necessary cost efficient
service level. The operators are
increasingly looking for vessels and
vehicles with high energy efficiency
and low emissions, like gas fuelled
vessels.
Recent studies also show that levels
of speed reduction contribute to
reduced CO2 emissions and are still
consistent with the safe and reliable
operation of the vessel.
Waste from the oil and gas industry
is divided into hazardous and non-
Ship-to-ship oil transit and Barents Sea
hazardous waste. All waste taken
onshore is covered by the reporting
regulations. The operators main
goal is to produce as little waste
as possible and establish systems
which ensure maximum safety
during transportation and final
recycling.
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
Bring Logistics
Energy efficient logistical services
Hegh LNG
LNG transportation, environmentally
friendly regasification and CNG solutions
NorSea Group
Energy efficient supply and base operation
services
Tschudi Shipping
logistical services
19
 5. Capabilities and Technologies
5.5 Oil Spill Preparedness and Clean-Up Solutions
NOFO and the Norwegian Coastal
Administration have continuous focus
on developing new technologies to
strengthen their abilities to handle oil
spills at sea. In the recently completed
Oil Spill Response 2010 innovation
programme the following solutions
were developed:
A monitoring and control system
for optimum use of traditional
booms
A dispersion system for small
vessels using a towed winged
underwater object
An unmanned, remote-controlled
drone (plane) for remote
measurement
A system for simultaneous handling
of remote measurement data from
several sensors
A new digital data and image link
between ships and from planes to
ships
A new high-speed bilge system to
be tested in full scale
NOFO, together with The Norwegian
Coastal Administration have now
launched Oil Spill Response 2015,
a programme where companies are
encouraged to present commercial
products and services to meet the
future operational needs of NOFO and
the industry in general.
20
Testing clean-up technologies. Photo: Frank Mohn
The Norwegian Oil Spill Control
Association (NOSCA) is another
organization with 30 members
from industry, R&D institutions and
government institutions that work
jointly to develop equipment and
contingency planning for oil spill
emergencies. In 2014 NOSCA and
INTSOK joined forces in order to
market the capabilities within oil spill
prevention, surveillance and response
in international markets.
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
Aptomar
Real time oil spill tactical information and
management system to ensure safe and
efficient operations
DNV GL
Oil spill modelling and risk assessment
Egersund Group
Oil spill recovery and containment
systems
Exprosoft
Risk and reliability studies and
qualification of technologies to improve
safety and reduce environmental risks
Frank Mohn
Oil spill recovery systems
Kongsberg Norcontrol IT
Oil spill detection and surveillance system
Kongsberg Satellite Services
Oil spill detection, surveillance and
imaging system
5. Capabilities and Technologies
Demolition of steel structures on behalf of Statoil at Kvaerner site Eldyane, Stord, Norway. Photo: Magne Langker
5.6 Decommissioning and Restoration Solutions
LR Consulting When the oil companies shut North-East Atlantic) has established
Risk and emergency preparedness down production from an offshore guidelines for the disposal
assessment. Oil spill modelling installation, they are responsible for alternatives that are acceptable for
Maritime Robotics the decommissioning and restoration various types of marine installations.
Oil spill detection and surveillance system
of the areas that have been used.
Markleen The Norwegian petroleum
Oil spill recovery and containment
Both national and international cluster has been involved in the
systems
regulations apply when an oil decommissioning and removal of
Miros
company reaches a decision several huge installations in the
Oil spill detection and surveillance
systems regarding disposal of an offshore North Sea, and has been at the
Norlense installation. The OSPAR convention forefront of developing effective and
Oil spill recovery and containment (The Convention for the Protection competitive methods.
systems of the Marine Environment of the
Parat Halvorsen
Oil spill tools and equipment
Rolls-Royce
Oil spill recovery vessel design
Sintef
Oil spill modelling and contingency
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
planning and fate and weathering studies
Stinger
Aibel EMAS AMC LR Consulting
Underwater leak detection and monitoring
Decommissioning contractor solutions Removal and transport of structures to Safe operations assessments
systems
Aker Solutions shore SafeClean
Subsea 7
Decommissioning contractor solutions IK Group Cleaning and removal of coating on
Oil spill emergency services
Alustar Subsea pipeline isolation and recovery decommissioned parts
TESS tools
Scaffolding systems for easy access Safety Tools Allmet
Oil spill tools and equipment
Beerenberg IKM Cold work grinding and cutting
Ulstein
Cutting tools and decommissioning
Decommissioning of pipeline systems equipment
Oil spill recovery vessel design and
DeepOcean Kvaerner Subsea 7
fabrication
Seabed inspection
Decommissioning contractor solutions Marine decommissioning
VARD
Linjebygg Offshore
Oil spill recovery vessel design and DNV GL
fabrication Risk assessment/verification
Safe and cost effective cutting and
removal of structures high and low
VisSim
Oil spill detection and surveillance system
21
 5. Capabilities and Technologies 6. Framework Conditions, Regulations and Selected References

Framework Conditions,
Regulations and Selected
References
This chapter presents relevant laws and regulations which
have contributed to the environmental achievements on
the NCS as well as references to reports documenting the
achievements.

1971: The Petroleum Law. The
commandments of the Norwegian
Integrated activity and environmental monitoring of the Barents Sea. Photo: John Ringstad / Havforskningsinstituttet oil and gas policy adopted by
the Parliament: appropriate
care must be shown with respect
chemicals, treatment and injection
of produced water and disposal
of cut- tings. The Ministry of
Environment
requirements than in the North
Sea. The Ministry of Environment
2007: Introduction of tax on NOX
emissions. The Ministry of Finance

5.7 Environmental models and Measurement solutions to existing industrial activity

The oil and gas industry conducts
INTSOK Partner Deliverables
extensive monitoring of the
environment to investigate potential
effects of its discharges to sea and
emissions to air. Monitoring is based
on Government requirements and
guidelines.
The environmental monitoring is a
systematic collection of data using
verifiable methods to document the
state of the environment and how it
develops over time.
Norwegian companies and research
institutes have played a major role
in developing environmental impact
assessment and safety studies as part
of the plans for developing new fields
and for monitoring the performance.
and environmental interest in
2000: Environmental Report:
Miljsok sluttrapport (In 2008: Norway is a part of the
developing a new oil industry Norwegian). Miljsok European Trading Scheme (ETS).
Flaring of exploitable natural The Ministry of Environment.
resources must not be accepted 2001: Annual Environmental
under normal operations Report. The Norwegian Oil 2009: Compatibility between
Industry Association (OLF) Norwegian petroleum activities
add energy Norconsult
1977: Paris Convention (OSPAR). and environmental stewardship.
Environmental data management Civil engineering works to minimize
accounting and impact assessment impact on Environment. Environmental This regulated oil in produced 2004: Environmental Management OG21
and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) water (40ppm later 30 ppm) and Quality System ISO 14001. ISO
Carbon Limits
Carbon management consultants NORSAR the disposal and abandonment of 2011: The Norwegian Ministry of
DNV GL Surface leakage detection and earthquake installations. 2004: Environmental web joint Petroleum and Energy White Paper
Environmental impact studies
forecasts database. The Norwegian Oil No 28 (20102011)
Octio 1991: Tax on CO2 emissions Industry Association, Norwegian
IRIS
Impact on environment studies and
Environmental monitoring of fields
introduced. The Ministry of Petroleum Directorate and the 2012: The Norwegian Ministry of
including a leakage detector
biomarkers Finance Climate and Pollution Agency Petroleum and Energy White Paper
Stinger
Marintek No 7 (2011-2012)
Computerized fluid dynamics and
Modelling of environmental loads on
backtracking of hydrocarbon leaks under
1993: New regulations for 2005: Norway signs the Kyoto
offshore installations
water in order to predict the spread discharges of oil-based drilling protocol setting targets for 2012: Oil and Gas in the 21st
Miros and geographical location of a pollutant mud and oily cuttings. The reducing CO2 emissions. The century. www.og21.no
Meteorological and oceanographic source Ministry of Environment Ministry of Environment
systems with wave and helideck
monitoring
StormGeo 2014: Environmental Report
Meteorological forecasting and 1997: White Paper describing the 2007: White Paper No 26 2013. Norwegian Oil and Gas
Multiconsult environmental studies
zero harmful discharge policy regulated the Northern Waters Association. June 2013
Civil engineering design to minimize
impact on environment. Environmental including substitution of harmful north of 68 degrees latitude.
impact assessment with a special focus Introducing stricter zero discharge
on Arctic

22 23
24
Concept Selection, Field Development Solutions

Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
Solutions for
Solutions for

Logistics and
Drilling
Subsea

floating

and Clean-Up
Transportation
Pipelines

Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
Solutions

Emissions to air
Ships and

minimazation of
minimazation of
Discharges to Sea,

and Measurements
and Onshore
Topsides and

Waste management
energy consumption

Restoration Solutions
Solutions for Reduced
Platform Design

Decommissioning and
Oil Spill Preparedness

Environmental models
Company

INTSOK Partners and Capabilities

ABB

add energy

Aibel

Aker Solutions

Alfsen og Gunderson

Alustar

Aptomar

Beerenberg

Bredero Shaw

Bring Logistics

BW Offshore

Carbon Limits

Deep Ocean

DNV GL

Dresser Rand

E-Innovation

INTSOK Partners and Capabilities

Egersund Group

EMAS AMC

Emerson Roxar

Enhanced Drilling

Enwa Water Treatment

Eureka Pumps

Exprosoft

FMC Technologies

Frank Mohn

GE Oil & Gas

Geomec

Glamox

GMC

Hegh LNG

IFE

IK Group AS

IKM

InOcean

Interwell

IRIS

Jotun

K.Lund Offshore

Kongsberg Maritime

Kongsberg Norcontrol IT

Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies

Kongsberg Satellite Services

Kvaerner

Linjebygg Offshore

LMG Marine

LR Consulting

Marintek

Maritime Robotics

Markleen

M-I Swaco/Epcon

Miros

Moss Maritime

Multiconsult

Nature Oil & Gas

Nexans

NORSAR

NorSea Group

Norconsult

Novenco

Norlense

Nymo

Octio

Odfjell Drilling

OneSubsea

Onsite Treatment Technologies

Parat Halvorsen

Parker Maritime

PG Pump Solution

ProAnalysis

Reinertsen

Resman

Rolls-Royce

SafeClean

Safety Tools Allmet

SAR Group

Seabox

Sekal

Sevan Marine/Kanfa

Siemens

Sintef

Soiltech

Stinger

StormGeo

Subsea 7

Technip Norge

TESS

Thermtech

Tschudi Shipping

Ulstein

VARD

VisSim

WellCem

Wilhelmsen Technical Solutions

Wood Group Mustang Norway AS

Wrtsil

glnd
25
 INTSOK Partners and web addresses INTSOK Partners and web addresses

INTSOK Partner & web addresses

ABB Egersund Group InOcean Miros ProAnalysis TESS
www.abb.no www.egersundgroup.no www.inocean.no www.miros.no www.proanalysis.no www.tess.no

add energy EMAS AMC Interwell Moss Martime Reinertsen Thermtech

www.addenergy.no www.emas.com www.interwell.com www.mossww.com www.reinertsen.no www.thermtech.no INTSOKs objective is to open a
Aibel Emerson Roxar IRIS Multiconsult Resman Tschudi Shipping
dialog with international clients in
www.aibel.com www.roxar.com www.iris.no www.multiconsult.no www.resman.no www.tschudishipping.com
order to prepare workshops and
Aker Solutions
ww.akersolutions.com
Enhanced Drilling
www.enhanced-drilling.com
Jotun
www.jotun.com
Nature Oil & Gas
www.ngrp.com
Rolls-Royce
www.rolls-royce.com
Ulstein
www.ulstein.com
meetings where these capabilities
can be presented and discussed.
Alfsen og Gunderson Enwa Water Treatment K.Lund Offshore Nexans Safe Clean VARD
www.ag.no www.enwa.com www.kl-offshore.no www.nexans.no www.safeclean.no www.vard.com

Alustar Eureka Pumps Kongsberg Maritime NorSea Group Safety Tools Allment VisSim
www.alustar.no www.eureka.no www.kongsberg.com www.norseagroup.com www.safetytools.no www.vissimvts.com

Aptomar Exprosoft Kongsberg Norcontrol IT Norconsult SAR Group WellCem

www.aptomar.com www.exprosoft.com www.kongsberg.com www.norconsult.com www.sargruppen.no www.wellcem.no

ATCD FMC Technologies Kongsberg Oil & Gas Technologies Novenco Seabox Wilhelmsen Technical Solutions
www.atcd.no www.fmctechnologies.com www.kongsberg.com www.novenco.biz www.sea-box.no www.wilhelmsen.com

Beerenberg Frank Mohn Kongsberg Satellite Services Norlense Sekal Wood Group Mustang Norway AS
www.beerenberg.com www.framo.no www.kongsberg.com www.norlense.no www.sekal.com www.woodgroup.com

Bredero Shaw GE Oil & Gas Kvaerner Nymo Sevan Marine/Kanfa Wrtsil
www.thermotite.no www.ge-energy.com www.kvaerner.com www.nymo.no www.kanfagroup.com www.wartsila.com

Bring Logistics Geomec Linjebygg Offshore Octio Siemens glnd

www.bring.no/logistics www.geomec.com www.lbo.no www.octio.com www.siemens.no www.oglaend-system.com

BW Offshore Glamox LMG Marine Odfjell Drilling Sintef

www.bwoffshore.com www.glamox.com/gmo www.lmgmarin.no www.odfjelldrilling.com www.sintef.no

Carbon Limits GMC LR Consulting OneSubsea Soiltech

www.carbonlimits.no www.gmc.no www.lr.org www.onesubsea.com www.soiltech.net

Deep Ocean Hegh LNG Marintek Onsite Treatment Technologies Stinger

www.deepocean.no www.hoeghlng.no www.marintek.sintef.no www.ott-as.no www.stinger.no

DNV GL IFE Maritime Robotics Parat Halvorsen Storm Geo

www.dnv.com www.ife.no www.maritimerobotics.com www.parat.no www.stormgeo.com

Dresser Rand IK Group AS Markleen Parker Maritime Subsea 7

www.dresser-rand.com www.ik.no www.markleen.com www.parkermaritime.no www.subsea7.com

E-Innovation IKM M-I Swaco/Epcon PG Pump Solution Technip Norge

www.einnovation.no www.ikm.no www.slb.com/pwsm www.pergjerdrum.no www.technip.com

26 27
 PROMOTING NORWEGIAN
OIL AND GAS CAPABILITIES
IN INTERNATIONAL
MARKETS

INTSOK, Oslo INTSOK, Stavanger INTSOK, Bergen

Hoffsveien 23, 2nd floor Prof. Olav Hanssens vei 7a Visiting Address:
P.O. Box 631 Skyen P.O. Box 8034 Sandslimarka 55
NO-0214 Oslo NO-4068 Stavanger N-5020 Bergen
Norway Norway Norway
Phone: +47 22 06 14 80 Phone: +47 51 87 48 80 Phone: +47 90 56 03 35

INTSOK@INTSOK.COM
WWW.INTSOK.COM

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