NAME : NURHIDAYAH SAADAH BINTI ISMAIL (55102315093)

SUPERVISORS NAME: ZURAIDAH BINTI RASEP

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND OF STUDY

In today's globalization, there are many types of petroleum-based lubricants and they are not envi-
ronmentally friendly because it can bring harm to the environment and not easily biodegradable. It is a
concern for consumers because of its negative impact. Due to the growing environmental concerns,
vegetable-based oils are being examined to replace petroleum lubricants due to the characteristics of
eco-friendly vegetable oils. For this study, palm oil is chosen because it is readily available, due to its
superior tribal properties and its massive production, which may lead to the production of bio-
lubricants. Malaysia is the world's second-largest producer of palm oil commodities. Palm oil is also
one of the renewable sources and because of its high productivity rate, it can meet bio-lubricant de-
mand. To produce bio-lubricating oil, either directly using pure palm oil without blending or by using a
certain ratio of palm oil with commercial lubricant. RBD Palm Olein (cooking oil) and semi-synthetic
(SAE10W-30) are mixed and tested to investigate lubricant performance and properties for six different
ratios between 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in various parameters including density, viscosity,
and functional group analysis. In conclusion, blending (SO80 / RB20) mixture has a better properties
than the other bio-lubricant mixture or pure RBD palm olein. It has also been found that this bio-
lubricant mixture contains the same properties as the basic adjustment of lubricating oil. As a result of
the experiment, results can support the establishment or creation of vegetable oil based bio-lubricants
as a renewable alternative source.
Currently, synthetic oil and mineral oil based has been utilized broadly in lu-
brication industry. As a result of the real harm to the environment due not readily
biodegradable and toxicity of these current lubricant, it increases the worldwide
concern about health. An options lubricant, for example, vegetable oils perhaps
able to solve the problem since its sustainable, nontoxic and biodegradable.
Vegetable oil has a poor thermal stability, low temperature behavior and low oxi-
dative stability which limit their potential application to be utilized as a part of in-
dustrial lubricants (Aiman, Y and Syahrullail, S). Hence, this research will be
conducted where vegetable oils which is palm oil will be utilized as blend with
current lubricant. This paper investigates the properties, such as density and
viscosity of RBD palm olein mixed synthetic oil with different blending volume
ratio.
OBJECTIVES
To analysis properties of different compositions of RBD Palm Olein and synthetic
oil by using density and viscosity test.
To compare the different composition of RBD Palm Olein by using FTIR test.

METHODS

Blending Oil
Analysis Density Analysis Viscosity Analysis FTIR
RBD palm olein + Synthetic oil

RESULTS

0.906
0.896
0.890
0.881
0.878
0.868

Figure 1: Density of all oil composition

52.5
48

26 28
20
16

Figure 2: Viscosity of oil composition Figure 3: FTIR Analysis

CONCLUSION REFERENCES
For every added of 20% of synthetic oil into palm olein, the density value slightly decrease. For the overall oil composition, SO80
-PO20 has a lower density value which is 0.878kg/m3 than SO20-PO80 which is 0.896kg/m3. It can conclude that the result obeys the Aiman and Syahrullail (2017). Development of palm oil
theory because the value that gets from the experiment is same as the value that provides by the manufacture of synthetic engine oil blended with semi synthetic oil as a lubricant using four-
although the 100% synthetic is without the range. ball tester. Jurnal Tribologi 13, pp.1-20.
Based on viscosity graph, the oil composition value is below 60mm2/s. For the overall oil composition, PO60-SO40 has lower Hassan, Ani and Syahrullail (2016). Tribological
viscosity value which is 20mm2/s than PO20-SO80 which is 48mm2/s. It can conclude that higher viscosity is the best because has Performance Of Refined, Bleached And Deodorised
high anti-friction and anti-wear ability. Palm Olein Blends Bio-Lubricants. Journal of Oil Palm
Research 28, pp. 510-519
Based on FTIR graph, for the comparison of figure and table of FTIR analysis, it can conclude that the major type of bond in the Jabal, Ani and Syahrullail (2016). Tribological Features
blending oil is alkanes (CH2 & CH3), alkyl halide (C-CL), and carboxylic acid (C=O). But in the 100% synthetic oil there was alkenes Of Refined, Bleached And Deodourised (RBD) Palm
groups and the carboxylic acid group was weak stretching. In the figure 100% synthetic, it shown that peak 1705.51 was weak Olein Blends With Mineral Oil. Jurnal Mekanikal 38, pp.
stretching of carboxylic acids compared to other like 100% RBD palm olein and 80% RBD palm olein. Besides that, in pure synthetic 22-31.
oil and 20% RBD palm olein, there was alkenes functional group. It clearly shown that every 20% reduction of RBD palm olein there
will forming alkenes.