BODE PLOT

Title: Study of Bode Plot for frequency response stability analysis.

Instruments: Matlab software.

Theory:
Frequency response methods were used earlier for stability analysis and design as compared to other time response methods
like root locus method, etc. These methods are simple to use and offer many advantages compared to time domain method.
Some of the advantages are:
1) Frequency response of open loop system can be determined experimentally without the knowledge of
transfer function.
2) Calculations are simple and the methods are well tested.
3) There is a close relationship between frequency response of a system and its step response. If we know the
frequency response, we can have a rough idea about its step response.

For the above prominent reasons frequency response method is used widely.

Advantages of Bode Plot:

1) It shows both low and high frequency characteristics of transfer function in a single diagram.
2) Relative stability of the system can be studied by calculating gain margin and phase margin from Bode plot.
3) Various other frequency domain specifications like cutoff frequency, bandwidth, etc. can be determined.
4) Data for constructing complicated Polar and Nyquist plots can be easily obtained from Bode plot.
5) Without knowledge of transfer function the Bode plot of stable open loop system can be determined
experimentally.
6) The value of system gain K can be designed for required specifications of G.M and P.M from Bode plot.

Steps to sketch the Bode plot

1) Express given G(s)H(s) into time constant form.

2) Draw a line of 20 LogK db.
3) Draw a line of appropriate slope representing poles and zeros at the origin, passing through intersection
point of w=1 and 0 db.
4) Shift this intersection point on 20 LogK line and draw a parallel line to the line drawn in step 3. This is
addition of constant K and number of poles and zeros at the origin.
5) Change the slope of this line at various corner frequencies by approximate value depending upon which
factor is appearing at the corner frequencies. Apply necessary correction for quadratic factor.
6) Prepare the phase angle table and obtain the table of w and resultant phase angle by actual calculation. Plot
these points and draw the smooth curve obtaining the necessary phase angle plot.

Procedure:
1) Take an example.
G(s)H(s)=(30(s+1))/(s(s+3)(s+4)(s+5))
2) Write steps to plot Magnitude plot. Draw and make table.
3) Make the plot on a semilog paper.
4) Write wgc, wpc, P.M., G.M. values on semilog paper as well as in your result and observation.
Program:

clear all;

clc;

s=tf('s')

LoopTF=(30*(s+1))/(s*(s+3)*(s+4)*(s+5))

bode(LoopTF)

grid()

margin(LoopTF)

Output: