Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Important texts
o The Ecocriticism Reader (1978), edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold
Fromm
o William Rueckert coined the term ecocriticism in his essay from the
collection Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism.
o The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the
Formation of American Culture (1995), by Lawrence Buell.
Looks back at the history of American nature writing through literary
analysiswith Thoreaus Walden as a reference pointto establish a
history of environmental perception and imagination. It examines how
humanistic thought, particularly through literary nonfiction, can imagine a
more ecocentric or green way of living.
o Ecocriticism (2004) by Greg Garrard
Examines a wide range of literary and cultural works. Two notable
strengths: (1) it acknowledges the political dimension of ecocriticism; and (2)
it explores a range of issues, from animal studies and definitions of
wilderness and nature, to post apocalyptic narratives.
o Silent Spring (1962) by Rachel Carson
Considered by many to have initiated the contemporary environmental
and ecological movements. It addresses the systemic problem of
environmental degradation brought on by corporate industry and advocates
for protection through public awareness and resistance.
Ecofeminism
Ecological feminism or ecofeminism is a term which acknowledges that
there is a connection between the domination of women and the
denigration of nature.
Ecofeminism is not only a womens movement but it is also a movement
for ecological restoration.
In 1974 French feminist, Francoise dEaubonne in her book Le
Fminisme ou la Mort (Feminism or Death) coined the term
ecofminisme (ecofeminism) and stated that patriarchy is the cause of
the present ecological crisis.
Ecofeminism claims that patriarchal structures justify their dominance
through categorical or dualistic hierarchies: heaven/earth, mind/body,
male/female, human/animal, spirit/matter, culture/nature, white/non-
white.
It has evolved into a movement that connects all the -isms of
domination, e.g., racism, sexism, and classism, with the exploitation,
degradation, and destruction of natural entities, habitats, and ecosystems.
Key Texts
Ecofeminism and the Sacred(1993) edited by Carol Adams
Diamond, Irene and Gloria Feman Orenstine, eds. Reweaving the World: The
Emergence of
Ecofeminism. 1990.
Gaard, Greta, ed. Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. 1993.
Griffin, Susan. Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her. 1978.
Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific
Revolution.
Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. 1993.
Sturgeon, Noel. Ecofeminist Natures: Race, Gender, Feminist Theory and
Political Action.
Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature(1997) by Karen Warren
Eco-socialism/Marxist Environmentalism