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Functions of AHU
Conditions the air and distributes it to various spaces.
Fresh air and re-circulation air are often mixed and conditioned.
Components of AHU
The senor measures the controlled variable and the signal is sent to the controller where the
actual value is compared to the setting
The controller then makes control decision to adjust position of controlled variable; this then
has an effect on process variable.
Temperature sensor
Velocity/flow sensor
CO2 sensor
Controller
Controller provides a signal to the controlled device in response to feedback from the
sensor.
An actuator responds to the output signal from a controller and provides the mechanical action
to operate the control device usually a valve or damper.
Types of actuators
Electrical, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, etc
Characteristics of valves
Equal percentage is suitable for continuous volume control
Set point, Control variable, Input/output
Control mode
Controllers maintain the process value at the desired set point, through
output signal to the controlled device.
The output signal is a function of the difference between the control
variable and the set point.
The action that the controller takes is called control mode or control
logic, of which there are three basic types:
Two-position control
Floating control
Modulating control
Two-position (on/off)
Applies to systems that have only 2 states, for example On/Off of equipment,
Close/Open of solenoid valves, etc
Balancing between frequent start/stop of equipment and tighter tolerance of the
control variables
Floating control
Similar to two-position control but not limited to two states. The controller has
three modes Open/Idle/Close
A modulating-type controlled device is needed, typically a valve or damper
driven by a slow moving bi-directional actuator
Modulating control
PID (proportional integral derivative) algorithm has been widely applied for
majority of the industrial processes .
Best tuning of PID parameters depends on a clear understanding of behavior of
the process responding to the changes; fortunately there are lots of techniques
helpful for selecting appropriate values.
Fresh air (outdoor air) entering the AHU is monitored and compared to the
desired value
The controller compares the difference and adjusts the damper to bring in the
proper amount of fresh air.
Example: fan pressure optimization