Structural Analysis and

Buckling
Procesos de manufactura

Facultad de Ingeniera Mecnica

Diseo I
UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMS
Structural Analysis

1. Design of Machines Frames and Housing.

2. Design of member and connections restricted by the
applicable building code (AISC, ASD, LRFD, etc) :
a) members for Tension
b) members for compression Buckling.
c) members for flexure
d) members for shear
e) members for combined forces and torsion
f) connections
g) for fatigue
Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

1. Using direct load paths

2. Tailoring element shape to loading gradient

Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:
3. Incorporating triangular or tetrahedral arrangements or shapes
Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:
4. Buckling Avoidance Guideline
Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:
5. Hollow Cylinder and I-Beam Guideline
Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

6. Providing conforming surfaces at mating interfaces

Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

7. Removing lightly stressed or lazy material

Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

8. Merging different shapes gradually from one to another

Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

9. Matching element surface strains at joints and contacting

surfaces
Structural Analysis
Congurational guidelines:

10. Load-Spreading Guideline . The load should be transferred as

gradually and as uniformly:

a. Use many small fasteners rather than a few large ones.

b. Use generous llets or tapered sections rather than sharp
reentrant corners or large square shoulders.
c. Use washers under bolt heads and nuts.
d. Use ribs to distribute loads from lugs or feet to supporting walls.
e. Use raised pads on shafting to mount hubs, gears, or bearings.
f. Use innovative transition geometry to spread load or reduce
stress concentration, especially in critical design situations.
Machine Frames
Structural Elements

Tensor Beam

Column
Columns Designs
What is a column?

Taken from: http://www.obrieninstall.com/content/floor-mounted-workstation-bridge-cranes

Taken from: http://www.cadalyst.com/aec/it039s-all-about-connection-3491

Taken from: http://vedantcranes.com/products/jib-cranes.html

Column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural

element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure
above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a
compression member. 14
Columns Designs
Column Failure
Short Column Long Column

From Norton machine design

a. Dctil material b. Fragil material From: http://www.hemparchitecture.com/stalk-analysis/

Fail in compression Fail by Buckling

Slenderness ratio Radius of gyration

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Euler-column Formula

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Euler-column Formula

Effective length factors

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Intermediate Columns

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Intermediate Columns

<

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Columns whit eccentric load

Secant Column Formula

use

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Struts or short compression members

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 References

Norton, R.L. Machine Design: an integrated approach.

3rd ed, 2006.

Budynas and Nisbett. Shigleys Mechanical

Engineering Design. 8th ed, 2006.

Urugal, A.C. Mechanical Design. 2004.

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..to remember..

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Supports

Examples of joints
fashioned in metal
structures

Idealized models used in structural analysis that represent pinned and

fixed supports and pin-connected and fixed-connected joints
Supports
Beam Idealized model: P= 8000 lb; L=20 ft; W10x10 beam; =0.59

Jib crane and trolley

example
Supports

Pin- and roller-supported connection example

Fixed connected members examples: apply for bolted or welded joints

Supports

Actual structure Idealize structure

Application of the Equations of Equilibrium

How many equations?

How many Unknowns?

Application of the Equations of Equilibrium

The compound beam is fixed at A. Determine

the reaction A, B and C
Application of the Equations of Equilibrium

FBD
Application of the Equations of Equilibrium

Determine the horizontal and vertical

components of reaction at the pins A, B and C of
the two members frame
Application of the Equations of Equilibrium

FBD
Application of the Equations of Equilibrium
Determine the horizontal a vertical components of reactions at the pins,
calculate the diameter of the bolted joints and pins and select the properly
area for the structural members, use structural steel A-36 for the members
and bolts class 8.8. In the beams with fixed-supports replaced the bolted
joints with welded joints and calculate the stress at the weld. Use E60xx
electrode and weld all around.
Shear and moment diagrams for a frame

Draw the moment diagram for the tapered frame. Assume the
support A is a roller and B is a pin.
Shear and moment diagrams for a frame
Solution
Shear and moment diagrams for a frame
Solution
Shear and moment diagrams for a frame

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the frame. Assume
the support A is a pin and C is a roller and B is a fixed joint.
Shear and moment diagrams for a frame
Solution
any questions?

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