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By Daniel Yergin
1. Who was the responsible for the creation of the Oil Industry?
George Bissell.
2. What was the name of the first well driller?
William A. Smith, he was known as Uncle Billy.
3. What was the German Chemistry Industry Conglomerate that was a donor to the
National Socialism Party, closed in 1952?
The IG Farben Chemical Industry.
4. When y where OPEC was founded and what is the meaning of the acronym?
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) was founded in September 14,
1960 in Baghdad, Iraq
5. When and who discovered the fabulous Portrero del Llano 4 well, inaugurating the
Golden Age of Mexican Oil?
Everette Lee DeGolyer, well known as the hundred man, in 1910, with a production of
110MBPD.
6. Who was the first person to produce oil intentionally in the western world in
Pennsylvania?
Was the colonel Drake in 1859
7. Which countries were OPEC initially consisted of?
5: Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela
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Volumetric Estimates
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS IN OIL EXPLORATION
2010
18. Cocretions, septaria and geodes are part of what type of sedimentary structure?
Secondary Sedimentary Structure
19. Name the types of sediments?
Terrigenous clastic sediments 2. Carbonate Rocks 3. Evaporites 4. Ironstones 5.
Phosphate deposits 6. Siliceous sediments 7. Volcanic Rocks
20. Name (1-2-3) types of depositional environments?
Continental deposits
-Transitional deposits
-Marine or Shallow Marine
-Fluvial
21. This is a deposit
zone in which a tension occurred & forming faults. Sometimes Blocks may slump in this
zone which called Interblock Tension
Divergent Wrench
22. Process of movement from source rock. Fluids are squeezed out by the weight of the
overlying sediments. Fluids tend to move toward the lowest potential energy.
Primary migration
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o When there is significant water influx (Water Drive Reservoirs)
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IADC MANUAL FOR WELL CONTROL
By: Well Control School,
47. The main objective of this operation is to avoid contingencies of kick may occur and in
case, to prevent to happen by handling them properly to prevent a major disaster. What
would this be?
Well Control Operations.
48. Condition factor that influence the intensity of the onslaught of the well?
Formation pressure greater than hydrostatic pressure
49. Name (1-2-3) causes of a pressure imbalance between the formation pressure and the
hydrostatic pressure?
Improper filling of the hole during travel
Swab & Surge
Insufficient fluid density
Loss of circulation
formation with Abnormal Pressure
50. Indication of kick in well while drilling.
Decrease in pumping pressure.
51. While drilling, this effect of suction is caused by provoking the formation by the Speed
of the Trip pulling the tool out of the hole.
Swab & Surge
THE PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FLUIDS
By: William McCain Jr.
52. How does sulfur affect the density of Hydrocarbons?
The quantity of sulfur increases as the density of the crude increases.
53. How can the crude oil be classified?
By its Physical properties and chemical structure of molecules.
54. The physical properties of crude oil are subdivided into properties that depend of the
quantity of mass and independent of the mass. Name these properties.
Intensive properties and extensive properties.
55. Its a graph of pressure plotted against temperatures showing the condition under which
the various phases of a substance will be present.
Phase Diagram
56. In phase behavior, this is the upper limit of the vapor-pressure line.
Critical Point.
AMOCO MANUAL FOR DRILLING FLUIDS
By: AMOCO
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59. What does Marsh Funnel Viscosity indicate?
relative mud consistency or thickness.
60. What are the major uses of polymers in drilling fluids?
Viscosity
Bentonite extension
Deflocculation
Filtration control
Shale stabilization
61. This fluid is left in the casing tubing annulus when completing a well. The name is?
Packing Fluid.
HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
HWU Dept. of Petroleum Engineering
62. According to the basis of an analytical design of Gas Lift. What is the result that must be
taken into account for the operational actions of the gas lift injection?
The arrangement and depth of the mandrels.
63. in a gas lift valve nitrogen load act on the bellows exerting a force pushing the ball
against the choke, in which prevents the flow of?
The injection of gas.
64. What are the methods in which are used to injection of gas lift?
continuous, intermittent and closed system lifting.
65. What is caused when the sand is produced from unconsolidated deposits?
Erosion of tubulars / high costs.
66. CO2 dissolved in water can form an acid solution strong enough to allow the steel to
dissolve in water. What partial pressure of CO2 can be used to be dissolved in water?
30 psi or greater
67. What is the mean function of Artificial Lift System (ALS)?
Adds energy to the well fluid which allows the well to flow.
68. Which are the most popular forms of artificial lift System?
Rod Pumps, Hydraulic Pumps, Electric Submersible Pump, Gas Lift and Progressive Cavity
Pump.
69. Which ALS uses surface equipment connected, through rods, to a positive displacement
bottom pump that will generate a suction process in the pump to lift the oil from the
reservoir to the surface?
Sucker Rod Pumps
70. These charts allow analyzing background problems and identifying the resulting loads
acting on the surface equipment, its refer to?
Dynamometric charts
71. What are the principal components that an electric submersible Pump (ESP) uses to lift
the oil to the surface?
Employs a downhole centrifugal pump and an electric motor.
DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
By: Steve Devereux.
72. In drilling, when rock sequence is repeated or part of the rock sequence is missing, the
drillers are drilling through a?
Normal or Reverse Fault.
73. What is the fracture pressure?
It is the pressure in which the stress or fluid weight is large enough to fracture the rock.
74. What elements are necessary for overpressure to occur?
Watertight barrier and high pressure.
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75. When a kick occurs, the first equipment to seal the well is called?
Blow-out preventer (BOP).
76. This is the depth at which the drilling stops to execute casing setting operations
Intubation Point.
77. These materials are used for power fluids (gas drive), fracturing energy, and propulsion
energy sources and their primary function is to provide quick fluid volume.
Gas generators.
78. What are the critical steps that needs to be executed to estabilish an optimum flow
path?
Design
Quality control
Quality control inspection
79. How can pressure differential between wellbore and reservoir before perforating be
described?
- Underbalanced
- Overbalanced
- Extreme Overbalanced (EOB)
80. What are the four main types of perforation guns?
- Wireline conveyed casing guns
- Throught-tubing hollow carrier guns
- Throught-tubing strip guns
- Tubing conveyed perforation guns
81. This is the number of holes specified in shots per foots aimed to reduce perforation
skins and produce wells at lower pressure differentials.
High Shot Density
NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS
By:Roberto Aguilera, PhD.
82. This is a macroscopic planar discontinuity that results from stresses that exceed the
rupture strength of the rock.
natural fracture
83. A reservoir which contains fractures created by mother nature. These natural fractures
can have a positive or a negative effect on fluid flow. Open uncemented or partially
mineralized fractures might have, for example, a positive effect on oil flow but a negative
effect on water or gas flow due to coning effects.
a naturally fractured reservoir.
*
84. what are the requirements for hydrocarbon accumulation?
source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, trap, migration or fluid content.
85. what are the types of structural traps?
a) dry synclines
b) anticlines
c) salt-cored structures or those formed by salt domes
d) hydrodynamic fault
86. what are the types of stratigraphic traps?
a) Varying permeability caused by sedimentation.
b) Varying permeability caused by ground water.
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c) Varying permeability caused by truncation and sealing.
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103. Name 4 methods used to determinate permeability and skin of a well during a
Build Up test
Horners method
Muskat method
MHD-Miller, Dyes Hutchinson Method
Agarwalls Method
104. What does the average pressure refers to?
Is the pressure reached when all the drilled wells shut down their production.
105. How are acuifers classified?
Active.
Medium active.
Poor active.
106. The objective of this discipline is to formulate a program from many variables
for drilling a well taking into account the following characteristics: safety,
minimum costs, usable tools. What is the name of the discipline?
Well Planning.
107. Mention 3 types of how Wells can be classified into?
wildcats
exploratory holes
step-outs
infills
re-entries
108. Name the normal ranges for normal formation pressures gradients in psi/foot
0.433-0,465 psi/ft
109. What kind of information provides the heading of the bit record (provide
three)?
The heading of the bit record provides information such as the following:
operator
contractor
rig number
well location
drillstring characteristics
pump data
110. These describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the mud.
Drilling Mud records.
PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTING
By: John Lee, PhD.
111. A GOR greater than 100.000 (one-hundred thousand) scf/STB, is evidence of?
Dry gas.
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112. A GOR less than 50.000 (fifty thousand) scf/STB, is evidence of?
Wet gas.
113. What is the term that researchers, both educators of the industry, give to the
proportionality between the index of volumetric flow and the pressure drop for a
liquid that was lost at a speed that is lower than that predicted by the number of
Reynolds?
Non-Darcy flow.
114. During the period of initial flow or well accumulation which factors can be
determined with greater precision in a flow test?
undamaged effective permeability, measurement of well damage, initial in gas in
solution, initial reservoir pressure, distances to the closet reservoir barries, and
description of the drainage area.
115. What is the check list of data verification that the reservoir engineer needs
during drilling of a reservoir?
During drilling:
a) Use a logging program capable of determining porosities and saturation.
b) Provide for sufficient cores to give a good statistical analysis of porosities and
permeabilities. Store core not needed for core analysis.
116. This occurs when the well is set to produce at constant Surface rate and a
shut in period occurs. Initially, fluid will unload from the wellbore with no flow
from the formation to the wellbore.
Wellbore Storage
117. A well may be produced at constant rate or constant pressure and have
wellbore storage, true or false?
True
118. Mention two types of flow applied to the Darcy Law?
Radial Flow-Linear Flow-Spherical Flow
119. For 2 point each, which are the solutions to the Diffusivity Equation?
Transient radial flow, constant rate production from a line source well, both
without skin factor and with skin factor and wellbore storage.
Pseudosteady state radial flow, constant rate production from a cylindrical
source well in a closed reservoir.
Steady state radial flow, constant rate production from cylindrical source well in
a reservoir with constant pressure outer boundaries.
Transient linear flow, constant rate production from hydraulically fractured well.
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120. This term means a summation of all individual parts that contribute to the total
system.
Superposition in space.
121. Explain the superposition in space when you have a well near a fault?
1. First set up the appropriate image wells and fault configuration.
2. Also we can now consider this as a multiwell problem form of superposition.
122. A f test is conducted by producing a well at a known rate or rates while
measuring changes in bottomhole pressure (BHP) as a function of time
A pressure-drawdown test.
What information you could obtain with these test?
Permeability
Skin Factor
Flow Efficiency
123. How are drilling fluids categorized according to their continuous phase?*
_ Water-based fluids
_ Oiled based fluids
_ Pneumatic (gas) fluids
124. How are water-based fluids classificated?
_ Inhibitive
_ Noninhibitive
_ Polymers
125. Mention 3 of the most common types of additives used in water-based muds?*
_ Clays, polymers, weighting agents, uid- loss-control additives, dispersants or
thinners, inorganic chemicals, lost-circulation materials, and surfactants
126. Which is the best known additive in drilling fluids for viscosity to lubricate and
cool the bit?
Bentonite.
127. What is the chemical name for bentonite?
Sodium montmorillonite.
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