Value

Values are deep-seated beliefs about what is right and wrong, good and bad.
It is that which is buried in the subconscious, and it silently guides everything we say
or do.
Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as
broad guidelines in all situations.
Some common business values are fairness, innovation and community involvement.

Important Human Values

Co-operation
It is the process of working together. It is very important in order to achieve a common goal.
Caring It is the kindness and concern for others. The true importance of this value comes
from the work or practice of looking after those unable to care for them. Caring for others
both physically and spiritually is a vitally important.
Honesty The idea of staying true to oneself. An honest person is often sincere and fair in
his/her work. Being an honest person it brings more reward to the soul.
Respect A feeling or understanding that someone or something is important,
Faith Strong belief or trust in someone or something
Trust It refers to the reliability and truth.
Integrity
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
Wisdom The quality of having experience and good judgment and the resulting soundness of
that action or decision.

Value Education
Value Education is the education that teaches you
How to live life well?
 How to find happiness?
How to make others happy?
How to manage all kinds of people and happenings as well as
How to grow and succeed in the right manner?

Objectives of Value Education:

a. To improve the integral growth of human begins.
b. To create attitudes and improvement towards sustainable lifestyle.
c. To increase awareness about our national history our cultural heritage, constitutional rights,
national integration, community development and environment.
d. To create and develop awareness about the values and their significance and role.
e. To know about various living and non-living organisms and their interaction with
environment.

Academic Education Vs Value Education

Without formal education, a person will not be able to read or write, he/she cannot get
a good job.
If a highly qualified, well-employed person does not know how to behave properly,
all that he or she does has little meaning and will not serve him or her well.
Only when a person has academics as well as good values he/she will be able to reach
great heights in life.

Example of Two Scientists

Alexander Fleming revolutionized medicine with his discovery of penicillin.
Alfred Nobel was the inventor of dynamite.

Whose Value is highest?

The scientist with character, a love for mankind and certain values, creates something
that can save hundreds of lives.
On the contrary, the other scientist creates something that can destroy entire cities and
cause pain.

Classification of Values
(1) valueinuse
The values that are available in plenty and can only be used but cannot be bought is said to be
value-in-use. Eg: air, rain and sunshine have valueinuse, they do not have valuein
exchange. They are uncontrollable by man.
(2) valuein exchange.
For a good to have value inexchange, it must possess utility, it must be scarce in relation to
demand and it must be possible for us to exchange it.
In other words, all economic goods have value-in-exchange. Eg. Money. For purchase of any
commodity we use money as a medium of exchange.

(3) Moral Values

Moral values refer to a set of principles that guide an individual on how to evaluate
right versus wrong.
 People generally apply moral values to justify decisions, intentions and actions, and it
also defines the personal character of a person.
An individual with high moral values typically displays characteristics of integrity,
courage, respect, fairness, honesty and compassion
Eg: Be honest and trustworthy, Be fair and just
(4) Social Values:
'Social Values' form an important part of the culture of a society. Social values, norms
and institutions explain the way in which social processes operate in a given society.
They are the social sources of patterned interaction.
Values account for the stability of the social order. They provide the general
guidelines for conduct. In doing so, they facilitate social control. Values are the
criteria people use in assessing their daily lives, arranging their priorities, measuring
their pleasures and pains, choosing between alternative courses of action.
Eg: Equality, respect for others, peace, truth.
(5) Spiritual Values
The values which benefits our souls, motivates us toward worship, and connects us
consciously (or perhaps even unconsciously) with the God.
Spiritual values are the way you believe in your own god and if you have any rules
like praying before you eat, doing pooja before commencing a work.
Spiritual Values enables a man to be honest, truthful, committed to work, strait
forward, etc.

Sources of Values
The sources of values are:
1. Family
2. Friends and Peers
3. School
4. Religious centres
5. Community/Society
6. Media

Good Manners
1: When asking for something, say "Please."
2: When receiving something, say "Thank you." Be especially appreciative and say "thank
you" for any gift you receive.
3: Do not interrupt people who are speaking with each other unless there is an emergency.
They will notice you and respond when they are finished talking.
4: If you do need to get somebody's attention right away, the phrase "excuse me" is the most
polite way for you to enter the conversation.
5: When you have any doubt about doing something, ask permission first. It can save you
from many hours of grief later.
6: Never speak about negative things. Be positive in your thoughts and approaches.
7: Do not comment on other people's physical characteristics unless, of course, it's to
compliment them, which is always welcome.
8: When people ask you how you are, tell them and then ask them how they are.
9: When you have spent time at a friend's house, remember to thank your hosts for having
you over and for the good time you had.
10: Knock on closed doors -- and wait to see if there's a response -- before entering.
11: When you make a phone call, introduce yourself first and then ask if you can speak with
the person you are calling.
12: Use a quiet voice inside, especially in places like restaurants.
13: Never use foul language in front of people if you don't know if it will bother them.
14: Address people with respect.
15: Do not make fun of anyone for any reason. Teasing shows others you are weak, and
ganging up on someone else is cruel.
16: Even if an event is boring, sit through it quietly and pretend that you are interested. The
performers and presenters are doing their best.
17: If you bump into somebody, immediately say "Excuse me."
18: Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
19: As you walk through a door, look to see if you can hold it open for someone else.
20: Help others out when you can.
21: When someone helps you, say "thank you."
22: When someone asks you to do something, try to do it without grumbling and with a
smile. You have a right to say no, you should be polite and offer a good reason if you do. If
someone asks you to do something that feels dangerous or wrong, it's okay to say no and not
be polite to keep yourself safe.
23: Use eating utensils properly. If you are unsure how to do so, ask someone to teach you or
watch what people you respect do.
24: Keep a napkin on your lap; use it to wipe your mouth when necessary.
25: Don't reach for things at the table; ask to have them passed.
26: Chew with your mouth closed.
27: If you hurt someone, say "I'm sorry" and try to find a way to make it better.
28: Don't hurt people on purpose.
29: Don't use people's things without permission.
30: Treat others the way you'd like to be treated.

Alcoholism
Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence," is a disease that includes alcohol craving
and continued drinking despite repeated alcohol-related problems, such as losing a job or
getting into trouble with the law. It includes four symptoms:
Craving -- A strong need, or compulsion, to drink.
 Impaired control -- The inability to limit one's drinking on any given occasion.
Physical dependence -- Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness,
and anxiety, when alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking.
Tolerance -- The need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.

Dangerous effects
Even a small amount of alcohol can cause health problems in your body. When you
drink, alcohol is absorbed into your bloodstream and distributed throughout your
body.
Alcohol consumption causes physical and emotional changes that can do great harm
to your body. The long-term effects of alcohol abuse are many, putting your health in
serious trouble and endangering your life.
Excessive alcohol use can cause the pancreas to produce toxic substances that
interfere with proper functioning. The resulting inflammation is called pancreatitis, a
serious problem that can destroy the pancreas. One of the most frequent causes of
chronic pancreatitis is alcohol abuse.
Alcohol cause damage nervous system which will result in pain, numbness, or
abnormal sensations. Alcoholism can cause a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, which
can result in involuntary rapid eye movements, weakness, or paralysis of the eye
muscles.
An immune system weakened by alcohol abuse has a hard time fighting off viruses,
germs, and all types of illness. Heavy drinkers are more likely to get pneumonia or
tuberculosis than the general population. Chronic alcohol use increases your risk of
many forms of cancer.
Smoking
It is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted
and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of
the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small,
round cylinder called a "cigarette"

Dangerous effects
Nicotine from cigarettes is as addictive as heroin. Nicotine addiction is hard to beat
because it changes your brain. The brain develops extra nicotine receptors to
accommodate the large doses of nicotine from tobacco. When the brain stops getting
the nicotine its used to, the result is nicotine withdrawal. One may feel anxious,
irritable, and have strong cravings for nicotine.
Hearing loss. Smoking reduces the oxygen supply to the cochlea, a snail-shaped organ
in the inner ear. This may result in permanent damage to the cochlea and mild to
moderate hearing loss.
Blindness and night vision. Smoking causes physical changes in the eyes that can
threaten your eyesight. Nicotine from cigarettes restricts the production of a chemical
necessary for you to be able to see at night. Also, smoking increases the risk of
developing cataracts and macular degeneration (both can lead to blindness).
Smokers have more oral health problems than non-smokers, like mouth sores, ulcers
and gum disease. One may more likely to get cancers of the mouth and throat.
Smoking raises the blood pressure and puts stress on heart. Over time, stress on the
heart can weaken it, making it less able to pump blood to other parts of the body.
Carbon monoxide from inhaled cigarette smoke also contributes to a lack of oxygen,
 making the heart work even harder. This increases the risk of heart disease, including
heart attacks.
Smoking causes inflammation in the small airways and tissues of the lungs. This can
make the chest feel tight or feel short of breath.
Smoking causes cancer.
Cigarette smoke contains high levels of tar and other chemicals, which can make the
immune system less effective at fighting off infections. This means one is more likely
to get sick.

Drug Abuse
Drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting takes more than good intentions or a strong
will. In fact, because drugs change the brain in several ways and quitting is difficult, even for
those who are ready to do so. Drug abuse and addiction have negative consequences for
individuals and for society.

Dangerous effects
Taking a recreational drug causes a surge in levels of neuro transmitter in the brain,
which trigger feelings of pleasure. The brain remembers these feelings and wants
them repeated.
If one becomes addicted, the substance takes on the same significance as other
survival behaviors, such as eating and drinking.
Changes in the brain interfere with the ability to think clearly, exercise good
judgment, control behavior, and feel normal without drugs.
The uncontrollable craving to use grows more important than anything else, including
family, friends, career, and even your own health and happiness.
The urge to use is so strong that the mind finds many ways to deny or rationalize the
addiction.

Suicide
It is the action of killing oneself intentionally. Many people think that committing is the only
way of escaping from a problem. Depression is the major cause for suicide. Further to this
causes of suicide are as follows.

The death of a loved one.

A divorce, separation, or breakup of a relationship
A serious loss, such as a loss of a job, house, or money.
A serious illness.
A serious accident.
Chronic physical pain.
Intense emotional pain.
Loss of hope.
Feeling that things will never "get better."
Feeling helpless.
Serious legal problems, such as criminal prosecution
Alcohol abuse.
Drug abuse.
 A feeling of not being accepted by family, friends, or society.
A horrible disappointment.

Teachings of Hinduism

The earth can be seen as a manifestation of the goddess, and must be treated with respect.
The five elements -- space, air, fire, water and earth -- are the foundation of an
interconnected web of life .
Dharma -- often translated as "duty" -- can be reinterpreted to include our responsibility to
care for the earth .
Simple living is a model for the development of sustainable economies.
Our treatment of nature directly affects our karma.

Teachings of Islam
Prayer (Salat) This is the duty of every Muslim (able to do so). The prescribed ritual
prayers five times daily, at prescribed times, with the prescribed posture, have to be
observed
The giving of alms (Zakat) is a religious duty and should amount to not less than
2.5% of the income above ones needs.
Keeping the Fast during the month of Ramadaan (Sawm) is a duty for all, except the
sick, travellers, pregnant women, nursing mothers and children. The fast is to last
from the rising of the sun until sunset.
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) is required once in a lifetime during the month of Zu'l-
Hijjah, if the means allow this. There is also a minor pilgrimage (Umra), which is
performed at other times. We ought to realize that very considerable cost is involved
in a pilgrimage, quite apart from the travel fare.

Teachings of Christianity
Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain
Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy
Honor your father and mother
Do not kill
Do no commit adultery
Do not steal
Do not bear false witness against your neighbour
Do not covet your neighbours possessions

Religious harmony
Religious harmony is a concept that indicates that there is love, affection in between different
religions in India. The Indian constitution supports and encourages religious harmony. In
India, every citizen has a right to choose and practice any religion. There are examples of
Muslims and Sikhs building temples. In India, different religious traditions "live
harmoniously. Seers of religions call for religious harmony in India..For popular film stars in
India like Salman Khan, festivals of Hindus and Muslims are equal. According to Dalai
Lama, India is a model for religious harmony.
Message from the life of Swami Vivekananda
Message from the life of Kamarajar
Message from the life of Mother Teresa
Message from the life of Mahatma Gandhi
Message from the life of Subramanya Bharathi
Message from the life of Indira Gandhi

Human Rights
The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are considered to be entitled, often held to
include the rightsto life, liberty, equality, and a fair trial, freedom from slavery and torture, a
nd freedom of thought and expression.
The right to an adequate standard of living
The right to adequate food, housing, water and sanitation
The rights you have at work
The right to education

Human Rights Organization

Many organizations around the world dedicate their efforts to protecting human rights and
ending human rights abuses. Major human rights organizations maintain extensive websites
documenting violations and calling for remedial action, both at a governmental and grass-
roots level. Public support and condemnation of abuses is important to their success,
as human rights organizations are most effective when their calls for reform are backed by
strong public advocacy.

6 Fundamental Rights of India:

1. Right to equality
2. Right to freedom
3. Right against exploitation
4. Right to freedom of religion
5. Right to cultural expression and education
6. Right to constitutional remedies

Right to Equality
Every citizen is the same under the law. This means that men and women are equal no matter
what religion or caste they belong to. The law will treat a brahmin woman the same way that
it would treat a Christian man if they were to break the law.

Right to Freedom
The law allows the citizens of India to criticize the government and its policies. They can
organise themselves however they choose and carry out their daily lives in any way they
seem fit (within limits of course). In short, people are able to exist without fear of a higher
force such as the government.

Right against Exploitation

To be exploited is to be misused. Children and poor people are especially vulnerable to being
exploited. This fundamental right ensures things like education for children and equal pay for
equal work.
Right to freedom of religion
Every citizen can practice their religion of choice. Everyone is free to do whatever their
religion tells them to do. So Muslims fast during Ramzan, Christians during Lent and Hindus
during Navaratri. However, in following our religion we should not forget that other people
are free to follow theirs and that this is no reason to fight.

Cultural and educational rights

These rights are especially laid down to protect minorities. These are groups of people who
are less in number or live in remote areas or have been downtrodden by the traditional
society. This includes certain castes and tribes who live in forests, away from developed big
cities. Even the Dalits or the small religious groups like the Parsis are minorities. They have a
fundamental right to enjoy all the benefits that the majority of citizens enjoy.

Right to constitutional remedies

Every citizen has equal right to appeal to the court of law for justice if there is a threat to his
life or property or to join the government in order to affect this change.

National Integration
National integration is a process by which divisive people and culture are synthesized into a
unified whole. It is a process of harmony, common identity and above all national
consciousness.
National integration consolidates all the diverse loyalties into one national unity. Nation and
national consideration overpower all other sectarian, regional and communal considerations.
National integration has been described as a psychological and educational process involving
the development of common feeling of unity, solidarity and cohesion in the hearts of people,
a sense of common citizenship and a feeling of loyalty to the nation.

Principles of National Integration:

1. Nation and national loyalty supersedes all other types of loyalties such as caste, religion,
region etc.
2. National integration is to be viewed as a sea into which the diverse rivers of culture flow.
3. National integration is a comprehensive process which includes cultural as well as political
integration. Political integration is maintained by safeguarding administrative unity, universal
legal system, protection of states territory etc. Cultural integration is achieved through
reconciliation and mutual consensus of diverse groupings, religions, values etc.
4. It does away with divisive forces and disintegrating tendencies.
5. In a plural society, it requires ideological goals such as secularism and democracy.
National integration includes nation-building and State-building which means doing away
with the boundaries which divide the society on tribal communal, racial, casteist, linguistic or
regional lines on the one hand and territorial integrity which implies the absence of
secessionist and separatist forces on the other.
National integration implies a sense of belongingness as feeling of togetherness and of unity.
It is a process in which people of a nation are made to know, feel and act as people of one
nation. A person should have a set of loyalties such as loyalty to the State he lives, to his
region, religion, language etc. But national loyalty is primary.
National integration stands for mutual tolerance. It includes political, social, cultural and even
also requires secularism and democracy.
India is a country of diversity in peoples races, religions, languages, castes, etc however
unity is also seen here many times under the influence of common territory, history and
continuous fight for the freedom from British rule. Britishers followed many years the policy
of Divide and Rule in India in order to continue their ruling power over India. However the
unity of Indian people from different races, religions and castes makes possible to run away
the Britishers. However, after independence disintegration took place which divided India
into Bharat and Pakistan.
Indian is a land of various religious communities like Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims, Christians,
Jains, Buddhists and Parses. National integration is possible here only when each community
live peacefully together, appreciate other community, love people of other community and
respect culture and tradition of others. People from each community should observe their
fairs, festivals and other great days peacefully. Each community should help each other and
share the celebration of religious festivals. Any religious community should not do anything
bad which is banned or prohibited in other religious community.
People of different religions speak different languages like Hindi, English, Urdu, Oriya,
Bengali, Assamese, Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi, etc. There should be equality among people
of all religions and same facility for students of all castes. National integration in India is an
immediate need in the modern time to bring equality among people of all races and equal
growth and development of all communities for the ultimate development of the country.
Indian government has founded the Council of National Integration in the hope that people
living here would co-operate in fulfilling the purpose of its all programmes.
National integration is one combining group of all the people living of the nation to make a
single identity. National integration is a particular sentiment which binds people together into
one common bond of nation without noticing the religion, caste, background or language. We
should identify ourselves as people of India not as from particular religion or caste. India is a
big country having vast population of various creed and castes. It is a heritage rich country
however we cannot say it a country having unity of people. It is possible through the huge
awareness of the youths of the country. As a youth, we are the future of our country so we
should fully understand our responsibility towards our nation and do all the required activities
needed for the national integration.

Role of Women in Society

A woman plays variety of great roles in everyones life in various forms by being involved in
various relationships. From her birth till her end of life, she plays various roles as a daughter,
sister, wife and mother.
Women occupy a pivotal role in the growth and development of the society and making it an
advanced and modern society. There is a famous saying by the Brigham Young that, You
educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation.
Educating and giving power to the women is of great importance which needs to be followed
in the society to bring women empowerment and development of society. Because it is true
that, if a man is getting educated and empowered, only he can be benefitted however if a
woman is getting educated and empowered, whole family and society can be benefitted.
Women are not things which can be neglected because of their less power and authority
instead they should be empowered and promoted to get higher education. Women are the half
population of the world mean half power of the world. If women of any country are not
empowered mean that country is lack of half power. By nature, women play their all the roles
with great responsibilities and have capability to make a healthy family, solid society and
powerful country. Lots of efforts have been done however still women are backward and
limited to home activities. We need to understand that if an uneducated woman may handle
home properly then why not a well educated woman can lead the whole country like men.
Without woman nothing is possible for men, they are basic unit of the society, they make a
family, family make a home, home make a society and ultimately societies make a country.
So the contribution of a woman is everywhere from taking birth and giving birth to a child to
the care for whole life and other areas. All the roles and responsibilities of the women can
never be neglected by the societies. Without education and women empowerment no
development is possible in the family, society and country. Women know well how to talk,
how to behave, how to deal with people of different classes, etc. She knows to handle all the
situations because she knows well the basic fundamentals of a good society and play her roles
politely as a main contributor in building a strong society.
The Indian government also has played great role in the women empowerment by
implementing various rules and regulations. The ancient time trends such as female foeticide,
dowry deaths, early child marriage, domestic abuse, child labour, etc have been banned by
the government which has really improved the women status in the society.

Women and Health

Women have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and
mental health. The enjoyment of this right is vital to their life and well-being and their ability
to participate in all areas of public and private life. Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Women's
health involves their emotional, social and physical well-being and is determined by the
social, political and economic context of their lives. In national and international forums,
women have emphasized that to attain optimal health throughout the life cycle, equality,
including the sharing of family responsibilities, development and peace are necessary
conditions.

Violence against women in India

Violence against women in India is going side by side to the technological improvement in
modern world in the country. Violence to the women is of various types and can happen at
any place like home, public place or office. It is the big issue related to the women which
cannot be ignored as it is hindering almost one half growth of the country. Women in the
Indian society have always been considered as the things of enjoyment from the ancient time.
They have been victims of the humiliation, exploitation and torture by the men from the time
of social organization and family life.
Women in India have been victims of violence from many years in almost all the societies,
regions, cultures and religious communities. Women in the Indian society have to bear
variety of violence such as domestic, public, physical, social, emotional and mental. Violence
against women is clearly seen in the history to a large extent which is still getting practiced
without any positive change. Women in India were enjoying a quite comfortable position all
through the Vedic period however; the condition got declined gradually because of the
practice of violence against women all through the country. On the other hand, with the
increasing level of violence against women they started losing their educational, social,
political, economic, and cultural opportunities in the society.
Violence against women in the country is getting more frequent and alarmingly with huge
sound. It is creating pressure and heavy responsibility over the shoulders of social workers.
However, there is urgent need for women to be empowered and responsible to themselves in
order to understand all the rights and take benefits.