FIELD WORK 4

LAYING OF A COMPOUND CURVE USING

TRANSIT AND TAPE

Actual

Course and Section: CE121F/C11 50

Submitted by: James Vincent B. Go
Presentation
Name: Go, James Vincent B.
Student No.:2015105857
19
Group No.: 3
Report
Date of Fieldwork: November 8, 2017
Date Submitted: November 25, 2017

Final Grade
Submitted to:

__Engr. Rodmar Santoalla__

Instructor
 I. Introduction

We need curves to enable smooth passage of vehicles from one straight section of
a highway or a railway to another. The track or road usually curves n both the horizontal
and vertical planes. The design and setting out of such curves is an important aspect of
surveying. Curves will be required wherever there is a change in direction except for
transmission lines in which abrupt angular changes are allowed.

Combination of two or more simple circular curves of different radius having their
curvature in the same direction. Also, A curve that is made up of a series of successive
tangent circular arcs is called a compound curve. Essentially, a compound curve consists
of two curves that are joined at a point of tangency and are located on the same side of
a common tangent. Though their radii are in the same direction, they are of different
values. Compound curves are to be provided in the situation when there is a restriction
of space for a single simple circular curve. They are usually found in the design of
interchange loops and ramps.

The principle field work is the same as in the first field work except that we did two
simple curves this time by incremental chord and deflection angle method.

II. Objectives
1. To be able to lay a compound curve by incremental chords and deflection
angle method.
2. To master the skill in leveling, orienting and using the theodolite
effectively.
3. To work cooperatively with ones group mates and efficiently perform the
required task.
III. Instruments

usually painted in alternating red and white color. Used by

engineers for sighting and supports for measuring by tape

Range Poles

used to measure distances with a maximum of 50 meters

50-m tape

a precision instrument for measuring angles in the

horizontal and vertical planes.

Theodolite
IV. Procedures

1. The professor gives the following data:

R1 = 15 m R2 = 18 m
I1 = 30 I2 = 35

Station of PC: 30+017.5(Preferably not a full station so that there will be

c1 and c2)
Adopt full chord length of 2 m (Preferably 2m to 5m)

2. Compute the elements of the compound curve given the data above.

3. Set the theodolite at PC. Level and orient the theodolite at the magnetic south
while horizontal vernier is at zero reading.

4. Sight the location of the vertex V1 following the given direction of the back
tangent T1 and mark the location on the ground at a distance T1 from PC.

5. Set the horizontal vernier to zero again and start locating intermediate points of
the first curve until you reach PCC using incremental chord lengths and their
deflection angles from the backward tangent.

6. Upon reaching PCC, transfer the instrument at PCC.

7. Again level the instrument and with the telescope inverted position, sight V1
8. After locating V1, plunge the telescope into the normal position and locate V2
which is along the line from V1 to PCC, and at a computed distance T 2 from PCC.

9. Drive the pin directly on V2

10. Once again, set the horizontal verier at zero reading while sighting the position
of V2.

11. Using the incremental chord lengths and their deflection angles, lay intermediate
points of the second curve on the ground until you reach PT.
V. Computations
 FINAL DATA SHEET
FIHLD WORK NO' 4 LAYING OF A COMPOUND CURVE USING
TRANSIT AND TAPE
DATE:NaI l,zot-l GROUp NO. 6
TIME: ll: 0s' 1 ' 6,6 LOCATION :/Uapio
firouad,t
WEATHER: AAr/vy eROFESSOa: fi)r Aodmqr
DATA SUPPLIED. J6\}OAIIq

RF /5, m Rz= lp m
lF 60' =--{6"
1,
Backward Tangent d-irectionl_
(azimuth or bearing)
Station of the PC. @l-Q0J-fpreteraori not a fuil
station Io that there wi1 be
Adopt Fuil chord teng
m (preferaOfy Zm io Sml
c1 and c2)

STA TION
INCREMENTAL CENTRAL
INCREMENTAL DEFLECTTQN
OCCUPIED OBSERVED CHORD
ANGI trQ ANG!-ES
Pc 0 -t0 tP 0.5 / qoqq
pr
A t)zr; /- --4416-
4 fao
0fc27 2 /. 61 U/
t'/

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t6

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n {,ot
U/' ,59 / 3tf /tr
t u2lh r
PCC
>c(
v
A^r^
/f c96 / c2?
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te .r"/ 7 4 otz
DfL U/^
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.UL
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2 ', 3A?/ __J 3?8
u I (/- )L 2
)CC , .- A
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tA (Jln / / /0 ,32
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U IL,'Jb 2 (" ZL4s /b qrz
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/7.,

C0MPUTED LENGTH oF THE

6 ACTUAL: 7. 73r
cHoRD c1: 7.7
COMPUTED LENGTH OF TFIE CHORD C2: /O.
89 ACTUAL: /Q. {' lh
-
coMpurED LENGTH OF THE COMPOUND CHORD pC T0 pr; /7. p6
3 ACTUAL: /2n

SIGNATURE OF SI'UDENT

ADVANCED SURVEYII.JG
27
VII. Sketch
VIII. Application

Curves are usually provided whenever a road changes its direction from right to S
or changes its alignment from up to down. Curves are critical element in the pavement
design. They are provided with a maximum speed limit that should lie followed very
strictly. Following the speed limit becomes essential as the exceed in speed may lead to
the chances of the vehicle becoming out of control while negotiating a turn and thus
increase the odds of fatal accidents. Also, it is very necessary that appropriate measures
be adopted at all horizontal and vertical curves to make the infrastructure road user
friendly and decrease the risk of hazardous circumstances.

IX. Conclusion

In this field work, we were able to lay out a compound curve by doing two simple
curves continuously using the incremental chords and deflection angle method. Laying
out a compound curve is like laying out two simple curves and possibly be more than two.
The things I have learned in the classroom were demonstrated and that helped me
understand the topic better. Compound curves are everywhere, we have them even in
our houses but do not notice them, and they are of great help and convenience to all of
us.
Our group again aimed to have the least possible percentage of error so it took us
more time to finish the field work. The field work did turn out well for actual values were
close to the computed values, some were even equal. Smaller values of radii and full chord
lengths contributed to the success of this field work since sagging of the tape was
minimized. Errors in this field work may be caused by inaccurate reading of the vernier of
the theodolite and range poles may not be held vertically when measuring the chord
lengths. This field work can be improved by taking note of the possible sources of error
by the time we did it.
X. Recommendation

I recommend that this fieldwork must be done carefully to prevent errors such as
inaccuracy in measuring.
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