2) United States Patent
Anderson
(S4)_‘TESTING IMBIBITION OF FL
D
(75) Inveator: Valerfe Anderson, Hardwick (GB)
(73) Assignce: Schlumberger Technology:
(Corporation, Sugar Land, TX (US)
(#) Notice: Subject wo any disclaimer the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
USC. 154{b) by 343 days,
(21) Appl. Nos 13844835
(22) Filed: Jul. 9, 2012
os) Prior Publication Data
US 20180014561. AL Jan, 17,2013
G0) Foreign Application Priority Data
Jul. 12,2011 (GB) 11119369)
(Sb Ineek
GOIN 1508 (2006.01)
GIN 3324 (2006.01)
(2) US.CL
cee GOIN 33724 201301)
usPc 138
(58) Field of Classification Search
cP GOIN 15/08; GOIN 33/24
usp Tiss
See application file for complet search history
656) References Cited
US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
S201 A 2 LIBS Witey 8
AS 11103 Bloch et a 738
A * 101997 Lenora a ras
A+ 121907 Dengter ta 738
'US008939015B2
(10) Patent No.
4s) Date of Patent:
US 8,939,015 B2
Jan. 27, 2015
S857 A V1999 Lemaire
7aGKSS) B2* 122008 Egermann et al m8
Rigodogo 12" “92011 Flr etal 738
(OTHER PUBLICATIONS
54012 Chena iéa2soon
Combined Search an Examination Report of British Patent Appi
‘ation Serial No. 11119369 dated Ot 18,2011: pp. 15
Al-Alta."Expajimntal study of spontaneous opllary imbibition ia
{elected carbonate cre sapien fouenl of Petroleum Seiene at
Engineering, 2010, 01. 0: p. 320-326
Bachmann ef al "Extended methodology for determining weting
[ropes of pofous media” Water Resources Reseuch, 2003, 90)
S012) pp SBHUL-L-SBH I-14
Dang-WWetal,"Westablity determination of sls slate fom
sands” Colloids and Serfees A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspests, 20,
ol 337; pp. 80-90,
Hammont ct, "Sponincons and Forced Imbibiton of Aguess
‘Watutty Alling Surfactant Solution into am Tally Ox-Wet
CCapilary.” Langmi, 209. wl. 2521) pp, 12591-12603
Hammond eta. “Forced and Spontsneotibbiton of Sunictant
Solution nt an Oi: Wet Capillary The Elects of Sarfati
sion Ahcadofthe Advancing Meniscus" Langmuiz 2010 vo. 26()
pp. 6206621
(Continved)
Primary Examiner — Daniel S Larkin
6
A convenient method of testing imbibition of one or more
imbibant fluids by « matrix of paticles with fluid already
‘herein, comprises making body 4 of packea particles with
matrix fluid filling the interstices between the particles,
placing an imbibant Muidin each of a plurality of capillaries 6
7. pata inserting cach capillary int the body 480 that part
cof the capillary ith imbibant id therein projets from the
body 4 and observing time for uid to be taken from each
capillary into the body. The method allows comparison of
multiple imbiban fuids by placing each uid ina respective
apllay.
ABSTRACT
6 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets US 8,939,015 B2
Page 2
66) References Cited
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Hammond cal, “Spontancous imbibition of Surfictat Solution
into an Oi-Wee Capillary: Wetabity Restortion by Surfactant
‘Contaminant Completation;” Langmui 2011, vol. 27 pp. 4412-
4409,
Hapgood etal ,“Drop Penetration nto Porous Powder Bes” Journal
‘of clo and Interface Sense, 2002, vl. 253: pp. 353366.
-Karimaic ot al, “Exponent investigation of oil covery ding
‘water imbibition” Journal of Petoleum Science and Engineeing,
2006, vol. $2: pp. 297-304
‘Wu et al, “An Experimental Study of Wetting. Behavior and
‘Surfctant EOR in Carbonaes With Mot Compounds” SPE Jour
‘al, 2008, vo. 131} pp. 26-34
* cited by examiner US 8,939,015 B2
Sheet 1 of 2
Jan. 27, 2015
U.S, Patent
Fig 2
Fig 1
us
SI
XGWyj
‘20
Fig 3
22
14, US. Patent Jan, 27, 2015 Sheet 2 of 2 US 8,939,015 B2
ani
|
a
A
400 «—— 0% CTAB: 402s
350;
300; .
250, cmc
200;
150:
|
100: ' :
50,
|
ol
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Surfactant concentration (wt%) _
Fig5
Imbibition times (sec) US 8,939,015 B2
1
‘TESTING IMBIBITION OF FLUID
(CROSS-REPERENCE TO RELATED
APPLICATION
‘This application claims priority to British Patent Appi
tion Serial No. GB1111936.9 filed Jul. 12, 2011, which is
ncomporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE
INVENTION
‘This inveation relates wo testing the imbibition of Muid by a
porous material which already contains another fv.
Although the invention is not necessarily limited to a specific
pplication, itis use for testing the imbibition of uid by
the rock of an oil reservoit, Such testing, may’ be required
when itis intended to recover ol by injeting another Mui,
Injecting « Mud to displace ol and driveitoutofa reservoir
may be done in the context of producing heavy oil from nn
underground reservoir orin thecontext of eahanced oil recov
‘ry allerinitial production has partially depleted the reservoir.
Its desirable and indeed may be it essential that itis ener
aetically fivorable for the injected fluid to enter the roek
pores
For instanee, il reservoirs which are naturally fractured
‘carbonate rock often comprise high-permeability fractures in
Jow-permeabilty matrix rock. water flooding process may
beusedto drivecil ftom the reservoir. Insucha process, water
js pumpedintothe reservoir displace the ail forcing itaway
from the injection well towards adjacent wells from which it
Js produced. Ifthe matrix is water-wet (i. iis energetically
favorable for water to enter the matrix) then water-fhooding
‘can bean elfective means of recovering more oil. However if
the matrix is oil- wer (ie, itis energetically unfavorable for
‘water t0 enter the matrix) water-fooding is not effective
bocatse the water flaws in the fractures and cannot be Forced
through the porous rack mati,
In such eases oil can be produced by pumping a fluid (the
Jmbibant) which is spontaneously imbibed by the rock matrix
{the imbibor) An aqueous imbibant oid may be a surfactant
solution but other fluids such as brines may also be consid-
‘ered, Spontaneous imbibition of an aqueous solution inte aa
‘il-bearing rock matrix depends upon paramcters such asthe
‘wettability ofthe rock, the interactions between the fuid and
there, andthe intemctons between the fii and the in-ita
oil These interaetions ean be difficult vo quantify.
‘When itis intended to use an injected fd to displace of
itis desirable to test imbibition and optimize the fui forthe
reservcirrock and the existing reservoir fui. I the imbibant
js a surfactant solution and the imbibor is an oil-bearing
reservoir rock (which also is ikey to contain a formation
brine), the surfactant may be absorbed into the oil or the
ormation brine, onto the oil-imbibant interface, or onto the
imbibor pore surlace.
‘Tests to look a solated interactions (eg, measurements of
surface tension, or measurements of surfactant adsorption
‘onto mineral surface) may becarriedout and theresults wed,
'o predict the combined effect ofthe interactions. However, it
‘gals uselul to make a direct experimental test of imbibition
‘of fluid by the porous reservoir matrix. This is customarily
‘done by the Amoat cal tot whichis carried ou by immeesing,
‘sample ofthe porous medium in the id and measuring the
‘amount of fluid that it imbibes or the amount of oil that is
produced from the sample, However, a rock core (or slice of
‘a rock) is needed for each test which may last several days
o
2
(oot including preparation time). These tests can be tn
consuming and may needa lot of material
‘There have heen proposals for experimental methods in
\whieha droplet of waters placed ona porous material whieh
is ry, so that its pore space isfilled only with ag, and the tn
forthe droplet to penetrate into the porous material is mea-
sured, This has been proposed as a measurement ofthe Wet-
‘ability ofthe porous material which is ust neo the param-
cers mentioned above whic affect imbibition,
“The present inventor points out tha the result in such atest
is affected by the area of contact hesween water droplet and
the porous material and cannot provides true measurement of
bition
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides @ method of testing imbibition of |
‘an imbibant fluid by a matrix of particles witha uid therein
‘comprising making # body of packed particles witha matrix
‘id fling the interstices berwoen the paricles, placing aa
imbibant fluid in a capillary. paral insening the capillary
ito the body, so that part of the capillary with iexbibant Mid
‘therein project fom the body aac observing time for fui to
be taken from the capillary into the body. Use of a capillary
facilitates. observation of imbibition: what is_directly
‘observed isthe postion of the liquid surfiee in capillary.
embodiments, the observation made may be the time forthe
surlace of the liguid in a capillary fo move between Wo
‘marked points on the capillary. In some embodiments, the
‘internal diameter of a capillary les ina range from 0:5 mm to
2mm,
‘A body of packed rock particles with matrix Muid inthe
interstices provides a model of underground porous rock. The
natrixfuid may be hydrophobic, for example a hydrocarbon
oil, or it may be hydrophilic, for example a saline solution or
it may contain both hydrophilic and hyrophobie liquids. In
some embodiments the matrix fluid is a hydrocarbon oil
‘phase comprising at least 90 wt % hydrocarbon ol and the
Jmbibant Bid isan aque solution,
"Anaddvantage of tis test method is tha itcan be caried ut
snore rapidly than an Amott cell test, so, less material is
‘required. The contact area between the imbibaat uid and the
body of packed particles is dependent om capillary sie and
‘not onthe size ofa droplet, Thus use ofa capillary avoids the
problem that droplet size isa variable that caanot be fully
controlled, Moreover, is possible to run multiple test con-
‘currently by inserting a number of capillaries into the body of
partclesat different positions multiple caplariesare sed,
Some or all of them may eontain different imbibant fds
Provided they are spaced apar from one another, the imi
tion of fui from each one will nt interfere wih the others.
Inthis way the rat of imbibition of several different imbibant
‘ids can be compared directly, These uids might Tor
instanee differ in one or more of surfactant type, surfactant
concentration salt type and salt concentration. Its of eourse
possible that phrality of capillaries could contain the same
hid, in onder to obtain more than one measurement, and
further capillaries could contain one or more
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