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Children first learn to interpret sentences Children acquire facts about particular
by acquiring verb-specific knowledge. words, but are also constrained to
represent knowledge of sentence
structure in terms of a more abstract
mental vocabulary.
4s (blank) 4s 4s
Theres a
duck! x3 Find the duck! Find the duck!
4s (blank) 4s 4s
Theres a Find the Find the
bunny! x3 bunny! bunny!
experiment 1 > method > procedure > practice 1
(blank) (blank)
5s
The bunnys gonna hug the duck!
Correct video - bunny hugging duck Wrong video - bunny washing duck
8s
The bunnys hugging the duck! The bunnys hugging the duck!
(blank) (blank)
4s
The bunny hugged the duck!
Correct video - bunny hugging duck Wrong video - bunny washing duck
8s
The bunnys hugging the duck!
experiment 1 > method > procedure > practice 2
(blank) (blank)
5s
The ducks gonna feed the bunny!
Correct video - duck feeding bunny Wrong video - duck tickling bunny
8s
The ducks feeding the bunny! The ducks feeding the bunny!
(blank) (blank)
4s
The duck fed the bunny!
Correct video - duck feeding bunny Wrong video - duck tickling bunny
8s
The ducks feeding the bunny!
experiment 1 > method > procedure > test
(blank) (blank)
5s
The ducks gonna gorp the bunny!
(blank) (blank)
4s
The duck gorped the bunny!
The children looked longer than expected at the correct video, even with a
novel verb
suggests that the children used knowledge of English word order
Strong preference for the matching screen during the first 2-s segment
2-year-olds made rapid use of word order
experiment 2
experiment 2
object
patient
experiment 2
the girl bent forward and back by the boy rotate the girl on a chair by
pushing and pulling his shoulder pulling on a band around her waist
Look longer
TEST sentence: The girl is gorping the boy
experiment 3
RESULT: they also looked longer at the video where the agent was
the subject of the test sentence
the girl bent forward and back by the boy rotate the girl on a chair by
pushing and pulling his shoulder pulling on a band around her waist
Look longer
TEST sentence: The girl is gorping the boy
subject
experiment 3
Do 21-month-olds (younger children) use word order to understand
transitive sentences containing novel verbs?
21-month-olds have very small vocabularies containing very few verbs.
the girl bent forward and back by the boy rotate the girl on a chair by
pushing and pulling his shoulder pulling on a band around her waist
the girl bent forward and back by the boy rotate the girl on a chair by
pushing and pulling his shoulder pulling on a band around her waist
the girl bent forward and back by the boy rotate the girl on a chair by
pushing and pulling his shoulder pulling on a band around her waist
RESULT: they looked longer at the video where the patient was the
direct object of test sentence
Like 2-year olds, 21-month olds also knew that the object was the one
undergoing an action, not causing one.
21-month-olds also used word order to comprehend transitive sentences
with novel verbs.
summary & discussion
summary & discussion
Subject/agent Object/patient
summary & discussion
Two classes
of theory
24-month 21-month
strengths