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PERCENT OF A NUMBER
32% of 100 =?
32% of 100 is 32. 87.9% of 100 is 87.9. 416% of 100 is 416. For as we saw
in Lesson 4, percent is an abbreviation for the Latin per centum, which means for
each 100. (Per means for each.) A percent is a number of hundredths.
Example 1. A store paid $100 for a jacket. It then raised the selling price by 28%. But
a week later it reduced that price by 10%. What was the final selling price?
Solution. 28% of $100 is $28. So the selling price became $128.
1
10% of that is $12.80. (Lesson 4.)
To subtract $12.80 from $128, round it off to $13:
$128 $13 = $115, plus $.20 is $115.20.
That was the final selling price.
2
Example 7. How much is 15% of $70??
Answer. 15% = 10% + Half of 10%
= $7.00 + $3.50
= $10.50.
See Lesson 4, Question 7: How can we take 10%?
Example 8. If you tip at the rate of 15%, and the bill is $40, how much do you leave?
Answer. 15% = 10% + Half of 10%
= $4.00 + $2.00
= $6.00.
In general:
= $14.40.
See Lesson 9, The distributive property of multiplication, Examples 5 and 6.
Example 11. How much is 40% of $90?
Solution 1. 4 times 9 is 36. 40% of $90 is $36.
Solution 2. 10% of $90 is $9. Therefore 40% is 4 times $9: $36.
Example 12. Vanessa is about to withdraw $3000 from her retirement account. But
20% will be withheld for taxes. How much will she actually receive?
Solution. Since 20% will be withheld, she will receive 80%. (The whole is 100%.) 80%
of $3000 is
.8 3000 = 2400.
(Lesson 10. The 0 of .80 is unnecessary. Lesson 3.)
She will receive $2400.
Example 13. How much is 80% of $45?
Solution 1. If we multiplied by .8, the answer would have one decimal digit.
.8 45 = 45 .8
= 4.5 8.
For it is easy to do 4.5 8, that is -- Four and a half times 8.
"Four times 8 is 32. Half of 8 is 4. 32 plus 4 is 36."
80% of $45 is $36.
(Compare Lesson 27, Multiplying by numbers ending in 5.)
Solution 2. 80% means four fifths; 45 has an exact fifth part; therefore we can reason
as follows:
One fifth of 45 is 9. Therefore four fifths are four 9's -- 36.
Example 14. How much is 75% of 108?
Answer. We could write 75% as the decimal .75, and then multiply
.75 108.
4
However, 75% is three quarters. Therefore we could calculate
Three quarters of 108.
That is not difficult if we decompose 108 into 100 + 8.
Three quarters of 108 = Three quarters of 100 + Three quarters of 8
= 75 + 6 (Lesson 15)
= 81.
75% of 108 is 81.
Example 15. How much is 18.9% of $314?
Answer. Use your calculator Press 314 18.9%. See 59.346, which is approximately
$59.35.
29% = ?
Examples 16.
29
29% = .
100
60 6 3
60% = = = . (Lesson 22, Question 5)
100 10 5
200
200% = = 2.
100
225% = 2.
1 1
233 % = 2 .
3 3
In addition, the student should know:
5
1 1 1
12.5% = . ( is half of , which is 25%. )
8 8 4
Lesson 24
3 5 7
37.5% = , 62.5% = , 87.5% = .
8 8 8
1
Example 19. Thirds. How much is 33 % of 720?
3
2
How much is 66 %?
3
1
Answer. 33 % means a third. (Lesson 16.) To take a third
3
of 720, we can decompose it into multiples of 3 as follows:
720 = 600 + 120.
A third of 600 is 200.
A third of 120 is 40.
Therefore a third of 720 is 240.
2
As for 66 %, it means two thirds. One third of 720
3
is 240.
Therefore two thirds are 2 240 = 480.
6
2
Example 20. Calculator problem. How much is 66 %
3
of $76.27?
Solution. To find two thirds, we must first find one third, and then multiply by 2. Press
76.2732=
See
50.846666666
= 100 1 .12
= 99 .12
= $98.88.
2
Example 21. 14 is 66 % of what number?
3
Answer. Here, the Base is missing, the number that follows of. This is Example 2
in Section 3.
PERCENT OF A NUMBER
PROBLEMS
7
2. A store paid $100 for a dress. It raised the selling price by 35%. But
2. one week later it lowered that price by 10%. What was the final
2. selling price?
$121.50. For, 35% of $100 is $35, so the selling price went to $135. 10% of that is
$13.50. And $135 $13.50 = $121.50.
1 1 1 2 2
1. d) 12% = 1. e) 33 % = 1. f) 66 % =
8 3 3 3 3
1 3 7 9
1. g) 10% = h) 30% = i) 70% = j) 90% =
10 10 10 10
1 2 3 4
1. k) 20% = l) 40% = m) 60% = n) 80% =
5 5 5 5
1
2. d) 100% = 1 1. e) 300% = 3 f) 350% = 3
2
3 1 1 4
2. g) 375% = 3 h) 333 % = 3 i) 480% = 4
4 3 3 5
1 2
c) 33 % of $32.40? $10.80 d) 66 % of $32.40? $21.60
3 3
1 2
c) 33 % of $91.15? $30.38 d) 66 % of $91.15? $60.77
3 3
PERCENT OF A NUMBER
ANSWERS
9
2. A store paid $100 for a dress. It raised the selling price by 35%. But
2. one week later it lowered that price by 10%. What was the final
2. selling price?
$121.50. For, 35% of $100 is $35, so the selling price went to $135. 10% of that is
$13.50. And $135 $13.50 = $121.50.
1 1 1 2 2
1. d) 12% = 1. e) 33 % = 1. f) 66 % =
8 3 3 3 3
1 3 7 9
1. g) 10% = h) 30% = i) 70% = j) 90% =
10 10 10 10
1 2 3 4
1. k) 20% = l) 40% = m) 60% = n) 80% =
5 5 5 5
1
2. d) 100% = 1 1. e) 300% = 3 f) 350% = 3
2
3 1 1 4
2. g) 375% = 3 h) 333 % = 3 i) 480% = 4
4 3 3 5
5. How much is
a) 75% of $208? $156 b) 250% of $16? $40
1 2
c) 33 % of $32.40? $10.80 d) 66 % of $32.40? $21.60
3 3
1 2
c) 33 % of $91.15? $30.38 d) 66 % of $91.15? $60.77
3 3
11