Reinforced Concrete Deck Slab Design

General Notes
{ The design of bridge is in
accordance with the AASHTO
specifications for highway
bridges LFD method.
{ The Highway loading consists
of 60 tones truck on 3 axels
and lane loading (uniform load
and concentrated load) and 32
tones hypothetical single axle
load as per M.O.T. standard
VOL-3.
{ Fy=420 MPa
{ Fc= 350 kg/cm2
{ Girders Span = 20 m
{ Simple span
 1 Design of superstructure

1.1 Deck slab:

Thickness of slab = 180 MM
Check the girder overhang (flange) during construction :

Weight of cantilever flange of precast girder:

= (0.06+0.12)/2*24 = 2.16 KN/M
Weight of top slab (cast in situ) = 0.1824 = 4.32 KN/M
Live load during construction = 3 KN/M

Total load on cantilever flange = 9.48 KN/M

Bending moment (M) = 9.480.608/2 = 1.75 KN.M

Cracking moment Mcr=fr Ig / yt

Where
fr = Modulus of rupture of concrete

AASHTO = 0.623 f'c = 3.686 Mpa

8.15.2.1.1
Ig = Moment of inertia of gross section
= 1000(107)/12 (Taking min. section) = 102086917 MM4

yt = 107 / 2 = 53.5 MM

Mcr = = 7032963.67 N.MM

= 7.03 KN.M
> 1.75 O.K
Check cast in situ slab

1.1.1 Effective span S

AASHTO S = Clear distance between girder = 1.815-0.6 = 1.215 M

3.24.1.2

1.1.2 Effective depth for steel

Cover of top steel = = 0.04 M
Cover of bottom steel = = 0.025 M
For top steel = 0.18+0.107-0.04-0.016/2 = 0.239 M
For bottom steel = 0.18-0.025-0.016/2 = 0.147 M

1.1.3 Impact factor (I)

AASHTO I = 15.24/(L+38) = 0.3886268

3.8.2.1 Maximum Impact factor (Imax) = 0.3

Since Impact factor is more than 0.3, use I = 0.3

1.1.4 Dead load moment (MDL)

Self weight of slab = 0.18*24 = 4.32 KN/M

Weight of wearing surface = 0.1*24 = 2.4 KN/M
Total dead loads = = 6.72 KN/M

MDL = = 0.99 KN.M / M

1.1.5 Live load moment (MLL)

AASHTO MLL = P(S+0.61)/9.74 = 29.98 KN.M / M

3.24.3.1 Continuity factor = 0.8
Live load with continuity factor
MLL = = 23.98 KN.M / M
Live load with continuity factor and impact
MLL+I = = 31.18 KN.M / M

1.1.1 Total factored moment (Mtotal = 1.3(MDL+1.67MLL+I))

Mtotal = = 68.98 KN.M / M

1.1.7 Area of bottom steel

2M u 0.85.f c' .a.b

a d  d2  As
0.85 .b.f c' fy
Where d = 147 MM
Mu=Mtotal = 68978467.94 N.MM / M
I = 0.9
b = 1000 MM
f' c= 35 N / MM
a = 18.72 MM
fy = 420 N / MM
As = 1325.78 MM/M
Area of 16 MM Bar as = 201.06 MM
Nomber of Bars = As/as = 6.59390045
~ 8 bars / M
Spacing of bars = 125 MM
Area of steel provided As = 1608.49544 MM
1.1.8 Check crack width

Depth X of neutral axis (NA) from top of the slab

Modulus of elasticity Ec= 4730 f'c Ec = 2.80E+04 Mpa

Es = 2.00E+05 Mpa
n = 7.15
1000X/2-n As(d-X)=0

X=[-b(b-4ac)]/(2a)
where:
a = 500 a = 500
b = nAs b = 11496.2094
c = -nAsd c = -1689942.78

X = 47.77 MM
Moment of inertia (cracked section)
I = 1.50E+08 MM4

Distance of top fiber yt=X yt = 47.77 MM

Distance of c.g. of steel ys=d-X ys = 99.23 MM

Non factored total moment MT= MDL+MLL+I MT = 32170667.96

Stresses in concrete and steel

Compression in top fiber of concrete fc = 10.2763 N / MM

Tension in steel fs = 152.58 N / MM
1- Crack width

S S/2 S/2

Z = 3.3cHa
Diameter of bar = 16 MM
Spacing of bars = 125 MM
Cover to the c.g. of steel (dc)
= Clear cover + radius of bar = 33 MM
c= = 62.68 MM
Ha = Strain in extreme fiber
= (fs/Es)(h-X)/(d-X) = 1.02E-03
Crack width = 0.210 MM
< o.25 MM ..OK
AASHTO
8.16.8.4 Z = fs (dcA)<22611 N/MM
Where
A=(Area of cracked concrete)/(Number of bars)
fs = 152.58 Mpa
dc = 33 MM
A = 8250 MM
 Z = 9889 N / MM
< 22611 .. OK

1.1.9 Distribution Steel

AASHTO For main reinforcement perpendicular to trafic
3.24.10.2 % of distribution steel = 121.46 / S = 110.19075
> 67
Use 67%
Area of distribution steel = 1077.69194 MM
as (16) = 201.06193 MM
Number of bars = 5.36
6 bars
Area of distribution steel provided = 1206.37158 MM
Spacing of bars = 166.7 MM
Spacing to use = 150 MM

1.2 Design of cantilever slab

 Clear span S = 0.895-0.6/2 = 0.595 M
Thickness at edge = 0.06+0.18 = 0.24 M
Thickness at web = 0.11+0.18 = 0.29 M
Average thickness of slab + flange = 0.265 M

1.2.1 Effective depth (d)

For top steel = 242 MM
For bottom steel = 257 MM

1.2.2 Dead load moment (MDL)

Self weight of slab = 6.36 KN/M

Weight of wearing surface = 2.4 KN/M
Total dead loads = 8.76 KN/M
Weight of Barrier = 0.239524 = 5.748 KN/M
Centriod of Barrier form web = 0.4239 M

MDL = 3.99 KN.M / M

1.2.3 Live load moments (MLL)

Distance of centerline of wheel load from the face of barrier = 0.3 M

MLL = (P/E)X
Where
P= Wheel load
P = 160 KN
X = Distance from load to point of support
X = -0.085 M
Wheel load does not fall in cantilever span
X = 0M
AASHTO E = Width over which wheel load is distributed
3.24.5.1.1 E=0.8X+1.143
E = 1.143 M
MLL = 0 KN.M / M
Maximum impact factor = 0.3
MLL+I = 0 KN.M / M

1.2.3.1 Railing loads

Highway design load P = 44.48 KN

P = 44.48 KN
AASHTO X= Distance from centriod of barrier to point of support
3.24.5.2 = 0.424 M
E = Effective length of cantilever resisting post loading
E = 0.8X+1.524 = 1.863 M

MRAIL = Php / E
Where hp = hight of Barrier
hp = 0.9
MRAIL = 21.487 KN.M / M
Railing load governs
M to be used is = 21.487 KN.M / M

Total design moment is = 1.3(MDL+1.67MLL) = 51.831 KN.M / M

1.2.4 Area of steel As

2M u 0.85.f c' .a.b

a d  d2  As
0.85 .b.f c' fy

Where d = 242 MM
Mu=Mtotal = 51830644.25 N.MM / M
I = 0.9
b = 1000 MM
f' c = 35 N / MM
a = 8.14 MM
fy = 420 N / MM
As = 576.29 MM/M
Area of 16 MM Bar as = 201.06 MM
Nomber of Bars = As/as = 2.86623628
~ 3 bars / M
Spacing of bars = 333.333333 MM
Spacing shall not be grater than 150 mm
Spacing selected = 150 MM
Nomber of bars = 6.66666667
= 7
Area of steel provided As = 1407.43 MM
 1.2.5 Check crack width
Depth X of neutral axis (NA) from top of the slab

1000X/2-n As(d-X)=0

X=[-b(b-4ac)]/(2a)
where:
a = 500 a = 500
b = nAs b = 10059.1832
c = -nAsd c = -2434322.34
X = 60.44 MM
Moment of inertia (cracked section)
I = 405186898 MM4

Distance of bottom fiber of concrete yb=X yb = 60.44 MM

Distance of c.g. of top steel ys=d-X ys = 181.56 MM

Total moment (unfactored) MT=MDL+MLL+I MT = 2.55E+07 N.MM /M

Stresses in concrete and steel

Compression in top fiber of concrete fc = 3.80 N / MM

Tension in steel fs = 81.58 N / MM
1- Crack width
Z = 3.3cHa
Diameter of bar = 16 MM
Spacing of bars = 150 MM
Cover to the c.g. of steel
= Clear cover + radius of bar = 48 MM
c= = 81.04 MM
Ha = Strain in extreme fiber
= (fs/Es)(h-X)/(d-X) = 0.00045959
Crack width = 0.123 MM
< 0.25 MM ..OK
AASHTO
8.16.8.4 Z = fs (dtA)<22611 N / MM
Where
A=(Area of cracked concrete)/(Number of bars)
fs <= 0.6 fy

fs = 81.58 N / MM
dt = 48.00
A = 13714.2857 MM
Z = 7097 N / MM
< 22611 . OK

1.1.9 Distribution Steel

AASHTO For main reinforcement perpendicular to trafic
3.24.10.2 % of distribution steel = 121.46 / S = 157.461649
> 67
Use 67%
Area of distribution steel = 942.980451 MM
as (16) = 201.06 MM
Number of bars = 4.69
7 bars
Area of distribution steel provided = 1407.43351 MM
Spacing of bars = 142.857143 MM
Spacing to use = 150 MM
 2 Design of T girder

2.1 Interior girder

Effective span (S) = 20-0.8 = 19.2 M
Min depth during construction
= 1.080+0.110 = 1.19 M
Total depth (after slab casting)
= 1.080+0.110+0.18 = 1.37 M
A-Table 8.9.2 Check for minimum depth requirement
= 0.07 S = 0.0719.2 = 1.344 M OK
2.1.1 Impact factor I = 15.24/(L+38) = 15.24/(19.2+38) = 0.26643357 < 0.3 O.K

2.1.2 Dead load moment (MDL)

Self weight of slab = 0.1824 = 4.32 KN/M

Weight of asphalt layer = 0.124 = 2.4 KN/M
Effective flange width = 1.815 M

Dead load from slab & asphalt = (4.32+2.4)1.815 = 12.1968 KN/M

Self weight of girder = ((0.5+0.6)/2*1.08+

(0.133+0.107)/2*0.6+
(0.06+0.107)/2*0.595+
(0.06+0.133)/2*0.595)24 = KN/M
= 0.7731*24 = 18.5544 KN/M

Total loads on girder (W) = 12.1968+18.5544 = 30.7512 KN/M

Maximum bending moment (MDL)

= W L / 8
= 30.751219.2/8 = 1417.0153 KN.M

Maximum reaction R = W L/ 2 = 295.21152 KN

Bending moment at any section X is

= RX - W X/2

Bending moment at X=(19.2/2-0.645) of left support X = 8.955 M

M(DL) = 1410.61866 KN.M

2.1.3 Live load moment (MLL)

0.645

0.645
R

40 130 130

4.3 4.3
4.655 4.655
S = 19.2 R1

2.1.3.1 Distribution factor of wheel load for interior beams

AASHTO = S/1.8288 = 1.815/1.8288 = 0.99245407

T. 3.23.1

2.1.3.2 Truck load moment

For maximum moment, the middle axle at the C.G. of axles shall
be placed equidistant from midspan i.e. at 1.29/2 = 0.645 M

Reaction R1 at right hand side support

 = (404.655+130(4.3+4.655)+130(4.3+4.3+4.655))/19.2 = 160.078125 KN

Bending moment at 8.955 M from left support

= 160.08(19.2-8.955)-1304.3 = 1081 KN.M

Bending moment at midspan

= 160.08(19.2/2)-130(4.3-0.645) = 1061.6 KN.M

Maximum moment with impact and fraction of wheel load

= 1081(1+0.266)0.992454 = 1358.68468 KN.M

2.1.3.3 Lane load moment

Maximum bending moment

= 2019.2/8+15019.2/4 = 1641.6 KN.M

As one series of wheel equil half of lane loading, le bending moment

due to lane load is multiplied by 0.5
= 0.51641.6 = 820.8 KN.M

Maximum moment with impact factor

= M(LL)(1+I) = 1039.48867 KN.M

Truck load governs MLL+I = 1358.68468 KN.M

2.1.3.4 Total factored moment = 1.3(MDL+1.67MLL+I) = 4783.50871 KN.M

2.1.4 Area of steel

For recangular section

2M u 0.85.f c' .a.b

a d  d2  As
0.85 .b.f c' fy
bw = 550 MM
b = 1815 MM
hf = 240 MM
d = 1250 MM
a = 81.40 MM
As = 10987.7657 MM2
area for one bar 32 mm as = 804.247719 MM2
No. bars = 13.6621658

= 14
2.1.5 Shear reinfocement

2.1.5.1 Truck load

Maximum reaction at support

= ((130*19.2+130*(19.2-4.3)+
40*(19.2-4.3-4.3))/19.2 = 252.96875 KN
250.945
With impact and fraction of wheel load
= 252.9688*1.266*0.992 = 317.69637 KN

2.1.5.1 Lane load

Maximum reaction at support

= 220+20*19.2/2 = 412 KN
206
With impact and fraction of wheel load
= 412*1.266*0.5 = 260.796 KN

Truck load governs

Total reaction due to dead load and truck load

= 1.3*(295.21+1.67*317.696) = 1073.49102 KN

2.1.5.2 Shear stress v = = 1073.491*1000/(500*(1200-50-32-32-32/2)) = 2.007 MPA

AASHTO Shear capacity of concrete vc = 0.166f`c = 0.9862105 MPA

8.16.6.2
Shear capacity provided by reinforcement
AASHTO vs = v / 0.85 - vc = 1.374 MPA
8.16.6.3.2 Area of sheer reinfocement Av = Vs*S/(fy*d)
Vs = vs*bw*d = 766232.157 N
S = 125 mm
d = 1115 mm
Av = 214.751165 mm2
as(16) = 201.06193 mm2

2 legs stirup dia. 16 = 402.12386 mm2

 2.2 Check of exterior girder

Effective span = 19.2 M

2.2.1 Dead load moment (MDL)

Dead load from slab & asphalt = (4.32+2.4)(1.815+1.79)/2 = 12.1128 KN/M

Weight of barrier = 0.2395*24 = 5.748 KN/M
Self weight of girder = 0.7731*24 = 18.5544 KN/M
Total loads on girder (W) = 36.4152 KN/M

Maximum bending moment (MDL)

= W L / 8 = 1678.01242 KN.M

Maximum reaction R = W L/ 2 = 349.58592 KN

Bending moment at any section X is

= RX - W X/2

Bending moment at X=(19.2/2-0.645) of left support X = 8.955 M

M(DL) = 1670.4376 KN.M

2.2.3 Live load moment (MLL)

2.2.3.1 Truck load moment

For maximum moment, the middle axle at the C.G. of axles shall
be placed equidistant from midspan i.e. at 1.29/2 = 0.645 M

Reaction R1 at right hand side support

= (404.655+130(4.3+4.655)+130(4.3+4.3+4.655))/19.2 = 160.078125 KN

Bending moment at 8.955 M from left support

= 160.08(19.2-8.955)-1304.3 = 1081 KN.M

Bending moment at midspan

= 160.08(19.2/2)-130(4.3-0.645) = 1061.6 KN.M

2.2.3.2 Distribution factor of wheel load for exterior girder

1.8 M
P P

0.085 0.07

1.815
R
Distannce of the centerline of wheel load from the face of the curb = 0.6 M
Location of the centerline of the wheel load from the centerline of the ext. girder
= (1.79/2)-0.38-0.6 = -0.085 M
The wheel is at the right of the centerline of girder
= 1.815+0.085 = 1.9 M
Location of the centerline of the wheel load from the centerline of the int. girder
= 1.815-0.085 = 1.73 M
Location of the centerline of the other wheel load from the
centerline of the int. girder = 1.815-1.8-0.085 = -0.07 M

Reaction of the wheel load on the external girder

R = P*(1.73/1.815) = 0.95316804
Maximum moment with impact and fraction of wheel load
= 1061.6(1+0.266)0.953168 = 1281.04413 KN.M
Fraction of the laneload for the girder

2.3.3.3 Lane load moment

Maximum bending moment

= 2019.2/8+15019.2/4 = 1641.6 KN.M

As one series of wheel equil half of lane loading, le bemdimg moment

due to lane load is multiplied by 0.5
= 0.51641.6 = 820.8 KN.M

Maximum moment with impact factor

= M(LL)(1+0.266) = 1039.48867 KN.M

Truck load governs

 2.3.3.4 Total moment = 1.3(M(DL)+1.67M(LL+I)) = 4952.71568 KN.M

2.2.4 Area of steel

For recangular section

2M u 0.85.f c' .a.b
a d  d2  As
0.85 .b.f c' fy

bw = 550 MM
b = 1815 MM
hf = 240 MM
d = 1250 MM
a = 84.379828 MM
As = 11390.4857 MM2
area for one bar 32 mm as = 804.247719 MM2
No. bars = 14.1629071
= 15

8 Computation of deflection / camber

Girders should be cambered to componsate the dead load deflection

Average thickness of flange (including cast in situ slab)

= 180+(60+107+133+60)/4 = 270 MM

Total area of slab with flange portion

= 1815*270 = 490050 MM2

Average thickness of web portion = (600+500)/2 = 550 MM

Total area of web portion = 550*1080 = 594000 MM2

Total area of cross section = = 1084050 MM2

C.G. of slab/flange portion from top of slab

= 270/2 = 135 MM
C.G. of web portion from top of slab

= 270+1080/2 = 810 MM

C.G. of cross section

= 504.863014 MM

1815

270
504.863

1080
845.137

550

Inertia moment of cross section = 1815*270^3/12+1815*270*(504.863-270/2)^2+

550*1080^3/12+550*1080*(845.137-1080/2)^2

AASHTO fr I g Ig = 1.2793E+11 MM4

8.13.3 Crack moment M cr ; fr 0.623 f cc
yt
fr = 3.6857177 MPA
Mcr = 557928447 N.MM
= 557.928447 KN.M
Dead load moment MDL = 1670.4376
Live load moment with impact factor M(LL+I) = 1281.04413
Total moments Ma = 2951.48172
As Ma>Mcr the moment of inertia to be used in deflection
calculation is Ie

8.1 Deflection due to dead load

For simple span with uniformly distributed load

5 wL 4
Deflection 'w Ec 4729 .77 u f cc
384 E c I e
 w Dead load on girder w = 36.4152 KN/M
L Span of girders L = 19200 MM
Ec Young modulus of concrete Ec = 27981.6967 MPA
Ie effective moment of inertia
3 3
AASHTO M cr M
8.13.3 Ie I g  1  cr I cr d I g
Ma M a
where Icr is the moment of inertia of cracked section

1815
89.36706
270 180.6329

1080

550

As f y
a
0 . 85 u f cc u b
As = 12063.7158 mm2
fy = 400 MPA
f`c = 35 MPA
b = 1815 mm
a = 89.3670637 mm
d = 1250
Icr = 1.1419E+11 mm4
Ie = 9.2858E+25 >Ig
Ie=Ig = 1.2793E+11 mm4

deflection 'w = 18.00 mm

Long term deflection due to dead load is factored by K

AASHTO Asc
K 3  1 .2 t 1 .6
8.13.4 As
K = 3
long term deflection 'w = 54.00 mm