Introduction to

Databases
Presenter: Ing. Mgpi. Carlos Ren Angarita Sanguino

rea: Software Subject: Databases

Semester: Seventh

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Objetives
Common uses of database systems.
Meaning of the term database.
Meaning of the term Database Management System (DBMS).
Components of the DBMS environment.
Typical functions of a DBMS.
Advantages/disadvantages of DBMSs.

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Examples of Database Systems
Purchases from the supermarket
Purchases using your credit card
Booking a holiday at the travel agents
Using the local library
Renting a video
Using the Internet

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Database
Shared collection of logically related data (and a description
of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an
organization.

Shared collection can be used simultaneously by many

departments and users.
Logically related - comprises the important objects and the
relationships between these objects.
Description of the data the system catalog (meta-data)
provides description of data to enable data independence.

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DBMS Database Manager System
A software system that enables users to define, create, and
maintain the database and that provides controlled access to
this database.

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Database application program
A software program that interacts with the database by
issuing an appropriate request (typically an SQL statement) to
the DBMS.

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Views
Allows each user to have his or her own view of the database.
A view is essentially some subset of the database.

Benefits include:
Provide a level of security;
Provide a mechanism to customize the appearance of the
database;
Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the structure
of the database, even if the underlying database is
changed.

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DBMS

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Components of DBMS Environment
Hardware: Can range from a PC to a network of computers.
Software: DBMS, operating system, network software (if necessary)
and also the application programs.
Data: Used by the organization and a description of this data called
the schema.
Procedures: Instructions and rules that should be applied to the
design and use of the database and DBMS.
People: Includes database designers, DBAs, application
programmers, and end-users.

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Components of DBMS Environment

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Two-Tier Client-Server
Client manages main
business and data
processing logic and user
interface.
Server manages and
controls access to
database.

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Three-Tier C-S Architecture
User interface layer runs on client.
Business logic and data processing layer middle tier runs on a
server (application server).
DBMS stores data required by the middle tier. This tier may be on a
separate server (database server).
Advantages:
Thin client, requiring less expensive hardware.
Application maintenance centralized.
Easier to modify or replace one tier without affecting others.
Separating business logic from database functions makes it easier to
implement load balancing.
Maps quite naturally to Web environment.

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Three-Tier C-S Architecture

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Functions of a DBMS
Data Storage, Retrieval, and Update.
A User-Accessible Catalog.
Transaction Support.
Concurrency Control Services.
Recovery Services.
Authorization Services.
Support for Data Communication.
Integrity Services.
Services to Promote Data Independence.
Utility Services.

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Advantages of a DBMS
Control of data redundancy
Data consistency
Sharing of data
Improved data integrity
Improved maintenance through data independence.

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Disadvantages of a DBMS
Complexity
Cost of DBMS
Cost of conversion
Performance
Higher impact of a failure

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Preguntas
Defina los siguientes trminos: datos, base de datos, DBMS, sistema de bases de datos, catlogo de
la base de datos, independencia programa-datos, vista de usuario, DBA. usuario final, transaccin
enlatada, sistema de bases de datos deductivo.
Qu cuatro tipos de acciones implican bases de datos? Explique brevemente cada uno de ellos.
Cules son las responsabilidades del DBA y de los diseadores de bases de datos?
Cules son los diferentes tipos de bases de datos y usuarios? Explique las actividades principales
de cada uno.
Explique las capacidades que un DBMS debe proporcionar.
Explique las diferencias entre los sistemas de bases de datos y los sistemas de recuperacin de
informacin.
Cul es la diferencia entre la redundancia controlada y la descontrolada? Ilustre su explicacin con
Ejemplos.

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