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NaturalorFreeConvection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_
continue=126&v=rj8dvmvBWC4
Forcedvs.Natural
1
11/21/2017
Free
convection
g (Ts T ) L3
GrL = Buoyancy force/viscous force
2
g (Ts T ) L3
Rayleigh Number: RaL GrL Pr
2
11/21/2017
Vertical Plates
Free Convection Boundary Layer Development on a Heated Plate:
Ascending flow with the maximum velocity occurring in the boundary layer
and zero velocity at both the surface and outer edge.
Thefluidclosetotheplateis
_________thefluidbeyondit.
a) Lessdensethan T T ? s
b) Moredensethan
c) Asdenseas
3
11/21/2017
Similarity Solution
Based on existence of a similarity variable, through
which the x-momentum equation may be transformed from
a partial differential equation with two independent
variables ( x and y) to an ordinary differential equation
expressed exclusively in terms of .
1/ 4
y Grx
x 4
Solve resulting equation numerically
5 for Pr 0.6
4
11/21/2017
L
1 4
h hdx Nu L Nu L
L0 3
Transition to Turbulence
Amplification of disturbances
depends on relative magnitudes
of buoyancy and viscous forces.
5
11/21/2017
Laminar Flow
0.670 Ra1L/ 4
Nu L 0.68
9
4/9
1 0.492 / Pr 16
All Conditions:
2
0 . 387 Ra 1L/ 6
Nu 0 . 825
L
1 0 . 492 Pr
9 / 16 8 / 27
Asquarealuminumplate5mmthickand200mmonasideis
heatedwhileverticallysuspendedinquiescentairat40oC.
Determinetheaverageheattransfercoefficientbytwomethods:
usingresultsfromthesimilaritysolutionandusingresultsfroman
empiricalcorrelation.
Plan:
a) Lookuppropertiesatthefilmtemperature
b) CalculateRaL
c) FindappropriatesimilaritysolutionforNuL
d) Calculateh
e) FindappropriatecorrelationforNu
f) Calculateh
6
11/21/2017
7
11/21/2017
Horizontal Plates
Buoyancy force is normal, instead of parallel, to the plate.
Flow and heat transfer depend on whether the plate is heated or cooled and
whether it is facing upward or downward.
Hot Surface Facing Upward or Cold Surface Facing Downward
T s T Ts T
Nu L 0.54 Ra1L/ 4 10 RaL 107
4
8
11/21/2017
Anelectricalheaterintheformofahorizontaldiskof
400mmdiameterisusedtoheatthebottomofatank
filledwithengineoilatatemperatureof5oC.Findthe
powerrequiredtomaintaintheheatersurfaceat
70oC.
Plan:
a) Lookupproperties
b) Stategoverningequations(s)
c) Calculatecharacteristiclength
d) FindRayleighnumber
e) Findappropriatecorrelation
f) Findh,thenq
9
11/21/2017
Anelectricalheaterintheformofahorizontaldiskof
400mmdiameterisusedtoheatthebottomofatank
filledwithengineoilatatemperatureof5oC.Findthe
powerrequiredtomaintaintheheatersurfaceat
70oC.
Anelectricalheaterintheformofahorizontaldiskof
400mmdiameterisusedtoheatthebottomofatank
filledwithengineoilatatemperatureof5oC.Findthe
powerrequiredtomaintaintheheatersurfaceat
70oC.
10
11/21/2017
2
0.387 RaL6
1
Nu L 0.825
1
8
0.492 16 27
Pr
9
Nu L 0.54 RaL4
1
1
Nu L 0.15 Ra L3
Nu L 0.27 Ra L4
1
2
0.387 RaD6
1
Nu D 0.6
Nu D 2
0.589 RaD4
1
9
1 0.Pr559 16
8
27
1 0.469
Pr
9
16
4
9
Masstransferfreeconvection
Heatandmasstransferanalogymaybeinvokedifthetemperaturedependentdensityvariationsarenegligible
comparedtothedensityvariationsassociatedwithspeciesconcentrationgradients
11
11/21/2017
Apoloshirtissoakedwithwater.Itis
hunguptodryat40degC indry,still
air.Thepolowatermix(highheat
capacity)canbeassumedconstantat
25degC andis1mlong.Whatisthe
dryingrate(perwidth)ofthepolo?
12
11/21/2017
Apoloshirtissoakedwithwater.
Itishunguptodryat40degC in
dry,stillair.Thepolowatermix
(highheatcapacity)canbe
assumedconstantat25degC and
is1mlong.Whatisthedrying
rate(perwidth)ofthepolo?
Apoloshirtissoakedwithwater.Itis
hunguptodryat40degC indry,still
air.Thepolowatermix(highheat
capacity)canbeassumedconstantat
25degC andis1mlong.Whatisthe
dryingrate(perwidth)ofthepolo?
13
11/21/2017
Apoloshirtissoakedwithwater.Itis
hunguptodryat40degC indry,still
air.Thepolowatermix(highheat
capacity)canbeassumedconstantat
25degC andis1mlong.Whatisthe
dryingrate(perwidth)ofthepolo?
Apoloshirtissoakedwithwater.Itis
hunguptodryat40degC indry,still
air.Thepolowatermix(highheat
capacity)canbeassumedconstantat
25degC andis1mlong.Whatisthe
dryingrate(perwidth)ofthepolo?
14