INTRODUCTION TO THE HARVARD AUTHOR-DATE REFERENCING STYLE

The Harvard system is another name given to the Author-Date style of referencing and
citation.

Examples in this document have been based on the following text; Style manual for authors,
editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, rev. Snooks & Co., Wiley, Milton, Qld

BOOKS IN-TEXT REFERENCE REFERENCE LIST

One author in-text Information prominent Cochrane, A 2007, Understanding urban

reference (the authors name is policy: a critical
placement within approach, Blackwell Publishing, Malden,
Note: There are two parentheses): MA.
main ways to use intext The conclusion reached in a
references. Firstly, to recent study (Cochrane
focus on the information 2007) was that
from your source
information prominent. OR
Secondly, to focus on the Author prominent (the
author author authors name is outside
prominent. the
parentheses):
Cochrane (2007) concluded
that
One author when An interesting view was Cochrane, A 2007, Understanding urban
fewer than 30 words expressed that the policy: a critical
are quoted connection of high profile approach, Blackwell Publishing, Malden,
developments to their MA.
Include the material in surrounding environment
the paragraph and has increasingly been
include specific page questioned (Cochrane
number/s. 2007, p. 117).
Use single quotation
marks to show the OR
exact words. An interesting view was
expressed by Cochrane
(2007, p. 117) that
the connection of high
profile developments to
their surrounding
environment has
increasingly been
questioned.
One author when 30 Much has been written Finkelman, AW 2006, Leadership and
or more words are about acute care. Finkelman management in nursing,
quoted (2006, p. 184), Pearson Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Begin quoting the for example, points out that:
material on a new line,
indent it 5 spaces (useThere are many changes in
the Indent tool to keepacute care services
all lines of the quote occurring
evenly indented), and almost daily, and due to the
include specific page increasing use of outpatient
number/s. surgery, surgical services
Omit the quotation
have experienced major
marks. changes. Hospitals are
increasing the size of their
Use double spacing for outpatient or
your text and ambulatory surgery
single spacing for the departments and adjusting
indented quote. to the need of moving
Make sure the quote is patients into and out of the
exactly as it was surgical service in 1 day
published. oreven a few hours.

Recently, this trend has

been seen in some
Australian hospitals and
research here
Two or three authors When considering the Palmer, GR & Short, SD 2010, Health
Howard Governments care and public policy:
Indigenous health an Australian analysis, 4th edn, Palgrave
expenditure, Palmer and Macmillan, South Yarra,
Short (2010, p. 63) maintain Vic.
that

More than three A recent study (Seeley et al. Seeley, R, VanPutte, C, Regan, J &
authors when 2011, p. 143) concluded Russo, A 2011, Seeleys
reference to specific that anatomy & physiology, McGraw-Hill,
page/s required New York, NY.
OR
For in-text references,
use the first authors Seeley et al. (2011, p. 143)
family name followed by concluded that
et al.
Use all names in the
reference list
Several works by same Leadership and change in Fullan, M 1996a, Leadership for
author, same year schools have been major change, in International
topics of discussion for handbook for educational leadership and
Arrange alphabetically several years (Fullan 1996a, administration, Kluwer
by title in the Reference 1996b) and this Academic Publishers, New York, NY.
List. Place lowercase conference
letters Fullan, M 1996b, The new meaning of
(a,b,c,etc.) Educational change has educational change,
immediately after the taken on a new meaning in Cassell, London
year recent years
(Fullan 1996b)
Several authors, The cyclical process (Carr Carr, W & Kemmis, S 1986, Becoming
different years,referred & Kemmis 1986; Dick critical: education
to collectively in your 2000; Kemmis & knowledge and action research, Falmer
work McTaggart 1988; MacIsaac Press, London.
1995) suggests
List sources Dick, B 2000, A beginners guide to
alphabetically by family action research, viewed 3 June 2004,
name http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/ar
in the in-text reference in p/guide.html
the order in which
they appear in the Kemmis, S & McTaggart, R (eds) 1988,
Reference List. The action research planner, 3rd edn,
Separate each reference Deakin University, Melbourne.
with a semicolon.
MacIsaac, D 1995, An introduction to
action research, viewed 28 May 2004,
http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/danown
er/actionrsch.html