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The document describes 17 teaching strategies or tools and provides a brief description, when they could be used, and the purpose or function of each strategy. Some of the key strategies included are graphic organizers, concept mapping, brainstorming, story maps, interactive journals, timelines, think-pair-share, and role playing. The purpose of these various strategies is to help activate prior knowledge, establish relationships between concepts, engage students in content, and promote understanding and recall of information.
The document describes 17 teaching strategies or tools and provides a brief description, when they could be used, and the purpose or function of each strategy. Some of the key strategies included are graphic organizers, concept mapping, brainstorming, story maps, interactive journals, timelines, think-pair-share, and role playing. The purpose of these various strategies is to help activate prior knowledge, establish relationships between concepts, engage students in content, and promote understanding and recall of information.
The document describes 17 teaching strategies or tools and provides a brief description, when they could be used, and the purpose or function of each strategy. Some of the key strategies included are graphic organizers, concept mapping, brainstorming, story maps, interactive journals, timelines, think-pair-share, and role playing. The purpose of these various strategies is to help activate prior knowledge, establish relationships between concepts, engage students in content, and promote understanding and recall of information.
Strategy Description Where/When Used? Purpose or Function
1. Graphic Is a visual aid that This can be used Can be used to for Organizers shows relationships before, during, and multiple purposes: between key after a lesson. comparing and concepts and other contrasting, showing important ideas that the order of an event they are related to. or events, relating components to one another, showing hierarchical relationships, and support solutions to problems. 2. Concept Is a form of This can be used Aids in establishing Mapping graphically before, during, or relationships with a organizing a concept after a lesson. specific concept. and its subcomponents. The main idea is placed in the center, and different related subconcepts spiral from it. 3. Brainstorming When students share This is prominently Activates prior their own used before a lesson, knowledge about a connections with a but can be used topic. specific topic. during a lesson as well. 4. Readers Allows students to This can be used Practices public Theater read their own work before, during, or speaking and fluency or select a piece and after a lesson. skills. read it to the class with drama and expression. 5. Quick Writes Students are given This can be used Activates prior approximately 1 to 6 before, during, or knowledge about a minutes to record after a lesson. topic and allows their thoughts about students to capture a particular topic. their thoughts on paper. 6. Free Writes Are similar to quick This can be used Used to inspire ideas. writes, but are before, during, or Allows students to longer and usually after a lesson. create a more more open ended. formalized piece of This allows for more writing from said speculative thoughts ideas. about a particular topic. 7. Story Maps Is a graphic organizer This is predominantly Helps students of the elements of a used after a lesson, remember the story they have read, but can be used elements of the story as well as building a during a lesson. they just read. This plan for their own can also be used to writing. These create a plan for elements consist of students own writing setting, characters, of a story. problem, rising action, climax, solution, and lesson learned. 8. Story Boards Is a graphic organizer This can be used Helps students recall that consists of blank during or after a a narrative presented squares, one after lesson. by a teacher or allows the other. In each students to create box, students pencil their own. in a drawing, state an idea, or both. 9. Drawing This strategy can be This can be used Helps students used with students before or after a memorize content of any age and can lesson, however it information. be used in any would be most content area. For beneficial to use this example, drawing strategy during a and labeling the lesson. steps of the water cycle. 10. Interactive Students can select This can be used Promotes Journals their own topic, the before, during, or individualized teacher can select after a lesson. conversation in the topic, or both. writing between the Students then write teacher and the in their journal about student. the topic selected or given. 11. Double Entry Each journal page is This is used during a Promotes Journals folded in half lesson. individualized lengthwise. While interaction with a reading, students can selected text. write a question, list words, or note a phrase in the left- hand column. After reading, in the right side column students respond to information selected. 12. Plus/Minus/ The main idea of a This strategy is used Allows students to Interesting selected text is either before a lesson. connect with a text stated, summarized, before they start or quoted and reading. students are asked to analyze and comment upon the issue. The students will use the plus, minus, and interesting format to write one good thing, one bad thing, and what they found to be interesting, or any questions that they have regarding the main idea. 13. Question- This strategy This can be used Promotes Answer- requires students to during a lesson. understanding of the Relationships analyze the types of interactive nature of questions, their the reader and the answers, and the text. relationship to the text. 14. Timelines Are graphic This strategy can be Helps students recall organizers that used before, during, important events or allows students to or after a lesson. dates. plot specific events that happened in sequential order. 15. Think-Pair- The teacher asks a This strategy can be Poses higher-order, Share question. Next, the used before, during, open ended students think about or after a lesson. questions. their thoughts and write them down. After that, students pair up and share their thoughts with each other. Finally, everyone shares their thoughts with the entire group. 16. Pantomime Students are asked This is used during a Action learning to silently act out a lesson. strategy. Allows scene or story that is meaningful read aloud by engagement with the another student. content. 17. Role Play Has students try on This can be used Used to engage another characters during or after a students in the point of view and lesson. targeted content and engage in dialogue allows students to with a partner. analyze different characters/individuals point of view. 18. Buddy Gives students the This strategy is used Allows students to Reading opportunity to read during a lesson. discuss what has together in pairs. been read. This also They can take turns provides the and then propose opportunity for less questions or talk fluent readers to about what has been partner up with more read. fluent readers who can assist them in their reading. 19. Read When reading a This strategy is used Provides practice of Aloud/Think passage, students during a lesson. the seven habits of Aloud can think out loud good readers. to a partner, explicitly stating how they are determining what is most important in the passage. 20. Reciprocal This strategy uses This strategy is used Encourages students Teaching four types of during a lesson. to interrogate the questions: text. questioning, summarizing, clarifying, and predicting. A student reads a chunk of a passage and the other student asks the four types of questions. 21. Cooperative All members of the This strategy can be Holds all students Learning group rely on each used before, during, accountable to do other to solve or after a lesson. their part in the problems, create group work and solutions, practice focuses on skills, or develop communication and ideas. social skills. 22. Literature A small group reads This strategy is used Provides the Circles the same book. The during a lesson. opportunity for same book can be smalls groups to read assigned to each the same book and group, or each discuss certain literature circle can aspects of the text. select its own text based upon interest or reading level. 23. Jigsaw Is an approach that This strategy is used Promotes learning by has students divide during a lesson. teaching it to other into small groups and individuals. learn different aspects of a single topic, then has students share what they learned with the entire class. 24. Acting Students dramatize This strategy is used Allows students to Scenarios important during a lesson. engage with information from important each content area. information from each content area and aids in helping students to recall this important information. 25. Carousel Teacher created This strategy is used Allows students to stations that during a lesson. engage with many contain materials topics while being such as a historical able to discuss them document, a text, a with their peers. law, a character, or a photograph. Groups of students begin at one station and the teacher gives a signal to move on to the next. 26. Carousel Works the same is a This strategy is used Allows students to Graffiti Carousel, but is during a lesson. write down their different in that ideas and have them students are be shared and required to write a discussed with the response on the class. document given. When all the stations have been visited, the teacher can select certain responses and discuss them with the class. 27. Anticipation Prepares students to This strategy is used Incorporates student Guides read through asking before a lesson. interest and allows students to respond students to compare to a series of brief their original statements about responses and the upcoming readjust their content by thinking. answering agree or disagree. 28. Predictions Asks students to use This can be used Activates prior information at their before and during a knowledge and brain tips to make lesson. assists in an informed guess comprehension. about what will happen next. 29. KWL Is a graphic organizer This strategy is used Activates prior with 3 columns. The before, during, and knowledge, allows for first column asks after a lesson. student input, has what the student students reflect on already knows, the what they learned, second asks what the and assists in student wants to recalling the know, and the final information that they column asks what learned. the student learned. 30. Classification The teacher selects a This can be used Aids in developing key concepts and before, during, or students higher-order asks the students to after a lesson. thinking skills. brainstorm associated words. When all of the words are written down, the students group them into classifications. 31. Webs Are graphic This strategy can be Visually shows organizers that show used before, during, students how specific how concepts are or after a lesson. concepts are related related to one to one another. another. 32. Songs Students can sing This strategy is used Promotes the songs to remember during a lesson. retention of targeted certain skills. For knowledge. example, singing the Spanish alphabet song. 33. Call and The teacher makes This can be used Allows students to Response oral statements and during or after a review the has students respond lesson. information with a brief presented aids in statement. recalling the information that was presented. 34. Class Cue, Similar to call and This is used during a The teacher can see Individual response, but lesson. which students are Response different in that the struggling and students can be and students get to see all questions and answer it each other examples of individually. students work. 35. Conference An interaction Can be used before, Allows the students between the teacher during, or after a specific learning and the student lesson. needs to be met where the students individually. needs and issues can be met. 36. Debate Students take This strategy is used Allows students to positions on specific during a lesson. analyze various issues issues and discuss on specific topics. each of their sides with each other. 37. Demonstration An activity in which This strategy is used The students see the teacher or during a lesson. first-hand how to do student shows something. someone how to do something. 38. Independent A student proposes a This strategy can be A student becomes Study project where he or used before, during, an expert at a specific she will research or after a lesson. topic extensively the topic independently of other classwork or in lieu of course work. 39. Project A unity activity This strategy can be Allows students to where students used during a lesson. use their problem investigate problems solving skills to come and the solutions to up with a solution. them. 40. Seminar A group activity This strategy can be Allows students to engaged in research used before, during, discuss a topic in meets together for a or after a lesson. depth and provides discussion of opportunities for problems of similar collaboration. interest. 41. Simulation An experience that in This strategy can be Action learning which the learner is used during a lesson. strategy allows given the students to apply opportunity to their learning to a respond to a lifelike real life situation. situation and Student input is taken through feedback, into account. gets to see the consequences of his or her actions. 42. Work-Based Students are This strategy can be Hands on learning Learning connected to the used during or after and shows the Opportunities world of work. This a lesson. students what can be done through working out in the multiple modes such real world is like. It as clinical, co-ops, also gives them the youth opportunity for them apprenticeships, or to experience this public service work first hand. activities. 43. Reading Obtaining This strategy can be Practices reading information from used before, during, skills and allows books, periodicals, or after a lesson. students to obtain encyclopedias, and information about a other printed specific topic. sources. This can be done silently or done in partners. 44. Inquiry/ This approach This strategy is Provides students the Discovery consists of predominantly used opportunity to attempting to during a lesson, but become autonomous answer questions, can be used before a learners. seek information, lesson if desired by process data, and the teacher. develop concepts of logic and causality. 45. Drill A repetitive activity This strategy is used Allows students to intended to help during a lesson. practice a certain develop or fix a skill, it is repetitive so certain skill or it helps with memory, component of aids in helping knowledge. developing skills or skills that students need work in. 46. Field Trip An educational trip This strategy is used Provides students the that the entire class during a lesson. opportunity to learn takes where they can in the actual setting. study the content of Hands on learning. instruction in its actual setting. 47. Lecture Where the teacher This strategy is used Provides a way for provides an oral during a lesson. the teacher to give presentation of facts out information to or principles while the entire class and the class is taking gives students notes. kinesthetic input for memory while taking notes. 48. Concept This strategy engages This strategy can be Helps students clarify Attainment students through the used before and ideas and introduces usage of illustrations, during a lesson. aspects of the word cards, or content. examples. 49. An activity where This strategy is used Allows students to Experimentation there are controlled during a lesson. discover relationships conditions where and evaluate their students make hypothesis. observations and note their results. 50. Media Usage Could be an activity This strategy is used Allows the students as in watching a during a lesson. to engage differently video or having the with the content and students work on the receive information computer or using from different some type of modes. equipment.
(Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing 240) Asli Celikyilmaz, I. Burhan Türksen - Modeling Uncertainty With Fuzzy Logic - With Recent Theory and Applications-Springer (2009)