GE III Book706p

1) CALIBRATE NCIB CARD: With SCR un-assigned. (Gee dwg, At right) For normal operation, the ribbon cable is connected from slot A to slot B. 1). Connect Fluke Voltmeter to Signal outpat (Usually pin 3 (Of the output connector.) or find the appropriate wire number in the dwgs. Sheet 1A ~ Anmature loops. Then adjust R2 for Zero output. (R2 isthe zero adjustment pot for the board.) 2) Remove the ribbon cable connector ftom slot B and move it o slot C. Then adjust RI f0F$.5V DC indicated en the Fluke Meter 3) Move the ribbon connector back to position B and check for proper zero, Ready for step 2) NGIEICARD) CA] EBSHUNT 100 MV = 1000 AMPS TWISTED PAIR, WHT mabe NCIB ‘PL - — orm cba m TBBON CABLE m1 worMat position mt uN Sh opm eee RIBBON CABLE pea Fame BRATION | rm so | ———~] RIBBON CABLE OUT To renwal STRIP TPEEEEPT PPT wx <2 -ACOM ruug ON SCR NOWA CARD com RELAY PAGE FIELD ADJUST Yo FE 3 | pune aK asc | OWSCH wen wou 15 Love TRAE ASW SUC yea TT OPASe Sawa plug ae co Ho : poet erases10. uM. 12, 13 14. 15 16. 7. 18. 19. CURRENT ISOLATOR BOARD ADJUSTMENT TURN ON THE BAY TO BE ADJUSTED ASSIGN THE BAY, BUT WITH NO THROTTLE LOOK AT THE AMP OUTPUT OF THE “A” MOTOR FIELD SUPPL’ AMPS NOMINAL NEXT CHECK THE “B” FIELD SUPPLY AMPS, IT SHOULD BE. APPROXIMATELY THE SAME AS THE “A” MOTOR SUPPLY CHECK THE FIELD LOSS RELAYS FOR THE A AND B MOTOR FIELD SUPPLIES. BOTH OF THE RELAYS SHOULD BE PULLED IN. THE RELAY SHOULD PULL IN AT AROUND 12 AMPS, IF NOT, ADJUST OR CLEAN THE RELAY. IF THE “B” FIELD SUPPLY AMPS ARE OUT OF THIS RANGE, CHECK THE, VOLTAGE AT $ AND € ON THE B FIELD SUPPLY, LOCATED ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE ON THE MIDDLE CARD IF THE VOLTAGE IS NOT 6.0 VDC THEN THE NCIB NEEDS TO BE CALIBRATED FIRST CHECK TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS +28 VDC GOING TO THE CARD ON JD PINS CHECK THE VOLTAGE ON PINS 1 AND 2 OF TBI LOCATED ON THE NCIB, IT SHOULD BE 0 VOLTS, NO INPUT FROM THE SHUNT AS THE MOTOR IS ‘NOT TURNING. NEXT PULL THE RIBBON CABLE FROM THE RUN JACK, (LOCATED ON THE NCIB) AND PLUG IT INTO THE CAL/PCAL JACK. MONITOR THE VOLTAGE AT PINS 3 AND 7 OF THE TERMINAL STRIP BELOW JACK JD ADJUST RI SO THAT YOU READ 5.0 VDC NEGATIVE. (THIS CALIBRATES THE SHUNT). NEXT GO TO THE NOWA CARD IN THE SCR BAY THAT IS ASSIGNED, LOOK AT TP 21. ADJUST A POTENTIOMETER IN THE RELAY PAGE, (ROG) P18, (MUD PUMP 1), OR, (ROG), P19, MUD PUMP 2), FOR 6.0 VDC POSITIVE. (THIS IS THE COARSE ADJUST FOR THE B FIELD SUPPLY). REMOVE THE RIBBON CABLE FROM THE CAL/PCAL POSITION AND RETURN IT TO THE RUN JACK ON THE NCIB. MONITOR THE VOLTAGE ON S, AND C, ON THE “B” FIELD SUPPLY AS THE THROTTLE IS APPLIED. THE VOLTAGE SHOULD STAY BETWEEN +2VDC AND +8VDC, IF NOT, ADJUST (ROG)P18, OR 19 TO COMPENSATE. EXAMPLE: IF THE VOLTAGE ON S AND CIS BELOW 2.0 VDC THEN SET THE INITIAL VOLTAGE ON TP 21 A LITTLE HIGHER THAN 6.0 TO 7.0 VDC. |. OBSERVE THE AMPS ON THE A AND B MOTORS OF THE MUD PUMPS WITH A HAND HELD AMP METER TO ENSURE THAT THE BAY IS LOAD SHARING. IF THE CALIBRATION DOES NOT WORK TRY REPLACING THE NCIB OR THE NOWA CARD.SET UP_NOWA CARD: Assign the SCR to a mud pump. Do not crack the throttle Attach a Fluke Voltmeter between Test Point 21 and Test Point 21A on the NOWA card, Find the So Called “Full Feld” ot “FF” pot inthe relay page for the Mud Pump you are now dealing with. (Hint: Look on the MUD PUMP Controller sheet, usually sheet 38 and sheet 4 of the DWGS.) ‘Do not use the values written on these sheets for the suggested adjustment values... THEY ARE WRONG, THEY HAVE ALWAY! WRONG!! Adjust “FF” so that the Fluke Meter attached to TP21 and TP21A reads 5.0V. (SCR assigned but throttle not eracked.) Ready now for step 3.SET THE FIELD EXCITER BIAS: ‘At the Variable field exciter for the MUD PUMP, attach the Fluke Meter fo the “C” and “S” connections. (Sis common and “C” is positive.) With the SCR assigned but the throttle net cracked, you should read ‘SV just as you did at TP21 and TP21A in the previous step, Have the Driller crack the throttle as you watch the Fluke meter. Bring the strokes up slowly as you watch the Fluke meter. Have the Drillerhold the strokes and maintain that stroke rate at any point that the “C” and “S” signal begins to go more than 2.SV in either direction ffom the SV original value Now we use the “Bias Pot” located just below the “C” and “S” terminals to: Adjust “C” and “S” signal back to near SV. ‘The adjustment will be obvious because as you slowly rotate the Bias pot you will see the result immediately on your Fluke Meter. (You will know if you are turing the pot in the right direction. Note: When propedy adjust normal dling load and the motors “S” signal ean be from 2.8V to 7.8V when running under inning temperature. THESE ADJUSTMENTS ARE ALL THAT ARE NEEDED TO ACHIEVE LOAD SHARING FOR MUD PUMPS !!!! “FF” POT IS TO BE ADJUSTED AS IS DESCRIBED IN STEP 2 ONLY. IT IS NOT AN ADJUSTMENT FOR ANY OTHER REASON AND SHOULD NOT BE ADJUSTED IN ANY OTHER MANNER THAN WHAT IS EXPLAINED IN STEP 2. Dis-regard, throw away, or destroy any otheroma ic 2390 12-78 s 2.2 SWunT conMeCT iON (coxT’a) o7 — 2.2.1 10OMY SHUNT CONNECTION =~ RE os A) CONNECT PROPER SHUNT LEAD TO HVE INPUT AS DEScAIaED ABovE. .) 1) CONNECT THE REMAINING LEAD FROM THE SHUNT TO THE toouy tFuT _ GN THE INPUT TERMINAL BoARD. ~lha 2.2.2 SOMY SHUNT CONNECTION pot used REY 8 AD. FOLLOW STEPS At 8 AaQvE 8) JUMPER SONY INPUT TO THE 1OONY INPUT ON THE INPUT TERMINAL BOARD. ry n 23 28 a7 ao a 4.0 TUNE-uP INSTRUCTIONS Es A) CHECK ELEENTARIES TO SEE HAT THE QUTPUT SHOULO BE FOR RATED SHUNT VOLTS 1H. 38 8) MUNPER CAL TO POAL (MAKING SURE HO SUGMAL 1S PRESENT OH SHUNT INPUTS). 37 €) ADJUST ANI (POT OM FRONT OF MODULE) FOR THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE NOTES In STEP A OF THIS SeeTiON. 39 a aa 4s 47 49 By seat ceneaaL @ euecraic | Scouse Tse sant vie Uetede |e meee IC an 2A+ Fame te 2390270" x VASTALLATION NO MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS CURRENT ISOLATOR MODULE 07 NEF, SEK 61 09 " 1.0) RECEIVING, HANDLING & STORAGE INFORMATION 3 WEN SHIPPING OR HANOLING THE CURRENT ISOLATOR MODULE THE CURRENT ISOLATOR SHOULD BE KEPT FROM MOVING WITHIN THE MODULE EITHER 8Y REMOVING 1T AND 3 HANDLING IT SEPARATELY, GR S2ACING IT WITHIN THE HODULE TO PREVENT CARD FROM JARRING LOOSE WITH THE MODULE. THE NODULE SHOULO SE STORED WITHIN 7 ARANGE OF -40°—> 85°C, MEASURE RESISTANCE FROM HVC INPUT TO ACOM = TERMINAL. IT SHOULD SE AN OPEN CXT (1.£. > 10°). x 2.0 CONNECTION & POMER APPLICATION 2 2.1 POWER CONNECTION 25 LAL TISYAG CONNECTION AD suypeR HE TO HS a) 1uNPER HZ TO HO e ¢) APPLY 11SYAC §0/S0HZ TO H2 AND M2 INPUT POLNTS ON INPUT TERMINAL BOARD. 3 212 230VAC CONNECTION 35 A) suMPER H2 TO HI 37 8) APPLY 220VAG S0/S9HZ POAER TO INPUT TERMINAL BOARD POINTS ALAND HA, 39 a 2.2, SHUNT CONNECTION . CURRENT ISOLATOR NODULE (NVEATS THE POLARITY OF THE (NCOMING SHUNT SIGNAL, a THEREFORE, IF + OUTPUT IS DESIRED FOR "+" CURRENT THE "+" SIDE OF THE SHUNT SHOULD SE TIED TO HVC INPUT ON THE INPUT TERMINAL 304A. tf 4 AM.” QUTPUT I$ O€S1RED FOR “e” CURRENT THEN THE ~" S1OE OF THE SHUNT sSHOULO SE TIED TO HYG INPUT. 47 9 CURRENT ISCLATCR MOOULE tsseccert GENERAL GD ELECTRIC tas ALDH, Vay USA mec 1A seaa Oem Jvc_780623 SHUNT 1SOLATOR asae2ec1 2k u spopy ROL Ts —o ~ mF 132, (el teat 8 si aenenar Q evecraie DRIVE SYSTEMS DEPT. SALEM, VA.USA, Net@ ALOCK OLAGRAM DSseOmnCTS eortanse 224 sun, 204egg SBcPeheANAARGRADKTIIVS FARBRSIISSERARRSBIBESERE leontien HASH NOSE | crve srsens prctuct oe. SALEM, VA, USA, tantoroma ie 2390 1278 aa 7 € . E ¥ € W 7 x qj 3 ) 1,0 DESCRIPTION oF OPERATION REFERENCE ELEMENTARIES bu USSODONCIA SH. AMA, “ABA 8 ZAK a assazaci! SH. 44d, 4Bh FOR DETAILED CIRCUITS AND CURRENT {SOLATOR SYMBOL. W 1,1 THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRENT ISOLATOR MODULE 1S TO PROVIDE AWPLIFI- 3 CATION GF A SHUNT SIGNAL (+40NY—> 400M FULL SCALE INPUT) TOA SUOY FULL SCALE QUTPUT, IT ALSO ISOLATES THE SHUNT SIGNAL FROX 13 GROUND (I.E. THE QUTPUT SIDE COMMON) IF NEEDED. IT WILL PROVIDE UP TO 2sa0vDe ISOLATION. 7 9 OPERATION 1S AS FOLLOW A) UNSYAG OR 290VAC SO/SQHZ [S$ CONMECTED IN THE PROPER RANNER (AS ea DESCRIGED IN THE APPLICATION NOTES FOR THE CURRENT ISOLATOR 3 MODULE). THIS WILL GEVELOPE 4 POWER SUPPLIES FOR THE 1SOLATOR. L, ISOLATED +15¥0¢ 23 2, ISOLATED -15v06 3. UNISOLATED +15voe a7 4, ONISOLATED -18¥0¢ 8) THE SHUNT 1S WIRED TO THE MODULE ALSO DESCRISED 1¥ APPLICATION 4 NOTES. THIS SUSHAL I$ THEN BROUGHT ONTO THE CURRENT IsoLAToR a CARD AMPLIFIED, ISOLATED ANG THEN CALIBRATED. | ¢) THE ISOLATED SIGNAL 1S THEN PROVIOED AT THE IFBK, TF8K> AND 33 IFAX- OUTPUTS. IFEX 1S THE NORMAL QUTPUT AND GOES BOTH "+" ag "2", "LPAKS" OUTPUT I$ THE SAME AS IFBK BUT S0ES THROUGH 35 A Q1ODE $0 THAT SEVERAL ISOLATORS CAN BE “¥IRE-ORED TO SELECT 2 THE MOST POSITIVE CURRENT QUTPUT. THE "IFBK-” 39 a 43 4s a7 49 Yaree| cenenarg@ eizeraie| eos SO Taezecit soci 2h eno 288 SALEM, VAs UsSedeD) THERE IS ANOTHER OUTPUT PROVIDED WHICH CAN BE USED TO NAKE SURE 28V POWER IS ON. THIS OUTPUT REQUIRES A PULL UP RESISTOR WO +5V OF 2.20K MAX. WHEN 28Y POWER HAS BEEN APPLIED, THIS OUTPUT (PWREN) WILL GO LOW. IF THE 28Y POWER FAILS AN OPEN OR HIGH IS “OUTPUTTED. THIS HIGH LEVEL CAM THEN BE USED TO KEEP SYSTEM FRON STARTING. ALSO IF THE CALIBRATING JUMPER IS LEFT 1M THE CAL Position CIMSTEAD OF RUN) THE PHREN SIGNAL WILL RENAIN OFF AND THE SYSTEM CANNOT BE STARTED. IF THE CALIGRATING JUMPER I$ LEFT OFF BOTH POSITIONS THEN & SATURATING SIGHAL IS APPLIED SO THE OVER CURRENT ClacUITS WILL SHUT THE SYSTEM oOWN, Se pe 28G_780623 Fae a FA277 2 [RACESY Gat STIAK DRIVE SYSTEMS DEFT. SALEM, VA. U.S.A, DSaS00NTIS Jeormovee 24 ono. 2681 Ont JVG_780623 rrr eee ari 22d 2.3, 2.2. SHUNT CONNECTION (CONT'D) SHUNT CONNECTION A) CONNECT PROPER SHUNT LEAD TO ISOCON INPUT (TB) B) CONNECT THE REWAINING LEAD FROW THE SHUNT TO THE WY input (Ta). _ TUNE-UP_INSTRUCTIONS A) CHECK ELEWENTARIES TO SEE MHAT THE OUTPUT SHOULD BE FOR INTERNALLY CALIBRATED REF. B) MOVE CALIARATING CONNECTOR TO CALIBRATE POSITION, ) AOJUST GAIN POT IS NEEDED FOR THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE NOTED IN STEP A OF THIS SECTION. Pouce v Aenenar @ evecraic omive svsTBe OC=T, SALEM, VA.US.A, 7 iscuaroa os3800NcIe Jeont. ons, 2EA 4 no, 2082.4.0 INSPECTION & CLEANING A) INSPECT MODULE FOR LOOSE HARDWARE WHICH WIGHT Y/BRATE LOOSE AND CAUSE DAMAGE DURING OPERATION. B) REMOVE PHB (WCIB CARD) ANO INSPECT IT FOR CONTAMINATION OR DAMAGE, REPLACE OR CLEAN AS NEEDED, C) WHEN CLEANING BOARDS USE A STIFF BRUSH AND A NOM REACTIVE CLEANING SOLUTION. 2.5.0 SPARE PART REWOVAL & REPLACEWENT. A) SF NCIB CARD HAS BEEN DAMAGED THE ENTIRE UNIT SHOULD BE REPLACED. WW on Ther? FaNTe TS TNEeR 5G 780623 | sce LY ZI pre Favs | pine WAOESY GL, STIRK cewenat Qeuecraie Rive SraTEus DEFT. SALEM, VA.USA. CURRENT iscLaTCR os3s00NciS Jeon ons, 2FA oi 50, 2582.6.1 2.6.2 MECHANICAL PARANETERS THE WO1B CURRENT ISOLATOR iS QUILT ON A 4.0 x 5.4 PRINTED WIRING. BOARD, HEIGHT OF THE BOARD IS APPROXIMATELY 1.0". THE NCIB IS DESIGNED TO BE USED IN A CURRENT ISOLATOR NODULE, 083820 WHICH HAS TERMINAL BOARDS FOR ALL COMMECTIONS TO THE SHUNT AND A 10 PIN RIBBON CONNECTOR FOR ALL CONNECTIONS TO AND FRON THE ELECTRONICS Wonute. ELECTRICAL PARANETERS & LINITATI ONS TAGE ay CALIBRATION - THERE IS PROVIDED A CAL PLUG WHICH AHEM MOVED TO THE INPUT ON THE TERMINAL BOARD, CAL POSITION JUMPERS It A PRECALIBRATED REFERENCE TO THE INPUT CT. THE GAIN ADJ. POT GAN BE ADJUSTED FOR THE PROPER VOLTS ON IFBX AS INDICATED IN THE ELEMENTARY. DUTPUT =-THE OUTPUT SIGNAL IFBK 1S SCALED FOR S10Y ~ 2¥AX, | CURRENT THROUGH THE SHUNT UP TO A MAX. OF SO4MY SHUNT QUTPUT: THIS SCALING 1S DONE WITH A SELECTASLE RESISTOR, (SEE SEC. 3.4.3). ORIVE CAPABILITY OF OUTPUT IS 1 HA AND CAN BE SHORT CIRCUITED TO COMMON INDEFINITELY WITHOUT DAMAGE TO THE CARD. ENABLE OUTPUT (PHREN) - 1S PROVIDED TO ACT AS A PERMISSIVE FOR THE REGULATOR, IT REQUIRES A PULLUP TO +5¥, OUTPUT DRIVE CAPABILITY 1S 1SMA MAX, FOR THE PNREN OUTPUT, pu cenenar QD euecrare| cunrer ssovarcr DRIVE SySTEYS OEPT. LOU: Gabe STIAK Ds an 3249.Ne 13 SALEM, VA.USA. cow ovat26.3. APPLICATION GHARAGTERISTICS ~ SHUNT WIRING ~ WIRING FROW THE SHUNT PAIR AND HANDLED AS LOW LEVEL WIRING, SHOULD BE SHORTER THAN 50 FT, BE TWISTED SHUNT LENGTH DUTPUT AIRING - OUTPUT MIRES ARE OUTPUTTED IN A 10 WIRE RIBBON CABLE AND HANOLED AS LOW LEVEL WIRING, LENGTH OF CABLE SHOULD BE SUCH THAT THE IMPEDANCE OF THE CABLE SHALL MOT EXCEED .1% OFTHE LOAD RESISTOR FOR THE FEEDBACK SIGNAL. CAPACITANCE OF CABLE SHOULD WOT EXCEED .O8ut, PREAMP GAIN - THE GAIN OF THE PRE-ANP IS DETERMINED BY A SELECTIGLE RESISTOR MOUNTED ON SADDLE CLAMPS. SEE TABLE 1, RANGES INDICATED ARE RANGES OF MILLIVOLT INPUTS WHICH WILL GIVE A 1OY OUTPUT, SEL RES WIM INPUT FROM MAX. INPUT FOR 1OY OUTPUT 47.58 42My s2Nv 3.2K su 83a 33.28 6oMy T3WY . 274K TUN uy 22.18 souy hiewy 18,2K rosmy 137a¥ 15.0% 1330¥ 186Wy 12.1K 185MY 208NY 10.0% 200Kv 250Wy 8.21K 243M 304Ny TANTS TS ute TeV OEH NG 780623 eVeencnar @cuccrae ORIVE SYSTEMS DEPTS L222 Reve Pay oun] SALEM, VA.US.A, CURRENT isoLaTCR DS3800NCI5 Jeowtons 2A 34 no, 2642.6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS E LIWITATIONS 2.6.5 2.6.4.1 TRANSIENTS Atl SOFTWARE NONE ISOLATION VOLTAGE 1500V ANS POTENTIAL BETWEEN HGH VOLTAGE COMMON AND ACOW) SHOULD NOT EXCEED CONTINUOUS RATE OF RISE OF TRANSIENTS SHOULD BE AIMITED TO LESS THAN SOV/USEC, OR DERATING OF ISOLATION REJECTION RATIO MUST BE DONE, HANDBOOK DESCRIPTION DS3BOONCIB 1S A FEEDBACK CONDITIONING CARD INTENDED TO PROVIDE THE NECESSARY ISOLATION (1500V RMS 2500 VOLTS PEAK) AND AMPLIFICATION OF AMILLIVOLT SHUNT SIGNAL SUCH THAT IT WILL PROVIDE AN ACCURATE CURRENT SIGNAL (TYPICALLY LESS THAN 1%) FOR THE USE IN SucH 7 APPLICATIONS AS SPILLOVER CURRENT LIMIT AND LOAD SALANCING AND CURRENT REGULATION. TE oer WG 780623 Fa PRINTSTS autee enna euecrmie| cueeevr vseuaren ORIVE SISTOMS 0: SALEM, VA.U.om 1¢ 2330 12-76 ——————— af y 07 09 a 3 5 1% 29 n 3 35 7 9 Oy ry as a 49 €) OUTPUT WORKS THE SAME AS THE IFAK+ OUTPUT BUT FOR NEGATIVE OUTPUTS, 4) THERE 1 AMOTHER GUTPUT PROVIDED WHICH CAN BE USED TO MAKE SURE CONTROL POTER (I.E. AC SUPPLY) HAS BEEN TURMED ON. REQUIRES A PULL UP RESISTOR TO +5Y OF TOK. HER AC APPLIED THIS QUTPUT (PHREN) WILL 80 Low. THIS QUTPUT POHER HAS BEEK GENERAL GD etsctaie ALM, Vay US CURRENT IScLATCR ScouLe peaezccit alo7 be 1.0 MODULE CHECK GUT " A) REMOVE SHUNT INPUTS AMD JUWPER “CAL TO PCAL. 3 8) CHECK PHREN QUTPUT; IT SHOULD BE LOW (1.€. LESS THAM .SY, ALSO MAKE SURE PHREM GUTPUT IS PULLED UP TO +5 VOLTS THROUGH A 19K RESISTOR). 8 1 PHREN 1S NOT LESS THAN. .SYDC CHECK AC INPUT PORER CONNECTIONS AND MAKE SURE CORRECT JUNPERS ARE ON FOR THE VOLTAGE BEING APPLIED, v7 IF INPUT POWER CONNECTIONS ARE OK AND PHREN IS STILL HIGH REPLACE NOLA CARD. 2 &) CHECK IFSK OUTPUT. IT SHOULD BE SETHEEN 2.S¥ AND TivOC DEPENDING 2 OM THE RANGE SELECTED BY “44. IN PARTICULAR IT SHOULD BE 23 +a ky tas 25 2k | Fo IF IT TS AT IN THIS RANGE REPLACE caag, so x 33 35 7 39 a a “3 R44 1S SELECTISLE RESISTOR ON OAUGHTER ag4RO. 47 49 1 Pa RENT [SCLATER 913 9/7 6 = TROUBLE SHOOTING 1NSTRUCTIONS CURRENT ISOLATOR MODULEDIL MELL DRILLING REGULATOR (SERIES woTDA) CAT. NO, Dsi@oqNoa si as 09" caro COMPONENT BOARD OSSECONCEL 1S USED TO PROVIDE ADJUSTMENTS Foa vowe. REFER 10 GEX-S1630 FOR HANDLING AND STORAGE INFORMATION, CLEANING AND RECALISRATIGN REGUIREMENTS, SPARE PART AENOVAL AND REPLACEMENT, STANGAAD TUNE-UP INSTRUCTIONS, AND APPLICABLE TEST NODULES. En OF SERIES CTR ORIVE SvSTRNS DEPT. DSS tea SALE! cove 128 pve 4ab) YO AMSTALLATIOW AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS T.+ SPECIAL TEST £0U1 PWENT MAINTENANCE MODULE DS9820RTH AS DESCRIBED IN GEK-61680 2. AQUUSTNENTS THE ADJUSTNENTS FOR THIS CARD ARE ON COMPONENT Bo4RD, DS280GNCRA WOUNTED IWAN ADJACENT SLOT. 12 PAIR OF SADDLE CLAWPS ARE USED TO ESTABLISH COARSE OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR A DRIVE. THE FOLLOWING VERNIER POTS ARE AVAILABLE TO FINE TUNE THE DRI WITH DRIVE SUICIDED, ADJUST VOLTAGE OW FLUX (PAzS) fe, + O.tsY s.aiy, ANG ~ RESIOUAL FLUX. (TPE). NORMAL ¥ AMI - ANPLUFIER OFFSETS, WITH DRIVE SUICIDED, AOJUST VOLTAGE ON YFBx (Pat2) (1P7) TOO + Ory, AHI - TOP SPEED ADIUST, WITH SPEED REFERENCE AT +19.0V, ADIUST TOP SPEED AT NO LOAD. FOR CEMENT PUPS THIS IS NORMALLY 2900 ReW. FOR RIGS WITHOUT CEMENT PUNPS CONSULT SYSTEM SOCUNENTATION AHS - OVERSPEED ADJUST. SET OVERSPEED TRIP. NOWINAL SETTINGS ARE LISTED FOR ANY OF THE FOUR METHODS OF TESTING. CEMENT PUMP --~--------.- 2200 RPM CEMENT PUMP AND TEST BUTTON - ~ -1100 RPW OTHER ORIVES- ~~ ~~ ~~ - — ~ 1420 RPM OTHER DRIVES AND TEST BUTTOX~ - - 880 RPW fhe RHI AND RHE MAY BE ADJUSTED AS SOON AS THE PONER SUPPLY I$ CHECKED AMO ALL CARDS ENERGIZED. SEE SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION FOR OTHER STEPS, AS SEVERAL CARDS Age INVOLVED IN THE TUNE~UP. sane Fanta te eng ypeee wenn ORI les ucTeR CRIvE SYSTEKS CEPT. TERE e SALEM, VA.USA._lecovae 24 ano, 1246b vy nv D » 5» Flux 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION 2.1.0 THIS SECTION DESCRIBES THE BASIC OPERATION OF THE SERIES WOTOR FEEDBACK CARD OSSGONOWB, MOTOR VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SIGNALS ARE COMBINED TO GENERATE SPEED FEEDBACK AND OVERSPEED FOR THE AMALOS REGULATOR CARD OS2800NONA, THE WAJOR CARD FUNCTIONS ARE: 2.2 FLUX FUNCTION BENERATOR SINCE THE SERIES MOTOR OPERATES IM A YERY SATURATED MODE, A THREE PIECE FUNCTION GENERATOR UTILIZING AN OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (a22d] 18 USED TO GENERATE THE FLUX SIGNAL FROW THE NOTOR CURRENT INPUT MOTOR CURRENT S1GMAL 1g | [A240] FOR ONE MOTOR, AND THE LOWER of wi oRw2 [4i9e] FOR THO NoTORS. "I "| PROVIDES A INCREASE TO COMPENSATE FOR LONER SENSOR GAIN 1.85 RESIOUL oy —_— ee CURRENT TO FLUX FUNCTION GENERATOR, VOLTAGE/FLUX DIVIDER TO CALCULATE SPEED (INCLUDES 4-2 CON VERTER FOR THE FLUX SIGNAL AND DIVIDING O-L). VOLTAGE-CURRENT COMPARATORS TO GENERATE OVERSPEED SUGNAL. TERO CURRENT DETECTOR. 1 MOTOR OR 2-MOTOR CURRENT RECALISRATION. LOWER MOTOR CURRENT Is SELECTED IN 2 MOTOR OPERATION. SPEED CONTROL IS ACHIEVED BY APPLYING THE APPROXIMATION THAT MOTOR SPEED 1S APPAOX(WATELY EQUAL TO MOTOR TERMINAL VOLTAGE DIVIDED BY THE FLUX. FLUX IS RELATED TO CURRENT BY THE MOTOR SATURATION CURVE. saacners ( “] REFER TO LOCATIONS OX THE SYMBOL SH. 244, TAB. cain F ee x LOW SPEED Flux HIGH SPEED Flux CURRENT FIG. 2.2 FLUX FUNCTION | Due, [ESET (geea ao! N° 4.2 pun euuerion cevenuros (conta) 1 et 2.4 SPEED SIGNAL THE VARIABLE COMPONENT NETWORK AT [OSC] PRovines FoR VERNIER TRIMMING OF THE INITIAL SLOPE AS WELL AS TINE CONSTANTS TO CANCEL THE EFFECTS OF THE NAGHINE E901 CURRENT TIME CONSTANT. VARIABLE RESISTORS AT [A30C] CAM ADJUST THE THO BREAK POINTS OF THE FUNCTION GENERATOR, A TWO_T0 QNE SCALE CHANGE FOR ONE OR THO MOTOR gpenation Is salrcieo at [azse] CONVERTER THE ANALOG FLU SUGHAL 1S CONVERTED TO AN EIGHT BIT DIGITAL WoRD ay A SEARCHING 4-0 DOWVERTER (UTILIZING A Q-A CONVERTER [A20T]., A con PaReTOR Ch20N] AAG AN UP/O0eN cOUNTza™ [100]. CTHE-COwPAaATOR COMPARES THE ANALOG CIGMAL WITH THE OUT#UT GF THE DA CONVERTER ANC QETEAMINES HBETHER THE COUNTER SHOULD COUNT UP 8 DOWN TO NAME THE DIGITAL OAD EQUAL THE ANALOG INPUT. THIS WORD HILL JITTER AT A7 442 RATE. T GAN JITTER EITHER ONE OR THO BITS, THUS PROVIDING HALF STEP AESOLUTION NEGLECTING MOTOR LOSSES, MOTOR SPEED 15 EQUAL TO MOTOR VOLTAGE CIvIDED BY THE FLUX, THE FLUX 1S THE OVGITAL INPUT TO LMULTIPLTING O-4 CON VERTER WHOSE GUTPUT IS MOTOR SPEED Ties FLux [432 THE O-k guT?UT 1§ COMPARED WITH THE MOTOR VOLTAGE Signau_ [380] ( +8V ON YFaK IS = fa'vours) ayo roaces AN TaTzsaaToa Asia] -I¥ THE O-4 FeepeAc Looe TO FIND THE VALUE OF SPEED (N 1S - 10 VOLTS FDR 2000 44 )THAT MAKES SPEED TIMES FLUX EQUAL THE MOTOR voLTace. poT wus [4398] (S70 ADI) Is PROVIDED T0 ALLOW ADJUSTMENT OF THE OIVISION GAIN 5 oveRsPEeD FOR OVERSPEED DETECTION, SPEED IS A CONSTANT (N= -11 VOLTS 08 2200 RPM), THUS FOR GVERSPEZD TO OCCU YOLTAGE O1YIOED aY FLUX MUST 3E GREATER THAM SOME CONSTANT SPEED MAXC Yo DX). SINCE OVERSPEED WILL ONLY OCCUR IN THE UNSATURATED REGION, FLUX CAN BE REPLACED BY CURRENT (SINCE FLUX CAN NOW BE CONSIDERED PROPORTIGNAL TO CURRENT). THUS, OVERSPEED OCCURS #HEN VOLTAGE (0SK] BECOMES HIGHER THAN THE PROPERLY SCALED CURNENT SIGNAL (e231) ck RESIDUAL OVERSPEED CANNGT OCCUR AT 4 LOW LEVEL OF ¥OLT- ATE, A cOMPARATOR [807M] LOCKS QUT THE OVERSPEED SIGNAL UNLESS THE VOLTAGE 1S ABOVE A FIXED LEVEL OF 9% (67 VOLTS). 4 SECOND cOMPAPATOR [aigu] CONPARES VOLTAGE WITH CURRENT AS SCALE 8Y THE OVER SPO POT AHS Gay THE OVERSPEED SIGNAL SETS A FLIP-FLOP MHICH TURNS ON THE LED Cpo7d] ano ears our tHE oveaspeco reuay cose [erst]. THE RST swi7 S20] 08 A POWER APPLIED RESET CLEARS THE FLIP-FLOP. AS OS TEST sWited” [3737] ReguCes THE OVERSPEED CALISRATION BY 90% SO THE CIRCUIT CAN GE TESTED WITHOUT ACTUALLY OVERSPEEDING THE MOTOR. CURRENT RECALI~ AQATION FOR ONE 08 THD HOTOR OPERATION 1S PROVIDED THRU LOSIC INPUT IMB. woroR URRENT SONAL 15 "0 (A87F]FOR ONE MOTOR, aND THE LOWER OF Mt OR 42 ( (aareleon ro woroR nice ATA. ENERAL Gy ELECTAIC| a [sae ORIVE SYSTEMS OT. [a caene1d 18 liefeae_ | | ice Lp daeuleenenar ? er OES ay j DRIVE SYSTENS 08 1eR0 CURRENT FOR ADDED PROTECTION, 4 COMPARATOR MONITORS THE CURRENT INPUT SIGNAL I. WHENEVER THE MOTOR CURRENT OROPS SELOW 75, THE COMPARATOR KILL ORO? OUT THE ZERO CURRENT RELAY THRU OZCR.. THIS SIGNAL CAN BE USED TO PREVENT THE ARMATURE REVERSING " CONTACTOR FROM OPENING UNOER LOAD, SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS OVERSPEED PROTECTION IS BASED ON HAVING AN OVERSPEED DETECTION CIRCUIT IN ADDITION TO TRE SPEED FEEDBACK CALCULATION CIRCUIT. SHOULD THE SPEED CALCULATOR FAIL, THE OVERSPEED CIRCUIT WILL TRIP THE ORIVE. SHOULD THE DVERSPEED CIRCUIT FAIL, THE SPEED CALCULATOR WILL CONTROL SPEED. REDUN~ DANCY OF WIRING FOR POWER SUPPLY, VOLTAGE SENSING, AND ONE OR TWO NOTOR AECALISRATION Logic IS USED. Loss OF THE CURRENT SIGNAL WILL CAUSE AN OVERSPEED TRIP. SINGE THE CURRENT SIGMAL IS TAKEN FROM" |" QN THE NOWA CARD, THEN THE CURRENT FALLING “OM” WILL STOP THE RIVE THROUGH THE CURRENT LIMIT CIRCUIT (SEE DS3B00NOMA). FAILURE OF PONER SUPPLIES WILL ACT AS FOLLONS: P28, P5, OR AIS WILL DROP OUT OVEASPEED RELAY THAU THE LOBIC CIRCUITRY. | LOSS OF PTS WILL TAN OFF THE FIaiNG clacuIT, NFCA OR NFCB. Tf AM AMPLIFIER SHOULD FAIL 1¥ THE SATURATED STATE, IMoK Licnt [A488] WILL TURN OFF. OPERATIONAL INPUTS = 1 (PAA8): CURRENT SIGNAL. TAKE FROM | TERMINAL OM KOWR, 10Y AT 1800 AMPS ONE NOTOR, SOK. <10V AT 900 AMPS TWO MOTORS, SOK. ~ VES (PAA): VOLTASE SIGNAL, TAME FROM VFB TERMINAL OF NOWA. -8Y AT T50Y FOR LOAO OPERATION, SOK. BY AT 750¥ FOR REGENERATION, SOK. = ye0s (PAM), YEG (PAGS): DIFFERENTIAL INPUT FOR REDUNDANT TOLTAGE SIGNAL. TAKE FROM NFC3. + 3.82 VOLTS AT 750¥, 30K. = 1PSE (PATA): POWER SUPPLY ENERGIZED RESET. ZERO TO RESET, ONE LOAD. = 1WA (PAZ), IMB PAGO): REDUNDANT LOGIC INPUTS TO CALIBRATE CURSENT FOR ONE OR THO MOTOR OPERATION. LOGIC "I" FOR ONE MOTOR OPERATION. ONE LOAD. = Oc? (PASS): LOGIC ZERO TO RAISE QVERSPEED THI? FOR CEMENT PUMP ONE Loto. EX NT, =KOl2 => TH Kp Tp 4054-5 fs SERIES MOTOR Combining Equations 1 & 2 NKy® = = Vp = Taka = E or Ne Vz - IyRA ky 8 i Wt - TARA 5 Ky = Kye Kala If no load Ig —> Ol As Inb, nt This tells us that a series motor must always have 2 load connected to prevent Ip from going to zero. = Always Direct/Gear connect. Never use belts (they can break allowing I, —> 0)4-5 atl SERIES MOTOR From = TaRy Kala We can see that the series motor self protects against excessive overloads. Astat ny4)! Series Motor - Regeneration Must reverse CEMF just like a shunt motor One Way: Reverse Armature — oir =— Ve 7 Vp Moro re REGEN 2 ae Ia iit s!| da c u +ait SERIES MOTOR - SPEED Since we do not want to use a tachometer to te7l us how fast the series motor is going, we must "calculate" speed (N) fron the following equation. ne Vor TARA 7 Vr - TARA Kala Kyo Where . Terminal Volts a Armature Current e Flux In The Machine Q Is a non-linear transfer function aWW 45 SERIES MOTOR - REGULATOR Two cards are added to the 12-slot card rack in order to accomodate series motor operation, 1, NOWB: Combines V7 and Ig to generate speed feedback and overspeed for the NOMA Card. 2. NCBA: Is a component board that holds trimpots and variable components for the current to flux function generator that is used by NOWS for speed calculation.2) Now CARD 1 ) ) ) ) 5) FUNCTIONS Current ‘to flux function generator. Voltage/flux divider to calculate speed. Voltage - Current comparators to generate overspeed signal. Zero current detector One motor or two motor current recalibration.405 ai NOWB Speed control is achieved by applying the approximation gtlotor Losses Flux (9) is related to current by the motor saturation curve. Flux G7 SOW SPEED FLUX atari HIGH SPEED FLUX UH CURRENT— Tiana wom ™ farimee. BP Bend Revewer,— —SE un on 1 ran tease 1 > | rp I Peete | fo Ce oo ee te 1 Met auPE ERANOWE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Overspeed protection is based on having an overspeed detection circuit in addition to the speed feedback calculation circuit. Should the speed calculator fail, the overspeed circuit will trip the drive. Should the overspeed circuit fail, the speed calculator will control speed. Redundancy of wiring for power supply, voltage sensing, and one or two motor recalibration logic is used. Loss of the current signal will cause an overspeed trip. Since the current signal is taken from "I" on the NOWA card, then the current failing “on” will stop the drive through the current limit circuit (See NOWA). Failure of poner supplies will act as follows: P28, PS, or N15 will drop out overspeed relay thru the logic circuitry. Loss of P15 will turn off the firing circuit (NFCB). If an amplifier should fail in the saturated state, INOK LED will turn off.NOWB TEST POINTS NAME 4-5 FUNCTION 1 FLUX +10V = Flux at 1500 amps 2 ACOM eI TSTA -10V: To test flux function generator 4 ‘TSTB -8V: To test voltage input 5 CLK 7K HZ Clock 6 N -10V = 2000 RPM 7 VFBX ++8V = 750V TSTD -10V: To Test 0.S. "Current" Amp. . 9 TSTC +BY: To Test 0.S. "Voltage" Amp. 0 TSTH +8V: Monitor 0.5. "Voltage" Amp. v TSTG ~10V: To test zero current. comparator Lishts + 0.S. Red Lit indicates overspeed MOK Yellow Lit indicates OK Unlit indicates replace card Switches Reset 0.8. 0.5. TestNowB. 45 ADJUSTMENTS. The adjustments for this card are on component board NCBA mounted in an adjacent slot. 12 pair of saddle clamps are used to establish coarse operating conditions for a drive. The following vernier pots are available to fine tune the drive: RHE, RHI RHS RHS Residual Flux. With drive suicided. Adjust voltage on flux TP1. Normal Value. +0.15 +.01V. Amplifier Offsets. With drive suicided. Adjust voltage on VFBX TP7 to 0+ .OW. Top speed adjust. With speed reference at +10.0V, adjust top speed at no load, For cement pumps this is normally 2000 RPM. For rigs without cement pumps consult system documentation. Overspeed adjust. Set overspeed trip. Nominal settings are listed for any of the four methods of testing. Cement Pump -------------- 2200 RPM Cement Pump and Test Button - - - - - - 1100 RPM Other Drives-------------- 1420 RPM Other Drives and Test Button- - - - - - 720 RPM TUNEUP RHI and RH8 may be adjusted as soon as the power supply is checked and all cards energized. See system documentation for other steps, as several cards are involved in the tuneup.teat = GO amps cul Funct en N \Joltens pg 0\ Ne - | Phere oh Mou Reyes sig Plusgiag Vo focd bake Nee Unisunet (en | [annie Single Pll Ay 113 2i@ 132025 a7 2 x 33 35 37 39 a a 45 a7 49 a Case 1 Motor field #1 1s shown connected in the normal manner to the 112 volt transformer taps. The rectifier output vill appear as ‘The average DC volts across the field 1s 112 X.9 = 100.8 volts. Field current will, of cour: be relatively free of ripple due to the field inductance. Field volts may be changed by connecting to other transformer taps and do not necessarily need to be balanced voltages on either side of the 0 volt taps (for example connecting one side to the 112 volt tap and the other to the 86 volt tap). This will provide a DC voltage of 112+ 96 X0.9 = 89.1 volts. The rectifier output voltage will appear as: — chcdeveldall «ey ennr GP ELECTRIC 6 277A505 s 2 SALEM, VA. U.S.A.IV. MOTOR FIELD ADJUSTMENT - Continued : " 3 5 7 a 23 25 a7 29 x 33 35 7 9 45 47 Again the long time constant of the field - on the order of 2 seconds - will smooth out the current. The following steps are available. TAPS De VOLTS TAPS BC_VOLTS 146 = 146 13L.& 42 - 112 100.8 146 = 120 119.7 112 - 103 96.8 146 - 2 116.1 103 - 103 92.7 120 - 120 108 103 - “86 85.1 120 = 112 104.4 86 - 86 17.4 Case It Motor field: #2 4s showa connected "half-vave". This is sometimes required when a very low field strength 4s needed - such as in cement pump high speed operation. The rectifier output voltage then appears as: ‘The long field time constant will again tend to smooth out the field current. ‘The voltages available in this configuration are: Tae De VOLTS 146 65.7 120 5h 12 50.4 103 46.4 86 38.7 ‘The dashed Line connection 1s required for the half-vave configuration. ‘This provides a "free wheeling" diode for dissipating the stored energy in the f1eld during the non-conducting half cycle. Without this connection 069 ‘0D, Foster ne. 4INSTRUCTIONS O- 1500 Amps) HED O- m4 O- 10 Vb6 eT O-IMA TH XDUCER Ic 3605 THYRISTOR FIELD EXCITERS Information contained herein is Proprietary Information of the General Electric Company. The dissemination or use of this information for any other purposes than that for which it is provided is prohibited by the General Electric Company except by express permission. GENERAL QQ ELECTRICCONTENTS Subject Pag INTRODUCTION. SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER NOTES. ‘A, General Description ...... ee 1 BL SCR and Diode Types Utilized in Exciters . . ‘i 1 C. SCR and Diode Characteristics ...... 24. i 3 D. General Considerations and Precautions . . . 5 4 SCR THYRISTOR FIELD EXCITERS ~ UNIJUNCTION FIRED EXCITER 5 ‘A, Mechanical Description 5 1, Catalog Number Code 6 2, Catalog Number - Elem. 1 B, Compatibility ....... 5 7 C. Plugging... - 7 D. SCR Firing Methods +. . 10 E, Electrical Description . . 2 1, Block Diagrams a, Nonreversing Exeiters . . 12 b, Reversing Exciters Lil ag 2, Basic Power Circuit: a NP CT.. 7 ny b. NX Bridge +++ ees c, NP Bridge i Phase fi Dod @ NP Bridge 3 Phase... a e. FP CT 15 f. FP 1 Phase Bridge 245 g. FP 3 Phase Bridge . +. 1 fh. Quarter Reversing QP) - 168 F. How to Put an Exciter in Service . 1" G. Trouble Shooting . . ‘i aT 1, Single Phase Excite eee eee eee ‘i 17 2. CT - Waveshapes - Line - Cell’ - Gate - Load (On-908-Off). . « 20 . NP - Waveshapes - Line - Cell - Gate - Load (On-909-O10). a c. NX - Waveshapes - Line - Cell - Gate - Load (On-909-Of0). . - FP - Waveshapes - Line - Cell - Gate - Load (On-90°-Off) . e. QP - Waveshapes . Ba 2, Three Phase Exciters Pere ne ee cen pee a. NP - Waveshapes - Line - Cell - Gate - Load (On-909-Off) b, FP - Waveshapes - Line - Cell - Gate - Load (On-90°-Off) c. QP - Waveshapes. ... ‘ p 3, Card Test Points - Waveshapes . 4. Exciter Bias Adjustment H, Parts .........0- 1, Firing Circuit - Basic Deseripiion © Appendix with Schematic and ” Application Notes... er 2, Gate and Filter Circuits... 0.202 esse 5 43 3, Power Supplies ...... ++ 5 41 ‘4, Component Board’. aT 5. Reversing Logic . . coo 41 8, Saturable Reactor . . 56 1, Line Filters .... ++R PUCW STIBOCIOL ~ S& - THYRISTOR FIELD EXCITERS ‘The following instructions refer to the theory, operation and maintenance of the General Electric [AC to DC SCR power supply thyristor field exeiters, ‘Type 103605. ‘The instructions do not purport to cover all de~ tails or variations in equipment, or to provide for ‘every possible contingency to be met in connection ‘with operation or maintenance. Should further in formation be desired or should particular problems arise whichare not covered sufficiently for the pur- chaser’s purposes, the matter should be referred to the General Electric Company. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The silicon controlled rectifier, or SCR as it is more commonly called, is a three-terminal semi- Conductor device. Itis much like anordinary silicon Fectifier which has been modified to block in the forward direction until a small positive current signal is applied to the gate load. After the gate sig- fal is applied, the SCR will conduct in the forward Glrectionwith a forward characteristic very similar tothatof anordinary silicon rectifier, and will continue forward conduction even after the gate signal is removed, The SCR has characteristics similar to those of a gas thyratron, except that the forward drop is about 1/10th that of a thyratron (approximately 1,0 volt) and the turn-off time is much less than that of a thyratron (35-125 microseconds), INTRODUCTION ‘The SCR exetters described in this manual are used as power amplifiers. They are firedby either ‘2 unijunction transistor firing circuit or an amplistat firing circuit. A control signal of a few milli ‘amps will control outputs up to 300 amps convection cooled. The resulting power gain makes the SCR one of the most sensitive control devices. This ex- traordinary power gain makespossible control circuits using very low level signals. Low power control components, plus the fact that the device is static, make these SCR exciters free from many of the problemsassociated with rotating exciters. Ex- citer current ratings are established for operation in a 55 C ambient temperature. SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER NOTES For acomplete discussion of the theory of operation and all aspects of silicon controlled rectifiers, the reader is referred to the General Electric SCR Manual. B. SCR AND DIODE TYPES UTILIZED IN EXCITERS ‘The following SCR's and diodes are utilized: SCR C35 ‘Stud Mount SCR C137 Stud Mount, SCR C350 SCR C280 ‘PRESS-P. SCR C291 ‘Clamp on Stud Diode A390 PRESS-PAK Diode IN2160 Stud Mount See Table 1 for Cell Application.TABLE 1. SCR AND DIODE APPLICATION SGR THYRISTOR FIELD ENCITERS Tae aa] aes pars vous ee we ae soe ee po ee SE ot | om | uezfess [four | [Power a eae Jom | so | see]ess jess fenr | |. Jao a | 35535 oaz | aso ef [oe few | - fa 3 fas ovo | 090 exo |. | cso | act 1 | ow | so | 2 | e380 [caso | cao | | [aso 1 |e oso | aso firs |. | | = fos |. |os0 > | ow | 360 | is [esse |caso | exe | - |... | 560 1 |e aoa mes re ee | alo | eee ee ee oso | iso [ise |caso fesse | css} |. | ase 1 fis 100 25.0 - SS c350 - 230 3 150 ovo . aaa [ess [ess | cso | fo. | aso 1 aso 109 sso [esse | -- | caso | wo 3 fiso we aie [eso | cate | cso | 20 1 {co 180 ssf fe | | see moa [aso zo | x60 | as2 | exo [esse | cso |. wo [300 uso | sco [ee [cso | =. | cszo | aso > [sso so | aso fos fe fe fo fea fe fase > feo oo | so fs fen | fem | | fa 2 _|éeo RECTIFIER FIELD ExCITERS wo | aso fas fo fo fo 1 fan fuss 3 |rse soo [aso fas | [| | fas fies s_ [00 “The diode used with the SCR in the NX exciter is ae follows: 35 - mnai6o 6350 - A390 6380 = A330. SCR AND DIODE CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 2, SCR CHARACTERISTICS Revers Repastive Blocking | Trigger | Max. Cate Holding | Current | Current | Trigger” | Purchase |Pare No, Correst | nom | leg | Voltage [Pare Dwg. | ater | ac Ho | ipo | 24 | Vor” | Number | Potting | Power toe Be fest | ma. ¥ sua7a | 205as7_|votease| cur | 500 500 |oampat | 100 3s 0 > | ome | | 20 = 90% case ° e350 | soo soo |4oame at | 500 ry 150 > | sexe. | ospxe | 230 = 110°C case temp. e380 | 1000 | 1000" Jaoampar | 500 7 150 a | vspxp | sspxp | 460 P heee eas temp. cata | 500 soo |ooampar | soo Ry 150 2 | sxe | sexe | 230 5 110°C a temp. sto | 1000 | 1000 [soampar | 500 1 130 3 | ospxp | sapxe | 460 > {108 case temp. cast | 500 s00 |asoampat | 100 S 150 as [oe | + | 20 ® 108°C case temp. ez | 1000 | 1000 | isoampat | 100 7 180 as [oe |. | 460 Pe 198°C case temp. cas | 600 600 |at.samp | 100 s “ a [orem | = | a0 iv 319090 ease temp. TABLE 2, DIODE CHARACTERISTICS Waximum lnepetitive | Maximum | Full Load Part No. Peak Rev. |Avg-Fwd, | Reverse | Purchase | After | AC Voltage | Current | Current | Part | Potting | Power Tre _| vam Ame ma____| Dwg. No. | 205457- [voltage aso | soo [250 | 10 | 6aarzes | ospxe | 230 = 16, 130°. PE, stud temp. 330 | 1000 [250 ro |eaazzes | ospxp | 460 P 14, 130°C XP stud temp. mvaigo] 600 {25, JI 2 |reraasig | --- 230 145% PIS 7 stud temp.D. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS Gate Voltage 1. ‘The gate should never be allowed to become more than five volts negative with respect to the cathode, Gate Power 2, Peak gate power should be kept below 10 watts. Recovery 3, If the anode-to-cathode current is reduce’ just to zero, the SCR will recover its ability to block forward voltage in approximately 100 microseconds. By applying areverse voltage to the SCR from 2 low impedance source, reverse current will flow and the recovery time will be reduced. Forward Breakover 4. The SCR may fireorturn onas atwo-terminal, device; if breakover action occurs below the rated repetitive forward blocking voltage, no Permanent damage will be incurred. ‘Thermal Contact 5. Good thermal contact between the semicondue- tor and the heat sink requires adequate pressure between these two surfaces. Ventilation 6. Be sure tokeep the ventilation paths in the exciter open. Blocking ventilation paths in the exciter ean cause it to overheat, causing er- atic operation or damaged components, All exciters except those utilizing the C35 and C197 cells have forced ventilation ratings. The air flow requirements for individual exeiters are stated on the elementary diagrams, In general, the forced ventilation rating will be Just below twice the conveetion-cooled rating. Fuse Protection 7, Fuses used inthese exciters have been chosen for their fast-blow characteristic. A fast blowing fuse is needed to protect the SCR cells, and an ordinary fuse of the same current ‘rating will not protect the cells against short circuits. 8, The PRESS"PAK SCR has been designed to operate with either the anode or the cathode toward the heat sink. If the SCR is removed from the heat sink, it is imperative that it be replaced with the same anode-cathode orientation. Instructions for removal and replacement of cells are printed on the back of the front cover. If doubt exists as to the proper orientation, the elementary diagram should be consulted. Fight hundred pounds pressure is required to compress the cell and allow current to flow through the thyristor. This pressure is provided by a special assembly. Wf the cell isnotcompressed, ohmmeter read- ‘ings may not be possible, Assembly of PRESS“PAK SCR Cell in General Electric Mounting Kit ‘The PRESS-PAK, when mounted as shown in Fig. 1, Will Rave an external force of 800 Ibs + 10% properly applied. 1, Place the bolts (12) through the spring (11), the heat sink (10) as shown in the sketch, 2, Slip the insulating sleeves (4) over the bolts (a2). 3, Place the spring with swivel (2) inposition as shown, and add the nuts (1). Finger tighten the nuts justenough to support the spring with swivelandholdthe bolts in an upright position, 4. Insert the PRESS-PAK" (8) in the locator, ‘making suré that If drops into the centering hole of the locator. The PRI may be assembled in either of two ways depending upon the desired polarity of the heat sink, 8, For single-side cooling, center the copper terminal (7) and the insulation (6) over the PRESS PAK and under the swivel pad (5). 6. Finger tighten the set screw (3) just enough to hold all parts together. 7. Wrench tighten the set screw (9) 1-9/4 turns. ‘This will place a load of 800 Ibs = 10% on the ‘PRESS PAK untFh co Ph» 1/4-20 Nut, Hex Ha. (2 Req'd) } 18) ee (2). Spring with Swivel (3) Set Screw Inaulating Sleeve on Bolt (2 Req'd) Swivel Pad (6) Insulation Single-side cooling Fig. 1. (9) Gate Lead (10) Heat Sink and Terminal (11) Spring. (12) 1/4220 Bolt, Hex Hé. (2 Reg’) t (0) Sapper Terrinat = | SEES PAR ‘Assembly of FRESS-FAK to heat tink Ml. SCR THYRISTOR FIELD EXCITERS—UNIJUNCTION FIRED » MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION ‘Typical photographs of single-phase and three- phase exeiters are shown in Figs, 2 and 3. All exciters, whether single or three phase, unijunction or amplistat, are a unitized assembly and approximately 12 inches deep. The width is 24 Inches except those exciters which utilize the C291 SCR cell (36 inches wide). The height of the exciters is a functionof the cell type, the number of power phases and the exciter function. See Table 3. The printed wiring cards used with the exciters are located on the left side of the exciter and are mounted in individual Lexan" boxes. These cards ccan be spot checked inplace by means of test points. Ifa card must be replaced, it is only necessary to remove two screws and pull the card from its box. Fig. 2. ‘One pheve exciter Fig. 3, Three phose exciterSubassemblies such as heat sinks are mounted TABLE 3. EXCITER HEIGHT on Lexan feet, which in turn are mounted on the main assembly by meansof screws and captive nuts. 7 Slotted or tear-shapedholes allow removal of some Namber of subassemblies by simply loosening the mounting a SCR Cell screws. Function [C137 | 350 | 380 | G29] _These excitersare built using many interchange- able parts and subassemblies, This allows the cus- we wejwx fire | an | zee tomer whose system contains several different exciters tomaintain aminimum spare parts inventory. 36 NP, CPE |19" Lad 30 a All the exciters are of rugged design, utilizing ? heavy gage steel construction, Electrical power wp fie | 22 comections are made on the side of exciters using e " | PRESS PAKS; they are made on the top of exciters ae ae an a se ‘using C291 and C137 cells. The exciters are open ‘on top and bottom to allow air flow. CATALOG NUMBER CODE 1, Format = eset Tf tT I 1 ¥ SESS oF 1 6 ee oc R ov vo oo aus ro oR oN -bL EOEE NooR ¢ fT RA oF TOA ot 8 No ot Go ¥ E ? ee N E Pp ° I N T 2. Firing - A « Amplistat 60 Cycle 5. Voltage - 090 = 90 Voit C.T. 14 only B+ Amplistat 50 Cycle 180 = 180 Volt 16 only G = Unijunction 60 Gycle Feedback 250 = 250 Volt (CPE only) D = Unijunction $0 Cycle Feedback 360 = 360 Volt 16 only E = Unijunction 60 Cycle No Feedback 560 = 560 Volt 36 only F = Unijunction 50 Gyele No Feedback X = Other 6. Wire Type - F = Flamenco! 3. Current -018 : 7. Color ~ G = Gray (Standard) o22 (CPE only) B = Black (nonstandard) oo : 050 : (GPE only) 8, Release Point ~ This applies to reversing 080 exciters only. 100 = 100 Amp. AONE, Ni, CP, UR 120 = 120 Amp. Blur 150 = 150 Amp. Berne 300 = 200 Amp. 9. Base - Base "y" 4. Function - NP Nonreversing, Plugging pond NX _ Nonreversing, Nonplugging . FP - Fell Reversing, Plugging CP - Constant Potential Exciter2, CATALOG NUMBER - BLEMENTARY DIAGRAM CROSS RE ENCE TABLE CATALOG # ELEMENTARY| CATALOG # ELEMENTARY| 2608 oiexrove- 684993680 1c3605 A or B _OA0NP360-62A992644 Olanrono. Seag9s6s7 G8, Bor F oaoneseo. — stagssce! Olarease- 6eagnne7? Ror b | oganxseo: — Goag936s2 oaonPov0- Sbaana642 C,0, or F osoneseo. — Gnasoaet2 OaoNPO90- 66993659 E..E or F osoreseo- — saazezsel €.O,Evor F O40FPO90- 604993679 or B | OBONPS60- 68993647 Ror 5 | oa0NPO90- 684993645 G, 0,5 or F on0Nraeo. — baavnaces | €,D,2,0r F O80NPOS0- 84993662 Nore” ososxseo: — Gaass36s4 EB Ever F osorPov. — eavessez 6,08, or F osawxsso. — Geag9asr4 Kore” glenpiao. — Geavessat C) DE or F Os0reaso. — Gaag9ssos €,0,E,or F OleNPLeD- — GeAgDzE58 Sore" taonPae0- Geagnaees ora’ gtameise: — seave3ss0 6, 3,20 F 120NP360- 684993666 €,B,B0rF otewizo — Gaavess79 Morb)" 120NK360- 684993656 Beer F olerpiao. — earess7s 6,08, or F laowxaso. —Gaan9a6t6 Ror’ ouonpieo. — searesees CLD Evor F 120FP2e0- — G8A993686 G,0,B or F ogonlao: G8an73660 E\BEor F loonpsto. — baave36e7 Roe” gaoweizos — seaveses! ELD. or F LsONPSs0. — GeAT92608 E.B.B0r F ovonxiso. 6ea993671 ELBE, or F 30ONPSCO- — G2A993669 ELDLElor F osorPlay- 6aAgas6d0 ELDElor F 1OUFPSEO- — 62A993687 Norn" geonpiso- 68A993646 CLD.E,or F LSOFPSEO- 604993688 60,8 or F ononeiao: 68ay93663 CLD.Evor F LODEPSeO- 624993689 Mors’ ogonxise. — Seavea6s3 Corb" o22creso- 684993690 6, 3,8, or F osoNxlso. 68A993673 Corb — Os0CP2s0- $8a993691 ELBE or osorrise. seavesces Gerd loacraso- saannase2 Roce | zoNPiaos — Gaanas64s Gord saceeso- Gaaves6ea 6,0, 8 or F iz0NPis0- G8an93665 Gerd — sooePeso- —g8ag93604 Morb’ " iaonxise. — Gaaona6ss x 020UR250- 684993695 G,,E,0r F lg0Nxle — 6BA993675 x oauReso 684993697 E_DiEorF in0reieo. _ 6aayeases x Seounese- _SeA993609 B. COMPATIBILITY ‘Common subassemblies and cards are utilized as much as possible. See Table 4 for a listing of common parts vs exciter variables. How to use Table 4: ‘The columns list the com ponent and description, then the firing, current, function, ete., as they appear in the catalog num~ ber. It is possible to determine what part is used in an exciter and if the part is common to other exciters. For instance: IC360SCO80NPI8OFGAY, 103805 - exciter series C = unijunetion fired, 60-cycle power, with internal exeiter feedback 080 - 80 amps NP - nonreversing plugging 180 - 180 volts., rated output voltage F - Flamenol wire G- gray A= RS =00 ohm Y¥ - base provided Ey matching the X's inthe columns with the cata~ log number (X in unij; X in 60 cycle; X in 080; X in NP; X in 180), it canbe seenthat gate and filter circuit PWE68A993124 is used with the above exciter; the IC3600TFCUI unijunetion firing circuit is used, the IC3600TPSA1 single-phase power supply unijunction is used; ete. It can also be seen that many components are not used, suchas the IC3600TRLAL ~ Reversing Logic. ICR60SE1S0F PSEOFGAY catalog number uses a PWB68A989923 gate and lilter circuit, an IC3600- ‘TFCUL unijunction firing circuit, an IC3600TPSAL Single-phase power supply unfjunction, an IC3600- ‘TPSB1 three-phase power supply unijunction and an IC3SOOTRLEI reversing logic. Some of these cards are common to both exciters. » PLUGGING Plugging, or inversion, means pumping power back into the AC lines, assuming there is a source of power. A resistor \s not a source of power, but the stored energy in an inductance, or 2 separate generator, would be a suitable source of power. This discussion will be limited to inductive loads.TABLE 4, COMPATIBILITY CHART —— oe [oo 60 so | (22) }1050)] o80 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 300 ‘090 180250] 360 [seo component | _pesceiprion Junulawp | ~ | = |awelame lanelamplanplamelamplor|nx|relnp] v |v |v |v Ly Pwpesagav2s | Gate u Fitter xr | x x |x x |x [x ]x |x x x |x pwseayaii7 | ateu Fitter cer | x | x |x |x | x x fx | fx |x [x |x Pwneaaggsize | Gate u Pitter cKT | x x |x x |x x x x |x Pwoseaggsi2s Gate Fiter cer | x | x |x |x x |x |x |x |x alee le x |x pwnosagsiza | Gate u Finer cet | x | x |x |x peel |fxt let que eee | sets | pwnseagsi2s | Gate u Fier cxT | x x |x |x x x |x Pwossavesis7 | Gate u Filter KT |X x |x x x x pwaseagaiae | Gate u Fitter cKT | x x}x x x x Pwneeagsstay te u Filter OKT |X x |x x x x pwassavssiea | Filter CKT x |x |x|x |x Fa Pwn6eaggsis7 | Filter CKT x |x |x|x x |x x x x pweesaosisy | rier CK x |x |[x]x x |x x x x basys018-G1 x |x x |x |x x tye eas pe x 68A995018-c2 x el ext | eel x x} fxfxde] fx TeooTrCat — | Ampliaiat F.C. Se |x) ei x x] fx fade] [x Icrboorrcu — | Unijunetion F.C. | x x be ext lp | ext ec te elie |e hxc |) alee Jord Icrsoatrev! — | Unijunction F.C. | x ee tpeet | ee face fxg | ee | ly tx fot et || IC36007 PSA 18P.5. Untjunction) x x]x |x |x fx fx fx fx fx fx tx fx fx fx fx fx dx [x IcseoorPsnt 36 PLS. Unijunetion| X x |x |x |x x x [x |x | x |x x]. [x Icw00T PSC Ampiistat P.S. x |xfx |x |x |x x xf fx fxd” fx IGsboornLat — | tev. Logie 14,607 | x x x |x |x x x x |x x (csbooTRLBI — | Rev. Logie 34,60 | x x x x |x x x Tereoornict | ev. Logie 14, 50~ |X alex eee x x leat | 1Crb0oTRLDI | ov. Logie 34, 50~ | x x x x |x x x ICs500Pa91AB103 | Sat Reactor x Peliex | xelxi es | xe\xi ext x x x |x] [x [x Huai0s0Ps4 Tranalormer x fx [xix |x fx fx fx fx |x |x fx fx fx fx [x fx fx tauaiosoPss ‘Transformer x |x |x]x x fx [x ]x fx |x] |x fx |x x |x Gear267PxE cisre-Pivsooy | x x |x | x x x |x Gearzorexar — fcasmepiveoow =| x |x |x |x | x x fx [> fx | x |x zosagzaspxe | casoE-Pivsoow | x | x |x |x || x |x |x fx |x [x |x dosasraspxe — | cssop-pivioonw | x | x |x |x x |x |x x |x |x x |x zosastapxe — | essoe-pivsoov | x | x |x |x x |x x fx |x fx x |x aosasrupxe — | cssop-vivioow | x | x |x |x x |x x |x |x x fx boars Pxe: Cene-Pivsoo | x x |x x |x x GARTEN EXP Camp-Piviosoy | x x |x x x |x x aosasraspxe — | avsor-Pivsoov | x | x |x |x x |x x x x aosasiaspxe | adsop-Pivioov | x | x |x |x x |x x x x Terantioeis | meveo-riveooy | x | x x |x | x x xFigure 4 shows a typical circuit that will plug. Beis a single-phase center tap circuit. The discussion will be based on this circuit. However, the ‘wave shapes ina single-phase full wave bridge or a three-phase full wave bridge would be similar. ac surety Ly Ly cr L FIP GATE 1A Fop GATE 1B THYRITE > ne Loa Single phose center tap circuit Figure 5 shows instantaneous wave shapes of the ine voltage, load voltage, each SCR voltage and each SCR gate signal. These are shown for three dit- ferent phase angles of the firing signals. Since we assumed an inductive load, the load current is a straight line. This current is supplied hhalf the time by FIP andhalf the time by F2P. The conducting time occurs when the SCR voltage is zero, Figure 5(a) shows the voltage for the "phased on” or full output condition, and these pictures occur either transiently or in steady state. Let us start at the time gate 1A signal occurs - this fires F1P, reducing its voltage to zero. Thisapplies{ull phase voltage to the load, but note that it applies twice phase voltage to F2P in the reverse direction. This is true throughout Fig. 5. Allparts of sinusoids on the load are at phase voltage, but all parts of sinus- ‘ids on the SCR's are at twice phase voltage At the first voltage zero, we have stored a half cycle of energy in the inductive load so the load will notlet FIP stop conducting. The load voltage merely goes negative enough to overcome any voltage on Phase 1 of thetransformer. This negative load volt~ age, of course, adds to phase 2 of the transformer, putting double ‘phase voltage on F2P in the forward direction. Phased off CURRENT Full On Phase 90° PHASE 1 vouTs (Lite cr) ? oa Fip Hl vouts A GATE 1A fisntmcaaenerd \ 1 vots { GaTE 1B - “2 aA LoaD aNa a vouTs “Figs. D @ Typical exciter waveshapes for center top exeiter with various output voltagesAsgate 1B signal occurs, F2P goes to zero and starts conducting. This applies negative voltage to FIP, which stops the current flow in FIP. At this point, the load voltage is again positive. Since the circuit is symmetrical the same explanations apply to this half eycle. Figure 5 (b) shows the gate signals firing at 90° and these curves are shown for the steady state condition, Starting at pulse 1, the explanation starts asbefore. However, wehave storedonly one quarter ‘of a eycle of energy in the inductive load. Thus, by the time we are 80° intothe next half cycle, vir- tually all the energy of the inductance has been re- turned to the line, At this point, the inductance usually finds an eddy current pathwhere it can dis~ sipate the remaining energy at a lower voltage than the line voltage. Thus, the negative wave of load voltage breaks toward zero and starts following an exponential. FIP goes out because the difference between line voltage and load voltage isnow a small negative voltage on FIP. At the firing of pulse 1B, we continue as befor ADC voltmeter across the load will read a few volts positive because the positive wave is larger than the negative. The amount of positive voltage depends on the circuit lossesand is most dependent fon the lamination thickness of the load or coupling, into other fields (eddy current type losses). Dynamically the curves are slightly different. If operation has been like Fig. 5 (a) and we suddenly phased back to Fig. 5 (b), there is no question that the inductive load has too much energy stored, tem- porarily, todissipate it ineddy currents. Thus, the negative load voltage part of the wave will look like the positive part. In fact, itwill be acouple of volts higher due to the drops in the SCR's. Thus, transiently a DC voltmeter would read minus two or three volts for the Fig. 5 (b) case. Figure 5 (c) shows the firing pulse "phased off" and all the solid curves are for the transient case where operation has been like Fig. 5 (a) andis sud~ denly changed to Fig. 5 (c). ‘The explanation is ex- actly like that for the dynamic case of Fig. 5 (b) — the only difference is the transfer points; there is no change in rules or explanation. It is re-emphasized that the load must have stored energy so that it will keep current flowing. If the load causes current flow through an opposing transformer voltage we have plugged or inverted. With the firing pulses 25° from the end of the half cycle (Fig. 5 (c)}, transiently the shape of the curve is the inverse of Fig. $ so a DC voltmeter will read -00 volts. 0 As the load current nears zero, the negative load voltage will start breaking off in exponentials as explained previously, until inthe steady state it looks ke the dotted load curve of Fig. 5 (c). In the steady state, the positive area is larger than the negative area so a voltmeter again reads very low positive voltage. Now let us take the case where we are operating “phased on” (Fig. 5 (a)) and we suddenly remove all firing pulses. At the moment the pulses were removed let us assume F1P was conducting. With no firing pulse F2P will never conduct. (The following discussion shows that there are no abnormal volt ages on F2P.) If F2P will never conduet, the inductive load must keep FIP conducting continuously. In this circuit is phase 1 of the transformer whose DC voltage is zero. As the inductive load sees zero voltage in a discharge path it will decay on itsnatural time constant (there is no plugging or inverting) over one cycle. Actually, the load voltage is full positive fone half cycle, receiving a block of power, then full negative one half cycle, plugging the same block of power back into the line. The 60-cycle voltage on the load applies double phase voltage to F2P, but F2P is designed for double phase voltage as shown in Fig. 5. ‘Thus, a plugging exciter must have “tail end” pulses ~ that is, fixed pulses that occur somewhere in the last 25° of the cycle which do not disappear regardless of what the control input calls for. This will cause the UJT to fire the SCR at the end of the cycle if it has not already fired due to an input signal, The function of the tail-end pulse is to dissi- pate the energy in the load by discharging the inductive energy during both positive and negative half eyeles of the AC supply. Figure6 shows theoretical characteristic curves. The dotted curve shows the characteristic for a nonplugging circuit. This curve is obtained with a resistive load or by adding a discharge rectifier aroundaninductive load. ‘The solid curve represents the plugging characteristics. The negative portion of this wave is for a transient case. D. SCR FIRING METHODS ‘There are several successful methods of firing SCR's. For this line of exciters we are using & ‘unijunction transistor timing for SCR phase control. The silicon unijunction transistor (UJT) is an ideal device for use in SCR firing circuits. It hasSyMBOL THIS GATE AND FILTER CIRCUIT IS USED ON TYPE {c3605 scR EXCITER PACKAGES . IF 2gv 3S APPLIED To INPUT TERMINALS 13 AND 12, THE FULL VOLTAGE 1S INITIALLY APPLIED TO T2 PRIMARY, C5 WILL CHARGE Be pronccie * ES TO APPROXIMATELY SV IN 2 TO 3 MICROSECCROS, THIS 15 THE ah TEND pt NOMINAL GREAKOOWN VOLTAGE OF UNILATERAL SWITCHES CR22 AND FILTER CATs CRO IN SERIES, THESE COLLAPSE ANO T2 AND CS OELIVER A 3 1 AMP PULSE TO THE GATE WITH A .2 MICROSECOND RISE TIME, ----4 AFTER 20 MICROSECONDS C2 STARTS TO REDUCE THE GATE CURRENT AND IT WILL BE ZERO IN 50 MICROSECCNDS, THE NOMINAL INPUT 15 A 25 MICROSECOND PULSE WITH 50 MICROSECONDS OFF TIME, IN WHICH CKSZ C2 DCES NOT FULLY DISCHARGE AND THUS SUBSEQUENT PULSES HAVE SMALLER MAGNITWOES. ALSO, THE VOLTAGE cli C2 PROVIDES A RESET VOLTAGE FOR THE TRANSFORMER SO THAT A DIGDE MAY BE USED ACROSS 13 AND 12 TO PREVENT VOLTAGE SPIKES. 7 IF THE PULSE INPUT VOLTAGE 1S LOW OURING A LINE DIP, CLL WILL CHARGE UP AND FIRE R22 FIRST AND THEN CR23 WILL FIRE PROVIDING HALF MAGNITUDE GATE PULSES, FILTER 4 TO 17 HAS BEEN SELECTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH EXTERNAL AIR CORE REACTORS IN THE SCR EXCITER TO HOLD VCLTAGE CHANGES TO UNDER 200 VOLTS PER MICROSECOND . METAL OXIDE VARISTOR 15 ARRANGED TO ACCEPT APPROKINATELY .S AMP PULSES FRCM AN INDUCTIVE LOAD. SCHE ENERGY MUST BE ABSOREED AS SCR CURRENT FALLS BELOW ITS HOLDING CURRENT, ON HEAVY ABNORMAL, CURRENTS THE Mov WILL FIRE THE SCR TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AND CTHER COMPONENTS « THE LIGHTS ARE CONNECTED TO READ FORSARD CELL VOLTAGE, THUS THEY ARE BLACK AT 1/3 OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ABOVE IN NORMAL OPERATION, HOWEVER, AN ABNORMAL UNEALANCE OR OPEN OR SHORTED CELL WILL SE CLEARLY INDICATED BY UNBALANCED LIGHTS, APPRIGATICN DATA, . \ FOR GATE INPUT (134) (12) Le 24 TO 30 VOLT PULSES NOMIRALLY 25 MICROSECCNDS ON, 50 MICROSECONOS OFF. 22 WIDE (200 MICROSECCSO) INPUT PULSES, CAUSED GY AGING PULSES TO THE NORMAL PULSE TRAIN, ARE NOT HARMFUL, HOVEVER, OUTPUT GATE PULSE WILL BE SO MICROSECONDS WIDE MAX, 24 PEAK CURRENT 250 MA, 4a DIGDE CLAMP MAY BE USED GN INPUT TERMINALS IF DUTY CYCLE IS IN THE RANGE OF 25 HICROSECONDS (OM AND 50 MICROSECCHOS OFF, CONNECTIONS TO ScR CELLS Le (18) TO FORWARD CELL CATHODE 22 (S) TO FORWARD CELL ANCOE 34 (17) SAME AS (L6), BUT PREFERABLY WITH SEPARATE WIRE, 42 (4) SAME AS (5) BUT PREFERABLY WITH SEPARATE WIRE, GATE OUTPUTS (4S) FOR CELL} (C250 OR C30 TYPE) Ly FIRST PULSE 0.3 ANP FOR 20 MICROSECONDS WITH .2 MICROSECOND RISE 2) CURRENT FALLS TO ZERO IN $0 KICROSECONDS WITH WIDE INPUT PULSES, 3. SUBSEQUEXT PULSES HAVE NARROW 250 MA FRONT SUT BODY OF PULSE 1S 100 = 150 MAy PROPRIETARY ['\F°°S4ATION OF T'2 “RAL ELECTRIC COMPAHY SHERAL\ ) ELECTRICE ‘DUSTRY CC'T2OL DEPT. SALEM, VAL USA,= a al on — ‘ oes eel ne tle <—- a a - ~ | = 2 18 Gare Pres ee cheedeToewenat —evectaic| Seeatee circa os a E La, =F SALEM, YA. USA.cH STIs a i 1, POVER INPUT = 24V CEUTER-TAPPED 50/60 CYCLES, .6 AMPS MS MAX, A t onrur = #L6y UNREGULATED, 2aHPS =LOV UNREGULATED, 12V REGULATED, 2 AMPS WAX, | OUTPUT IMPEDANCE = LESS THAN .4 OFS . (REGULATED) TEWP, DRIFT - APPROX, 1 MILLIVOLT/*c (REGULATED OUTPUT) APPLICATION DATA, ’ ‘THIS CARO PROVIDES THE POWER SUPPLY FOR AN SCR EXCITER SYSTEX, IT ALSO PROVIDES A BIAS CIRCUIT WHICH CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE AN OFFSET OR A ZEROING SIGIAL TD THE FIRING CIRCUIT INPUT, AND A MULTIVIGRATOR WHICH IS USED TO GATE THE OUTPUT OF A FIRING CIRCUIT CARD TO» PROVIDE A TRAIN OF PULSES, THE BIAS CIRCUIT 1S DESIGNED TD HAVE A NEGATIVE DRIFT OF APPROKMATELY 3 HILLIVOLTS PER °C, THIS VERY NEARLY COMPENSATES THE DRIFT OF THE INPUT TRANSISTOR AD LINEARIZING NETWORK OF THE FIRING CIRCUIT CARD IC3600TFCU, THE BIAS CIRCUIT HAS AN EMITTER FOLLOWER OUTPUT STAGE WHICH 1S CAPABLE OF SUPPLYING A 9 MILLIAMP LOAD, ‘THE MULTIVIBRATOR HAS AN OPERATING FREQUENCY OF APPROXIMATELY’ L&tHZ AND CAN ORIVE A 650 01M LOAD CONNECTED FROM QUTPUT TO THE =12V BUS, THE OUTPUT SWITCHES FROM A NOMINAL -6Y OUTPUT To A =12V CUTUT. 2 oe THEORY_OF OPERATION a fF A, RECTIFIER AND FILTER SECTION a : . A.C, POWER FROM THE PHASING TRANSFORMER 1S SUPPLIED TO PIN: 47 AID 43 OF THE CARD, THE CENTER TAP OF THE TRANSFORMER SECONOARY IS CONNECTED TO PIN 1, THE A.C, INPUT 1S RECTIFIED BY DIODES CRL, 2, 3, AND 4, FILTERING 15 PROVIDED BY CAPACITORS CS AND CG, THE NOMINAL OC OUTPUT 1S 416 VOLTS AT PIN 45 WITH RESPECT TO PIN 1 AND 16 VOLTS AT PIN 27 WITH RESPECT To PIN. 1B, VOLTAGE REGULATOR TRANSISTORS OSA, 058, Q6, G8, AND GLO ARE THE AMPLIFIERS USED IN THE VOLTAGE REGULATOR. POWER INPUT 15 FROM THE UNREGULATED -i6 VOLT BUS, RESISTOR R7 1S USED TO START THE CIRCUIT BY PROVIDING ENOUGH POWER FOR THE TRANSISTORS TO BEGIN REGULATING ACTICN, TRANSISTORS QSA |ANO GSB ARE CONNECTED IN A COMPARATOR CIRCUIT TO COMPARE THE VOLRGE OF REFERENCE ZENER CR29 AND COMPENSATING DIODE R24 WITH THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS RESISTOR R30, THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS R30 1S PROPORTIONAL TO THE VOLTAGE FROM PIN 1 TO PIN 29, THE PROPORTIONALITY FACTOR 15 AQJUSTAGLE BY TRIMPOT RAS, AND IS SET SO THAT -12 VOLTS AT P1m29 CAUSES THE CORRECT VOLTAGE OROP ACROSS R30, IF THE VOLTAGE COMPARATOR DETECTS AN EROR VOLTAGE, TRANSISTORS 96 AND Q1O WILL AMPLIFY THE OETECTED ERROR ANO CAUSE AN INCREASED OR DECREASED AMCUNT OF CURRENT FLOW THROUGH QB AS REQUIRED TO RESTORE THE VOLTAGE AT PIK29 TO ~12 VOLTS, PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF THE GENERAL ELECTRIC GMPANY GENERAL G3 ELEITRIC INDUSTRY CONTROL 3EPT, SALEM, VA. U.S.2 iuewr buat, 19 POWER SUPPLY ‘SaTArDARD Line —_\unijunction Page 2 of 2 Ww Rt Re ow In the circuit, C charges via R1. When the voltage across C exceeds 0.6 volts, the b1/emitter junction goes low resistance and discharges C The result is a sawtooth waveform across C. There is also a pulse of current through R3 , giving a pulse of voltage across it. This circuit is called a relaxation oscillator. The voltage across C charges up slowly then suddenly relaxes. The circuit is often used to trigger thyristor circuits. Copyright Graham Knott 1999 hitp://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/g_knott/elect241.htm 5/19/2003unijunction ogc Page 1 of THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR CLICK HERE TO BUY THE CD base2 base2 emitter emitter base1 base1 The unijunction transistor (UJT) is made of a bar of N type material with a P type junction (the emitter) near the centre. Base 1 is connected to zero volts and base 2 to the positive supply. The resistance between the two bases (the INTERBASE RESISTANCE) is typically 10k. With the emitter unconnected, the bar acts as a potential divider, and about 0.5 volts appears at the emitter. If a voltage is connected to the emitter, as long as it is less than 0.5 volts, nothing happens, as the P-N junction is reversed biased. (see the right hand diagram). When the emitter voltage exceeds 0.5 volts, the junction is forward biased and emitter current will flow. This increase in current is equal to a reduction of resistance between base 1 and the emitter. This causes the emitter voltage to fall, http://ourworld.compuserve.comvhomepages/g_knott/elect241.htm 5/19/2003Nonplugsing Characteristic ts a Fig. 6. ‘the advantages of a stable firing voltage, a very 1o¥, icing current, operation over temperature range of eee to ri40'C, and a peak current rating of two SCR firing cireuits using the UST are simple a Sompact with low power consumption and a high GHlective power gain in phase control cireults. For a controled DC output, the firing pulses must be synchronized with the power input voltage. Th single phase exciters one firing circuit is used, Th thee phage exciters three firing circuits are used with a firing clreuit synchronized to each phase. ‘the heart of the SCR firing circuit is the untjunction (UIT) transistor. Its symbol and baste cir~ cuit are shown in Fig. 7. POWER, SoPeLY purrs » { aa 2 m vex { | ES. ourruT 1 { = COMMON apo Fig.7- Phase Angle of Firing Signal 100% ouTPUT VOLTS 100% Theoretical characteristic curves ‘A DC power supply is connected from base 1 (B1) to base 2 (52) with B2 positive. With no input sig- (Ar onthe emitter, very little current flows (micro- Tmperes). As the input voltage is raised (emitter positive), nothing happens until a critical voltage { peched.” At this point, the UJT breaks into conduc Teached offers very low impedance in RB1. If the input is removed, the device recovers even when the power supply is kept on. ‘the UIT cannot be compared directly with either a common transistor or an SCR. In contrast to a transistor, the switching point is determined by {Titage at'the emitter — not current, and there is a ‘yopage M ihite switching point ~ not proportional {npedance. In contrast fo an SCR, the control sig- inPis a voltage level, instead of a pulse, and it r covers with no signal applied. EQUIV. CIRCUIT Unijunetion transistorE, ELECTRICAL DESCRIPTION 1, BLOCK DIAGRAMS See Figs. 8 and 9 for block diagrams of unijunetion fired, single phase nonreversing and reversing thyristor exeiters. The three phase exciters utilize the same general scheme; the number of components and firing sequence are different, 2 a. Nonreversing Exciter ~ Input signal is applied between andC of TCBA. Negative voltage on terminal $ {sin a directionto cause the output voltage to increase in a positive direction. ‘The input signal is scaled down in voltage and fed to the firing circuit card 1FC. The firing cireult generates a pulse train to the SCR gates, the duration of which is approximately eight milliseconds long (60-eyele input power). This is true regardless of the magnitude of the input signal. The input signal shifts the timing of the pulse train so that when the input signal is zero volts the pulse train is applied to SCR gates whose anode to cathode voltage is reverse biased. As the input signal is increased the pulse train is shifted so that the gate pulses occur while the anode-cathode SCR voltage is forward biased. That is, the pulses are gradually shifted so that the SCR is partially on until the SCR's are on for about @ half cycle at maximum input signal. The thyristor power circuit is the arrangement of ‘SCR's which converts the AC input power to DC. The transformer converts AC input voltage to center tapped + 12 volt RMS. This voltage is used in the power supply to generate the required + and ~ busses for the firing circuit, The + 12 volt is also used to steer the firing cireult to deliver pulses to the proper SCR at the proper time, b, Reversing Exciter — Input signal is applied between Sand C of TCBA. Negative voltage on terminal § is in a direction to cause the ‘output voltage to increase in a positive direc tion. Positive voltage on terminal § will re Sult in a negative output voltage. ‘The input voltage is scaled downon the CB card and fed to the forward firing circuit F1F and the rec versing logic RL. If terminal S is negative the firing circuit FIF generates pulses and transfers them to the thyristor power cireult via thegate andfilter circuits. the terminal § ispositive the input signal is inverted in the reversing logic and fed to the reverse firing circuit RIF. RIF generates pulses andtrans- fers them to the thyristor power circult via the gate and filter circuits. When one fieing circuit is delivering pulses to the power cir= cuit, the other firing circuit is disabled or locked out by the reversing logic, The function of the saturable reactor is to monitor the thyristors and determine whether they are conducting or not. In order to reverse the Output voltage successfully the thyristors must not be conducting. When an exciter is delivering positive voltage to the load, FIF is Hiring the thyristors and RIF is locked out by the reversing logic. When the exciter is com~ manded to deliver negative voltage by means of apolarity reversal of the input signal, FIF 4s phased back or effectively turned off. RIF receives an input signal from the reversing logic of the proper polarity. However, it is still locked out. When the saturable reactor indicates all the thyristors are off, the re- Yersing logic will unlock out RIF and lock out FIF, thus reversing the output voltage. ‘The transformer and ower supply perform the same type of functions as they did in the nonreversing exciter. ro) FF fae ve DC POWER TO eee TRANSFORMER {rr POWER any PS 'g+8.Unijunction single phase nonreversing block diagramac eur Powe fe FF CET cavaazed Fares owen ORTS jcIRCUIT alzcea prc oF acd pont ri Be POWER, ia Ps nF OUTPUT VOLTAGE sown Besa Es mF GET dd Stren TRL TEC oy oR . 522) > SATURA- Bur ae ae ACTOR Fig. 9.Unimtion single she evening tyre Hock arm 2, BASIC_powsR CIRCUS 2 a Thyristor Center Tap Exciters Fears 3c9605- 4 os K'B.C,0, 2,7 oxaxpos0 o oeoxsO oaonas0 Basic Description: Fp This particular group of exclters uses a center tap power circuit as shown in Fig. 10. The output eee Voltage is cominaly 90 oles its any Load and the ez Grou wl pag ith an inductee loed applying sinus 90 vl rr cate 13 Creat Description tse A thyristor is used in each leg of the power circuit. a LY. iN “LOAD A thyrite is usedin this group of exciters to provide a load discharge path in the event both fuses should blow. Fig. 10. Center tap power circuit BA,B,C, D, £, F 018NX180 A, B,C, D, E, F O40NX360 o40Nx180 080NX360 ‘080NX180 120N360 120Nx180 Basie Description: ‘This group of exciters uses 2 single phase, full ‘wave bridge power circuitas shown in Fig. 11.” The ‘output voltage for 230-volt supply is nominally 180 volts; the output voltage for 460-volt supply is nominally’ 380 volts. re na : i " y ‘i kt A A {Loapt Fig. 11. Single phase, full wave bridge power circuit Circult Details: A thyristor is used in two legs of the bridge. Conventional rectifiers are used in the other two legs. This exciter will not plug aninductive load. F2P and F2N provide a discharge path so that the SCR's willalways stop conducting at the endof ahalf cycle. Single-phase Full-wave Bridge Exciters A,B,C,D,E, F O18NPI80 A, B, C, D, E, F O40NP360 O40NPI80 O80NP360 080180 120NP360 120NP180 Basie Description: ‘This group of exciters uses 2 single phase, full wave bridge power circuit as shownin Fig. 12.” The output voltage will be nominally 180 volts when the AC input power is 230 volts and 960 volts when the ‘AG input power is 460 volts. Tt will plug (invert) applying minus voltage to an inductive load. “ Ly ac SUPPLY FUSE FIP GATE 1a, GATE 1B FIN GATE 28 GATE 2a TOAD] igs 12. Single phose full wave bridge power circuit Circuit Details: A thyristor 1s used in each leg of the bridge. ‘The above circuit is for a nonreversing, plugging model NP. 4. Three-phase Full-wave Bridge ‘Exciters, ©,D,E,F 100NPS60 C.D o22cP250 C,D,E,F 150NP560 GD os0cP2s0 ©,D,E,F 300NP560 CD 190¢P250 ,D 150¢P250 €.D B00cP250 Basie Deseription: ‘This group of excitersuses athree-phase bridge power circuit as shown in Fig. 13. Nominal output varies with AC supply voltage and function, GaTE 3a, = EOAD] Fig. 13. Three phate bridge power cireuit GATE 3B xAC Supply Nominal Voltage Function Output Voltage 230 cP 250 460 NP 580 It will plug withan inductive load, supplying negative output voltage. Circuit Deseription: A thyristor is used in each leg of the bridge. ‘The cireult (Fig. 12) is for anonreversing, plug~ ging exciter and a constant potential exciter. Constant potential exciters will have waveshapes similarto the three-phase bridge NP exciters. The Toad voltage will bea steady 250V. This will be pro- duced with a firing point of about 140°. The re- sultant load waveshape will have a large ripple content. e. Thyristor Full-reversing Cent tariipeniens C,D,E,F 018FP030 040F P00 080F P0830 Basie Description: This group of exciters uses a center tap power cireuit as shown in Fig. 14. The output voltage is nominally plus or minus 90 volts into any load, FUSE, cr FIP cate ip] GATE 1A, 7 ‘THYRITE ft Circuit Deseriptior ‘There are two thyristors ineach leg of the power circuit; they are in parallel anode of one to cathode of the other. F1P and F2P provide positive voltage at terminal P while RIN and R2N provide negative voltage at terminal P. ‘The Thyrite*is used in this group to provide a toad discharge path in the event both fuses should blow. f, Thyristor Full-revers: le se Bridge ¢,D,8, F o18FPia0 040F Piao O80F P180 120F 180 O40F P360 080F P360 120F P3860 Basie Description: ‘This group of exciters uses 2 single phase full wave bridge as shown in Fig. 15. It will deliver 180 oF 360 volts to a load. Cireult Detail ‘There are two thyristors ineach leg of the power cireuit; they are in parallel anode of one to cathode of the other. ‘The terminal P will be positive or negative depending on whether the F or R cells are conducting. RIN RIP $t FIN GATE LA Fip. GATEIB GATE 1A Rew GaTE 2| E2p, GATE 28 P — {coap} V4, Canter tap power elreuit (oad. Fig. 15. Single phate, full wave bridge 8& Thyristor Fulloceversing Thr h, Quarter-reversing Exciters (QP) se Bridge ‘The following exciters may be converted to QP C,D,#,F 100FPS60 sxcibers 150FPS60 Basie Description: ‘This group of exeiters.uses a three-phase bridge power circuit as shown in Fig. 16. Output is nomi~ nally 560 volts withan AC supply voltage of 460 volts. my le by rag es an Ri £ {ron} x Fig. 16. Theos phase bridge power circuit Cireuit Deseription: ‘There aretwo thyristors ineach leg of the power cireult; they are in parallel anode of one to cathode of the other, Terminal P can be positive or nega~ tive depending on whether the R (reverse) or F (forward) cells are firing. ‘There is a 300-ampere full reversing exciter ‘which is physically composed of two NP type ex- titers, one for positive andone for negative voltage. Electrically the exciter is similarto that described above. 16 A,B,C,D,E,F O18NPOo0 Sean P090 aowoso creNeiso caowEte0 deonts0 (Soneiso Seonbos0 gowse0 SonP360 c.0eF — toonDseo Bonaeo 3o0NPE8D phase ho FUSE A rip FN eT i Hoare cave rap iA { ray? ent None rap, 24 Fin, 22 [exe et s 3 LOAD} mn ue i ot t naw we ax ns ot of Fig. 17. Power cieuit for thrae ahate quarter reversing Basic Description: ‘The circuit shown in Fig. 17 consists of a three~ phase nonreversing plugging exciter with a three- phase full wave rectifigr bridge. The rectifier bridge output opposes the SCR exciter and allows an output voltage reversal.Circuit Description: For mostapplications, the rectifier bridge draws tts power through the same fuses ae the SCR exciter as shown in Fig. i." The polarity of the Fectitier briage output 1s opposite to the SCR ex- Titer; a5 a result, if none of the SCR's are con Gucting, the exciter output will be negative. When the SCh's ao turn on they will overcome the rectl- for bridge voltage and cause positive voltage across the load from Pio N. Ri and fa are chosento Limit Feverse load corvent when the SCR bridge 1s 10! conducting. Single-phase FUSE [Fo GATE LA Gate 1B Bhp GATE 2A (LoaD RIN Rep Fig. 18. Power circuit for single phose quarter reves Basie Description: ‘The eireuit shown in Fig. 18 consists of a single phase nonreversing plugging exciter with a single phase full wave rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge output opposes the SCR exeiter and allows an output voltage reversal. Cireult Description: For most applications, the rectifier bridge draws its power through the same fuses as the SCR exciter as shown in Fig. 18.* The polarity of the rectifier bridge output is opposite to the SCR exciter; as a result, if none of the SCR's are conducting, the exciter output will be negative. When the SCR's do turn on they will overcome the rectifier bridge voltage and cause positive voltage across the load from P to N. Rl and R2 are chosento limit reverse load current when the SCR bridge is not conducting. “However, the elementary diagram should be checked to determine the actual circuitry, as it is possible to obtain power {rom separate fused supplies. HOW TO PUT AN EXCITER IN SERVICE 1. Remove fuses. 2, Inspect for loose or damaged components. 3. Apply AC power. Check voltage at the top of fuse clips. Rated Input Voltage AC Output Voltage DC 230 CT = 10% - 1 PH 90 230 + 10% - 1 PH 180 230 10% - 3 PH 250 480 + 10% - 1 PH 360 480 + 10% - 3 PH 560 Ifthe input voltage is higher than rated volt~ age, change taps on the feeder transformer until the voltage is brought within limits. 4, If the exciter has a three-phase input, check phase sequence. Be sure the phase sequence is 1, 2, 3 when connected to Li, L2 and L3. Remove AC powe: Replace fuses. The fuses used in these exciters are fast-acting current limiting fuses. Should one of these fuses be blown, it is im- pportant that it be replaced with the same type fuse. An ordinary fuse of the same current rating will not interrupt fast enough to protect. the cells if a short circuit should occur in the load circuit of the exeiter. 1, The exciter is now ready for service. It has been adjusted at the factory and should not re- quire additional tune-up. If the exciter should appearto operate improperly, see the trouble- shooting notes to locate the trouble. DO NOT CHANGE internal adjustments unless the re- Sults of these adjustments are fully understood. G. TROUBLE SHOOTING 1, SINGLE PHASE SCR EXCITERS When a drive is down, the first concern is to get it going again. With this in mind, the following instructions will serve as a guide to locating the defective component. The exciters are so designed that most components can be changed easily, thus wetting the drive back Inoperation in minimum time. Most problemsin the SCR exciters will be due to Eefective components, the majority of which can be located with a knowledge of exciter operation, the Lights on the front of the exciter, and a volt-ohmmeter. ‘The Lights on the exeiter are very good indicators of the performance of the cells. ‘These lights aze connected directly across the SCR cells and are a Na‘visual indication of the voltage across the cell. With the exciter phased off, the lights should burn rela~ tively bright. As the exciter output increases, the intensity of the lights decreases until at half output the lights will go completely out. In reversing exeiters, with no output in either direction, all lights ‘will burnrelatively bright. As the exeiteris turned fon in one direction, the lights corresponding to the cells for this direction will become dimmer while the lights for cells for the other direction will re- mainbright. Light condition will, of course, reverse when the exciter is turned on in the other direction. ‘The lights will be brightest when tho exciter is at full negative voltage (inverting). Since these lights are such good indicators of exciter performance, it is important that good lamps be Kept inthe exciter at all times. If trouble should occur, a quick analysis of the light conditions will give a good idea where to start. Following is a list of possible light conditions, and the most common failure that could cause them. LIGHT CONDITIONS 1, All Lights out and zero output. PROBABLE CAUSE TROUBLE-SHOOTING PROCEDURE, ‘This indicates loss of AC power across the SCR cells. For this condition there are two common causes: 1, Loss of AC input power to the exciter. 2, One or more fuses blown. 2, Light intensity becomes unbalanced - output decreases, cell is not firing. 1. Trouble within the fring circuit eard, 2. Trouble is in the firing circuit outside the firing circuit cards. Check for voltage at the top of the fuses. This voltage should read 230 + 10% volts or 460 + 10% volts. If proper voltage is fn the top of the fuses, check for voltage across each fuse. This will locate the blown fuse. Check all power semiconductors with an ohmmeter. Good SCR cells will have a resistance of 500 ohms or greater in both the forward and reverse direction. Any cell with less resistance than this 1s probably the cause of the blown fuses. Fuses can alsobe blown by shorts inthe load circuit external to the exciter. To check this, measure the resistance across the load terminal. This resistance should be con- sistent with the value shown on the elementary diagram. As a power check for load shorts, disconnect one of the loadter~ minals and put a high resistance across it, say 20KM10 watts. Also put small fuses (about 3 amps) in place of the blown fuse. Reapply AC power, If these fuses are blown, the trouble is inside the exciter and not in the external load elreuit. Bright lights indicate that a Interchange the firing cireuit with spares or the other cards in the exeiter, if the trouble follows the card, the card is not operating properly. Change the yate and filter cards with spares orother cards inthe exciter. If thetrouble follows the card, the card is not operating properly. . 18LIGHT CONDITIONS PROBABLE CAUSE ‘TROUBLE-SHOOTING PROCEDURE 3. Trouble ts in the gate and ‘iter cards. 3. All Lights bright - zero DC output. are firing. 1. No input signal. 2. Firing cireuit not functioning. Check the SCR gate-cathode junction with anohmmeter. This can bedone at the ter- minalsonthe gate and filter card. ‘The resistance should be less than 2508. If it is Greater, check wiring and SCR. ‘This indicates that no cells Check voltage acrossterminals C and S on the exciter terminal board. If voltage is present (C (+) with respect to S (-) greater than 0. 5 volt oF so) the exciter shouldhave some DC output. (Reversing exciters will be turned on forward with this polarity input signal.) Check to see that this signal is reaching the firing circuit card. Test Point - 7 on TFCU-V. Ifthe signal reaches the card, the trouble must be in the firing circuit, See firing circuit test point waveshapes. Apparent trouble in the SCR is often not in the ‘SCR at all, but in the control signal from the regulator. If you suspect that this may be the case, the following shorteut may prove helpful. Disconnect the control signal from the regulator terminals C and $ on the exeiter T.B. Wire in a source of DC signal, zero tothree volts DC tocard TCEA - Term (C) 87 and Term 37. Vary this input signal from zero to about two volts and see ifthe exciter operates normally (two volts will tura the exciter full on). If the exeiter operates normally under these conditions, the trouble is probably inthe regulator instead of in the SCR, A simple DC signal source can be made from two 1.5 volt dry cells and a 100-ohm rheostat as shown in the sketch below. ‘To Term 5T 1st DRY CELLS ym To Term 37 Toor 1st t + Note: Exeiters with internal voltage feedback can have 1/2 output voltage from input terminals to ground, For additional assistance in locating trouble in your SCR exciters, oscilloscope patterns for properly operating exciters follow. These patterns are typical and any significant departure from them indicates trouble. 1, If exeiter problems cannot be located with the trouble-shooting notes and the oscilloscope patterns, consult the General Electric Com- any. 2, When defective components are located. the following general procedure should be followed, a, Remove AC power from the exciter. b, Remove defective component. (Note wire numbers and location if wires have to be disconnected. } cc. Replace with acomponent of the same catalog number. (Reconnect any wires that were disconnected: make sure cards are properly seated in their receptacles, all connections tight, etc.) 4. Reapply AC power. 9a. Single phase 90-volt Exciter (NP) ‘Center-tap Bridge FULL ON PHASED 90° PHASED OFF Lt- ba ner FN vours_ | ‘ ! tec \ ' | i gad - P A | rip | I yours A -LI / nA \ \ reeeeiy ep ata | 1 Gate : b : | | i ~\ A 4 vous | ; 1 ke ty | | eh | I | 1 bare | PH | HH pean 4 1 i \ I | \ | 1 Kf i co Leap, [a n 1 I 1 frass a Dynamic / PLUGGING / CHARACTERISTIC NORMAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC o Plugging # State condition shown in dotted 100% lines. FP Y y son 115% ye 1s ourpur vouTs : ap P N INDUCTIVE =100% POWER CIRCUIT © Fig. 19. Singlephoie 90-volt exciter(NP) — canter top bridge 20‘, Single-phase Exciter Plugging ~ Full-wave Beidge (NP) FULL ON PHASED 90° PHASED OFF 1 I | i Linz i Yours i-L2) 1 ¢ ) } | | | np | vous | I SS ie, bereecrtey aoe ___\ : ' ' Neen | | ! | FP y | A— yours + & 7 | . /! | | aa | | ! rep Ho htt ph Netty eee ie | ' | ( LOAD i XK VOLTS + NY N i a | 100% | \ NORMAL a OPERATING Transient condition thown in slid tines. CHARACTERISTIC - loging seedy state condition shown in dotted lines. ° 50% “a” 7 Sevan. 7 PLUGGING CHARACTERISTIC PB on} [LOAD OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS POWER CIRCUIT @ cc) Fig. 20. Single phate exciter plugging ~ full wove bridge (NP) ac. Single Exciter Nonplu, Full-wave Bridi x) FULL ON PHASED 90° NEARLY OFF I! ' I ' ' ' ‘LINE "i ! yours ! { 1 1 u | FIP \ ! vous ' ' 1 1 \, pat Eup : i ' ' k : Fl ry t 7 {| GATE 1 1 + + 4 ' \ | ' Fin | vous I ! ' : Fin \ ib Mitt Cte it |i Pee | th | ! | 1 1 4 Loa : vours ' ay 100% ac 1 SUPPLY, a rip FIN v : son F v v FIP FIN v ° L : ms oS ‘oS Toad] INPUT voLTS OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC o POWER CIRCUIT C Fig. 21. Single phese exciter nonplugging ~ full wave bridge (NX) 22FULL ON fee Hy a Single-phase Exciter, Full-reversin PHASED 90° = Full-wave Bridge (FP) Ps svoltage PHASED OFF LINE vouTs (ui-12) FIP vouTs \ Lf Ne rip eee + GaTE rep VoLTs Ly \ \ ve FP, Gare LoaD vouTs 2 e 0 ‘Transient condition shown in solid Lines. Plugging steady state condition shown in L L, dotted lines. ac be RIN SUPPL RIP FIP RN FP 2 _ ous} x LOAD o Fig. 22. Single phose ex 1 full reversing = full wave bridge Fy4, Single-phase Exciter, Fullzreversing = Full-wave Bridge (FP) (cont.) P= -voltage FULL ON PHASED 90° PHASED OFF LINE voLTs (Li-L2) RP voLts RIP GATE RIP yours Rep caTE i! LoaD voLTs o Transient condition shown in solid lines. Plugging steady state condition shown in dotted Nines, Only + oF - dotted lines will be present, ve. either + of = will be locked out, ternal feed back PUY a 4 12% with tailend pulse at 30° No internal feed back TPH |= 412” with tailend pulse at 30 vss tmernal feedback APHEY 2 4 .5v . Internal feedback OPE a 5 o Fig. 22 (cont). 24phase Quarts ng Ph Exciters ‘The waveshapes of the nonreversing nonplugging full wave bridge SCR exciters are similar to those covered previously. ‘The load voltage will be different. “PARTLY ON o” SINGLE PHASE OFF ° RECTIFIER ouTPuT LoaD vouTs ” (contmvous NEGATIVE, CURRENT) 2, THREE PHASE SCR EXCITERS When a drive is down, the first concern is to get it going again. With this in mind, the following in ‘structions will serve as a guide to locating the defective component. The exciters are so designed that most components can be changed easily, thus getting the drive back inoperation inminimum time. Most problemsin the SCR exciters will be due to defective components, the majority of which can be located with a knowledge of exciter operation, the Lights on the front of the exciter, and a volt-ohmmeter. ‘The Lights onthe exciter are very good indicators ‘of the performance of the cells. These lights are connected directly across the SCR cells and are a visual indication of the forward voltage across the cell. With the exciter turned off, the lights should burn relatively bright. As the exeiter output in creases, the intensity of the lights decreases until at half output the lights will go completely out. In reversing exciters, with no output in either direction, all Lights will burn at medium brilliance. As the exciter is turned on in one direction, the lights corresponding tothe cells for this direction will become dimmer, while the lights for cells forthe other direction will become brighter. Light condition will, of course, reverse when the exciter is turned on in the other direction. Since the lights are such good indicators of exciter performance, it is important that good lamps bbe kept inthe exciter at all times. If trouble should occur, a quick analysis of the light conditions will give 2 good idea where to start. All three phase exciters will have six (6) indicating lights. In a properly operating exciter, all six (6) lights will glow with the same brilliance af all output levels. By observing light conditions a great deal of infor- mationisavailable ifproperly interpreted. The list of possible problems can be greatly reduced before the exciter is opened. Following is a list of possible light conditions, and the most common failures that could cause them: 25LIGHT CONDITIONS PROBABLE CAUSE TROUBLE-SHOOTING PROCEDURE 1, All lights out and zero output. 2, Light intensity becomes ‘unbalanced - output decreases. 26 ‘This indicates loss of AC power across the SCR cells, For this condition, there are ‘two common causes: 1, Loss of AC input power to the exciter. 2, Two or more fuses blown. Bright lights indicate that a cell is not firing. 1. Trouble within the firing cireuit card. 2, Trouble in the firing cireult outside the firing circuit cards, 3. One Line fuse blown. Check for voltage at the top of the fuses, ‘This voltage should read line to line « 10% volts. If proper voltage ison the top of the fuses, check for voltage across each fuse. ‘This will locate the blown fuse. Check all power semiconductors with an ohmmeter. Good SCR cells will have a resistance of 500 ohms or greater in both the forward and reverse direction. Any cell with less resistance than this is probably the cause of the blown fuses. Fuses can also be blown by shorts in the load circuit external to the exciter. To check this, measure the resistance across the load terminals, This resistance should be con- sistent with the value shown on the elementary. As apower check{or load shorts, disconnect one of the load terminals and ut a high resistance across it, say two 20K 10 watts resistors inseries. Also, put ‘small fuses (about 5 amps) in place of the blown fuse. Reapply AC power. If these fuses are blown, the trouble is inside the exciter andnot in the external load circuit. All lights on the exeiter should glow with the same intensity. Different light intensity within this group of six lights will indicate unbalance in the firing circuits. Interchange the firing circuit with spares or the other cards in the exciter. If the trouble follows the card, the card is not operating properly. Change the gate and {filter cards with spares orother cards inthe exciter. If the trouble follows the card, the card is not operating properly. If this is not the trouble, check the SCR gate-cathode junction with an ohmmeter, This can be done at the terminals on the gate and{iter card. ‘The resistance should be less than 2500, If it is greater, check wiring and SCR. Positive and negative lights onthe line with the blown fuse will be out The remaining four (4) lights will behave normally. The maximum output voltage will be about 65°) of the normal output and will have a large 120-cycle ripple,LIGHT CONDITIONS 3. All lights bright - zero DC output. PROBABLE CAUSE 4. One SCR cell not firing. 5. One cell firing continuously, This indicates that no cells are firing. 1. No input signal. 2, Firing cireuit not functioning. TROUBLE-SHOOTING PROCEDURE One light will glow brightly at al times. ‘The maximum output voltage will be about 60% of the normal output and will have a large 60-cycle ripple. When a cell is not firing, it could, of course, also mean that the cell is not receiving ‘a firing signal, ‘The best way of determining if a firing signal is present is to look at the SCR gate signal with a scope. If no scope is available, hereare some thingstotry. 1. Check {for loose connections.on the heat sink card receptacle, firing cireuit card receptacle, and the gate lead itself. 2. Interchange firing circults, If the trouble follows the card, you have determined that the problem isinthefiring circuit. 3. Interchange gate and filter cards. This will determine if the trouble is in the filter cards. One light will be out at all times. The maximum output voltage will inerease very slightly. There will be a 80-cycle ripple increasing inmagnitude as the output voltage isdecreased. Continuous firing can be ‘caused by noise on the input signal as well as by cell failure. A quick check to see whether the input signal isat fault is to remove the SCR gate leadfrom the filter circuit terminal. "With the gate lead disconnected, a good cell will not fire at all, and the Light thatwas out will not glow with the brilliance normally expected at zero output. Check voltage across terminals C and $ on the exciter terminal board. If voltage is present here (C_(+) with respect to § (-) Greater than 0.5 volt or 0), the exeiter should have some DC output.” (Reversing exciters will be turned on forward with this polarity input signal.) Check to see that this signal is reaching the firing circuit card (Test point - 7 on TFCU or V). Ifthe signal reaches the card, the trouble must be in the firing cireuit. See firing circuit test point waveshapes. aApparent trouble inthe SCR is oftennot in the SCR at all, but in the control signal from the regulator. Hf yoususpect that this may be the cause, the following shortcut may prove helpful. Disconnect the control signal from the regulator (terminals Cand $ on the exciter T.B.), Wire in a source of DC signal, zero tothree volts DC to TCBA - term ST and term 3T. Vary this input signal from zero to about two voltsand see ifthe exciter operates normally (2 volts ‘will turnthe exciter full on). If the exeiter operates normally under these conditions, the trouble is probably in the regulator instead of the SCR. A simple DC signal source can be made from two 1. § volt dry cells and a 100 ohm rheostat as shown in the sketch below. —r (C) term 5T eae term 37 For additional assistance in locating trouble in your SCR exciters, oscilloscope patterns for properly operating exciters are included. These patterns are typical and any significant departure from them indicates trouble, 1. If exeiter troubles cannot be located with the trouble-shooting notes and the oscilloscope patterns, consult the General Electric Com- any. 2. When defective components are located, the following general procedure for changing them should be followed. a. Remove AC power from the exeiter. b, Remove defective component. (Note wire numbers and location if wires have to be disconnected. ) ©. Replace witha componentof the same cata- lognumber. (Reconnect any wires that were disconnected; make sure cards are properly Seated inthetr receptacles, all connections tight, ete.) d. Reapply AC power. a, Three-phase Bridge (NP) +100% NORMAL OPERATING CHARACTER- fac 50% aawaco of mput/p yout ace/ / Z /ornamic / PLUGGING CHARACTER- IsTIC 50% ouro< =100% OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC a Fig. 23. Three-phase Bridge ~ NP 28 POWER CIRCUIT o© 60 120 180 240 300 360 FULL ON, PHASE 90° PHASED OFF { fi LH wwe KON lee | ean Ty _ ih Brae ~ nip cane In| ly | LEAP rin gare fit Mite =—_ttittth L 12-13 | f voLTs i | |_| rp | | T] vours GATE Nt ry ih + t | Few Vv \ tt fi Sate HHH ttt 1 est nica — | | | _ | Touts | | rp if Gee Pitti tin HLL ech EE a } Wy cr yours cae Gate | ti Lr | we, INNA ep Sate (ety it ‘ ! i z ) Fig. 23. Three-phave Bridge ~ NP (cont) 29© 60 120 180 240 300 360 FULL ON, b, Threenphase Bridge (FP) PHASE 90° Li-L2 vouts RIP vots RIP PHASED OFF GATE RIN voLts RIN GATE far fh _fttiny BE, SN. Ws RIP vouTs Rp Dit GATE RIN vouts RN GATE fnttitttth eu YS vous RIP vouTs See ‘Hitt ity ttt RIN voLts GATE L os aw igs 24. Three-phave bridge ~ FP ae) Steady State (dashed)by kas RIN RIP FIP FIN RN Rap = [LOAD x POWER CIRCUIT Oy With internal feedback 00% Nr / 7 Without internal feedback the 50% 7 deadband is # 13% with tail- 7, fend pulse at 30°, / / 30 #25 420 +1) cio -15 =20 -25 -30 50% 100% OUTPUT CHARACTERISTIC Cy . Fig. 24. Three-phoze bridge ~ FP (cont.) an32 Plugging Exciter: ‘The waveshapes of the nonreversing, nonplugging full wave bridge SCR exciters are similar to those covered previously. The load voltage will be different. PARTLY ON whch” 3, CARD TEST POINTS THREE PHASE RECTIFIER OUTPUT LoaD vouts (contivous NEGATIVE CUR- RENT) (FIRING ANGLE = 70°) ‘Test Pointsare available onthe cards to check for proper card operation. a. Firing Circult - Refer to schematic of IC3600TFCU or V, Fig. 28. ‘Test Point Designation Not Used PA PB ack Not Used. Input Sig. Unijunction Emitter OFF Explanation: PA~ Control signal which 1s connected to ‘2 pulse transformer on a gate and filter card, This is the source of the gate firing pulse for positive cells. PB~ Control signal which is connected to ‘a pulse transformer on a gate and fil ter card. This signal is the source of the gate firing pulse for negativecells. AC1~ 12V RMS reference voltage. Unijunction Emitter ~ This point is in the ‘timing circuit. Input Signal - Error voltage which is fed into the firing circuit,Wi “20is “> 7 TRIGGERS anno | |MOUE * Rove * iMod PS TPLa0o0Q.. |. Bee Dus... oi < Trig: war » ea ROUE * * Ba PS TP4301780. AOS =~ A A a eee | MOUE Rove‘ Ema PS TP5 FC TP220 va _ MOUE ‘ A =| rioue: 4 oe ee rig aii i CONTRAST SLOPE = FC TP3A MOUE ‘ hh roue: ui [ass TEs By FC TP4Tr » SY ConTRasT hove | Rove ‘* iia FC TP6MOUE [8 Rove uid aa CONTRAST BRS = FC TP7TPS - TPSA Gerad TECU-TECY Test Points ‘TP-6 Unijunction Emitter FULL ON 90° o score - rlove a gP-} « rFcU Rpt + 12 = FPSA-TP-6 | 5. A LAA] | os WW a fy jd (NOTE «on some pee eae present due to uni. I junction hang-up. | ‘This is nol a problem 1 ‘but may hdppen. ) | | 1 TP-2 PA (14 exciter) | SCOPE rove a Teg - TECU : shewigy = absactP-6 | a6 ne a Hi | HI Oo i Mi l li -12" t 1 rp-2 PB (id exciter) | Scope = Prose A TE-3- TRU ae ] TH | Hi —_ | || a2” | ll l | L I ! ! \ | | | | | ! | : \ 1 | 1 4 3 phase wave shapes would be similar but instead of 180 degrees long, they would be on (with pulses) for 120 degrees. 33ACL-TPS SCOPE PROBE A - ACI-TP4-TFCU or ¥ SCOPE RET. ov ov ~ ” 4 FULL oN {1¥* appron| INPUT SiGe - TP-7 SCOPE PROBE A - INPUT SIGNAL - TP-7 - TFCU or SCOPE RET - COM. - I ! ‘TFCU-TFCV Test Points (Cont.) + COM,-TERM 5 of TOBA TERM 5 of TOBA NO FEEDBACK - input signal variations will be seen at the & ” 1 | OFF | | (NOTE: Exciters with internal volt age feedback voltage from ground.) st point: D.C. ” can have ./2 output input terminals to level showa below. 1 re i + xa” With voltage feedback load voltage ripple will be present at this point. i t ” 2 apr] ” | - | | | ‘ T | | | | | I I | | i ! |b. Power Supply - TPSA - Refer to schematic of IC3600TPSA, Fig. 28. Point Designation osc GND Not Used +16v Bias -120 Not Used ‘Explanation: OSC - 20 KC multivibratar output GND - OV or common ++16V ~ unregulated DC bias Bias - DC voltage used with firing cireuit TCU or V -12V ~ regulated DC bias osc - TPI-TPSA SCOPE PROBE A - OSC - TPI-TPSA SCOPE RET TP2-TPSA of2z.5 fo — 50 >| +16. TPA-TPSA +6 Sp NOTE - 34 power supply will have 360 cycle Fipple instead of the 120 cycle ripple shown here. oF pp} $s} 1/2 eyete of power frequency Bias and -12¥ are simply DC level c. Reversing Logic- TRLA - B- C - D - Re fer to schematic of ICSS00TRLA, B,C, D, ig. 30. ‘Test Point Designation SR. 1G0 Zero LOF TD. Read LOR Explanation: R. = Saturable Reactor output which is fed nto the Comparator circuit of the Re- versing Logic. 1 GO - This is the Comparator cireult output. Zero - This is zero pulses generated within the Reversing Logic from the zero pulses received from the Firing Circuit. LOF - Lockoutforward, Thisisa reversing logic output. T.D. - Time Delay - Internal Reversing Logie Signal which controls flip-flop state. Read - Internal Reversing Logic signal which determines the time at which the comparator output is “looked at. * LOR - Lock out reverse. This is a reversing logie output. 38S.R, = TP1-TRLA (B,C,D) SCOPE - Probe A- TPL - TRLA Ret - TP2 - TPSA 16 Exeiter (TRLA);(TRLC willbe similar but will have a 10 msec. time bi FULL OUTPUT VOLTAGE oY OUTPUT VOLTAGE sc. time base.) 36 Exciter (TRLB); (TRLD will be similar but will have a 102 FULL OUTPUT VOLTAGE 0” OUTPUT VOLTAGE — nu v25¥/em 4 H=2ms/em eS 1G0 « TP2 - TRLA (B,C, D) SCOPE - Probe A - TR2'= TRLA SCOPE - Ret - TP2 - TPSA FULL OUTPUT VOLTAGE o” OUTPUT VOLTAGE i | a — 8.35 MS ! 0° for fall evel o” (TRLA, B) 10,00 MS (TRLc, D) : 36ZERO - TP3-TRLA(B, C, D) SCOPE - Probe A- TP3-TRLA Ret. - TP2-TPSA FULL OUTPUT VOLTAGE APPROX, + 12” Ae o ly. 8.35 me ol eo~ TRLA-3 ‘A = 150 see - TRLA-C 275 usec - TREB-D be-10 ma ‘S07 TRLC-D > LOF-TP4-TRLA(B, C, D) D.C, Voltmeter Probe - TP4-TRLA ret - TP2-TPSA. OY Output Voltage same as full output voltage OY - indicates that the forward firing circuit 1s locked out. 12" - indicates that the forward firing circuit is Note: It is possible to "lock out” the forward firing T. D. -TPS-TRLA(B, C, D) Scope Probe A - TPS-TRLA ret - TP2-TPSA Full Output Voltage o_o tevet not locked out, circuit by jumpering this TP4 to TP2-TPSA. 0 Output Voltage +12” level ov a7Read - TP6 - TRLA (B,C, D) Scope - Probe A - TP6-TRLA Ret - TP2 - TPSA 16 package (TRLA, C) Reference 1AC1 65 meee Approx. + 12” o A23.7ms = TRLA . 4.4ms - TREC 10 ms ‘TREC LOR-TP7-TRLA(B, C, D) D.C, Voltmeter Probe - TP7-TRLA ret - TP2-TPSA 36 package (TRLB, D) Reference LACI fees mace ha 3 2% appre 8.35 1B - 650 microsec TRL TRLB 780 microsee TRLD OY - indicates that the reverse firing circuit is locked out, -12" - indicates that the reverse firing circuit is not locked out. Note: It {s possible to "lock out" the reverse firing circuit by jumpering TPT-TRLA to TP2-TPSA. 384. EXCITER BIAS ADJUSTMENT All unijunction SCR exciters include a bias or dead-band rheostat, This rheostat Is used to provide a bias that advances the firing angle. Since a pure inductive load will not accept power until the firing angle advances be- yond 90°, a bias is needed to reduce the dead ‘band, ourpur VOLTAGE UNBIASED. CHARACTER. STIC Fig. 25. Input signal Figure 25 shows the effect of the bias on the characteristic of the exciter. The bias effectively shifts the characteristic curve to the left. The dead band can be reduced. the amount depending on the type of exeiter involved. The bias voltage is generated within the power supply. TPSA. NP (NONREVERSING: PLUGGING) ‘The bias adjustment (bias potentiometer on TCRA) is set just below that required to give some output voltage with the terminals (C and 3T) shorted. This can be checked by connecting a voitmeter to the exciter output terminals and observing the setting of the rheostat when voltage starts to increase. Then back the pot off one quarter turn. QP (QUARTER REVERSING. PLUGGING) ‘The bias adjustment in this exciter bs set to just cancel the effect of the internal roverse current bridge. With theterminals(C aud $7) shorted. con nect a voltmeter to the exciter output terminals Adjust the rheustat until the voltmeter reads zero ‘output volts. FP (FULL REVERSING, PLUGGING) ‘The zero-input-voltage firing pointis set at 30° on these units. A rather wide dead band is maintained in exeiters without internal feedback. If the exciter has internal feedback the dead band will be less. If a smallerdead band is mandatory, the blas pot may be usedtoreduce thedead band. It ts recommended that the firing polnt not be advanced by the bias be- yond 489. "If instability does result, the bias must bbe backed off. An oscilloscope is needed to set the dead band on reversing units. The following steps can be used to achieve the setting. 1, Jumper TCBA - term € to 37. 2, Lockout the reverse firing circuits by jumpering TRLA (B,C, D) - TPT to TPSA-TP2, 3. Connect scope from a forward TFCU (or V) - ‘TP6 to TPSA-TP-6. 4. Adjust bias pot so that the unijunction firing: point occurs at the desired point. 330° Sade 0 8.35 9 60~ Lo ms = 50 NX (NONREVERSING. NONPLUGGING) ‘The bias has been set on exciters with interaal feedback by feeding - 18V from TCBA—term C to torm 3T - 10V is fed to exciters without internal feedback: then adjusting the bias pot to achieve rated DC output voltage at the output terminals P to N.oF nen ety row Pos, crLL Pui 3 oa wweur PULSE Pos nEG wes SICKAL om cre ce 2 ca Fe Fe a ws 1 m 7 : : oe é | con (ast) ~ BIAS : Oo os RIG qe Lign Ligue wife! “Mere ca & ie (CR vest ae baal RT 15K wy te Cay Te pot qT Sy 13. ry Ea wets sax + Ena t [fab to] ee e o on fs £3 EF a am : zm ells so Tv G3) = (Elementary diagram 1C36001FCUN)a{™ rev cor_a-sty Zhe vs (37 - 9 38h ox ise [as FOLLOWING TERMINALS ARE COHSKN TO HANT CARDS, AND ARE USUALLY TABLED. PLeV (482 Ni2y (29), COMA), ACLC2RD, AC2 (49), A 08¢ (25), BIAS(A3), PUL @27), NXE). To sh. + 3.0 xea9 ~1ocHro sor CRLACRLL,CRIS-CRIOexaezooRL cra exrart —— at ~ a7 GBATOTOPL OR FO ro SH, oes eeaTaSFL 2.0 azo ean737403 car az2.02e ceaTasor2 a cReoacRat —g2A725002, * 1X RESISTORS TYPE exnTo0 1229) aPARTS 1. FIRING CIRCUIT - (iesso0TFCU- ixoorreyy ‘There are two types of unijunction firing circuits = one for §0-cycle operation and one for 60-cyele. ‘The difference lies in the additionof capacitor C8 in parallel with C2 for the 50-cycle firing cireust. ‘The clreuit maybe broken down into several func~ tional parts: 1, Synchronization Circuit 2, Input Signal 3, Pulse Generator 4, Positive Cell Flip-Flop 5, Negative Cell Flip-Flop 6. Pulse Outputs Discussion: (See Elementary Diagram) (1) SyachronizationCircuit ~ 24-volt rms voltage transformer derived from the AC supply is fed into the circuit at ACI (32) and AC2 (43). The zero crossovers ofthis sinusoidal voltage are used togenerate "zero" pulses. These pulses are used both within this firing circuit and externally inthe reversing logic. The zero pulse {is used onthe cardtodischargethe capacitors C2 and C9 by means of turning on transistors Ql and Q2. ‘The capacitors are discharged to insure the same initial conditions in the uni- Junction timing ctrcult (pulse generator) at the ‘beginning of each half cycleof the AC voltage. (2) Input Signal — Input signal is applied at pin 5. A negative voltage with respect tocommon will tend to turn on transistor Q13. Terminal 13 (Bias) is normally held at approximately +.5 volts by the power supply card. Ideally a volt age at pin 5 will start QI toturnonat a slight change in the negative direction. Q13 acts as ‘a current soures which will charge capacitor C9, 1 QL3 manages to charge C3 so that the total charge on C9 and C2 in series reaches approximately 7 volts, unijunction Q20 will fire, discharging the capaeitorsand causing a voltage pulse across R?. The current generated by Q13 is proportional to the input signal. ‘The proportionality is intentionally non- Linear to compensate for nonlinearities in the ‘basic thyristor power circuit. RT9 and CRI2 2 a (a © act as a function generator to increase the current gainof Q19 at the highend of the input voltage range. Since C9 is a small value of capacitance it is possible to charge it to 7 volts and fire the ‘unijunction ina very short me. This results in a fast response firing circuit, ‘Tail-end Pulse Current Generator ~ Qld is a current generator whose output current is set in test tocharge C2 to 7 volts andfirethe unijunction at the end of each half cycle. If the input signal is OV or positive the unijanetion will fire each half cycle due to the action of Qid. These pulsesare referredtoas tail-end pulses. It is possible to prevent unijunction firing by turning on transistors Ql and Q2. These are turned oneach half cycle by zero pulses to re~ ‘set the timing capacitorsC9 and C2. They can also be turned on by applying positive voltage to pin 21 (L.0.); this function is performed by reversing logic card in reversing operation. Unijunetion Circuit ~ Q20 is the unijunction transistor, Each circuit is trimmed by resistor selectionto insure that each firing cir- cuitwill track the other. This circuit-to-circuit balance is necessary, especially in three phase packages. Flip-Flop ~ QI5 and Q§ are the active tran- Sistors in the positive cell flip-flop; Q16 and Q8 are in the negative cell flip-flop. These {flip-flops are externally connected so that if one is set the other is cleared. The FF's are steered by signals derived from the zero pulse generator. This is necessary to insure that when output voltage isdesired gate pulses are sent to the thyristor with forward anode to cathode voltage. ‘The unijunction pulses generated across RT will set either the positive or negative FF depending on the steering signal. The FF's can bbe reset or cleared by external signals on pin 39 (PFFC) or pin 15 (NFFC). Pulse Outputs - A square wave witha frequency of approximately 20KC is applied to pin 25 (OSC), (The oscillator is located in the power supply card.) This square wave will turn QT fon and off at the same frequency. The posi tive and negative FF's control the states of Q23 and Q24. The FF's states are such that both Q23 and Q24 are never "on" simultan- eously. Two external pulse transformers are connected in the collector circuits of Q23 and Q24. One transformer primary is connected

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