Statistics 100 Summer Session II

Final Exam Solutions

September 10, 2014

PROBLEM 1 (30 points) FEV, an index of pulmonary function, is normally distributed in adults with mean
= 4.5 liters and standard deviation = .8 liters.
15pts (a) If FEV less than 2.5 liters shows functional impairment, what proportion of the population has func-
tional impairment?

Define Y as the FEV for one adult in the population, which has a normal distribution as stated above.
P (Y < 2.5) = .0062
Thus, .0062 is the proportion of the population that shows functional impairment.
15pts (b) What value of FEV is required to have lung function in the bottom 10% of people?

Find Y where
P (Y < Y ) = .1 Y = 3.4748
Thus, a FEV value of 3.47848 or less is required to be in the bottom 10% of the population.

PROBLEM 2 (30 points) The number of calories in frozen entrees sold by a supermarket chain is normally
distributed with with mean = 551 and standard deviation = 119 for vegetarian entrees and for entrees con-
taining meat it was = 625 with = 143. The stores sell 80% entrees with meat and the rest is vegetarian. Find
the probability that a randomly selected entree has less than 700 calories.

Define the events A = Entree has less than 700 calories B = Entree is vegetarian

P (A) = P (A|B)P (B) + P (A|B c )P (B c )

= (.8947)(.2) + (.7000)(.8)
= .7389

PROBLEM 3 (60 points) One hundred and twenty mice were split into three groups of 40 each. Group A
was given food that contained daily a supplement to control intestinal parasites, group B was given a monthly
supplement and group C was not given any supplement. Ten mice in group A, 20 mice in group B and 35 mice in
group C had parasites at the end of the study.

15pts (a) Construct contingency table of observed counts for this experiment.

A B C
Parasite 10 20 35
No Parasite 30 20 5

15pts (b) Calculate the expected number of counts.

A B C
Parasite 65/3 65/3 65/3
No Parasite 55/3 55/3 55/3
20pts (c) Calculate the chi-squared test for association and give the degrees of freedom.

H0 : Groups A,B,C are independent of parasite contraction

HA : Groups A,B,C are not independent of parasite contraction

2 X
3
X (Oij Eij )2
2assoc = = 31.89
Eij
i=1 j=1

dfassoc = (3 1)(2 1) = 2

10pts (d) At = .01 state your conclusion.

The critical value for this test is 2.01,2 = 9.21 with corresponding p-value 1.189 107 , thus we reject H0 at level
= .01 and conclude there is dependence between the supplement given and the contraction of the parasite.

Problem 4 (30 points) A scientist conducted a study to evaluate the effect of music on a parakeet. On 10
randomly selected days the parakeet was exposed to 30 minutes of music during which time the number of chirps
was recorded. The scientist also recorded the number of chirps during a 30 minute period without music. The
observation period without music was randomly chosen to precede or follow the period with music.

day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
music 12 14 11 13 20 14 10 12 6 13
no mus 3 1 2 1 5 3 5 2 8 3

10pts (a) State the null and alternative hypothesis to test that music affects the number of times the parakeet
chirps?

H0 : d = 0 (i.e. mean change in chirps between two periods is equal to 0)

HA : d 6= 0 (i.e. mean change in chirps between two periods is not equal to 0)

10pts (b) Identify the test procedure to use here.

A paired t-test would be most appropriate here.

10pts (d) Find the p-value and state your conclusions in context at = .01.
 
9.2 0
p value = 2 P t101 >
1.5041
= .0002

Thus we reject H0 at = .01 with this data and conclude that a parakeet chirps a different amount of times with
music than without music.

PROBLEM 5 (30 points) A plant physiologist investigated the effect of flooding on flood tolerant river birch,
intolerant European birch and a hybrid of the two trees. The physiologist studied ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
in the roots of the plants.
 Type tree1 tree2 tree3 tree4
RB 1.35 1.29 1.15 1.07
EB .25 .48 .21 .27
HYB .70 .82 .75 1.04

10pts (a) State the null and alternative hypothesis that flooding has no effect on root metabolism as measured
by ATP.

H0 : RB = EB = HY B
HA : i 6= j For at least one pair of i, j in {RB,EB,HYB}

20pts (b) Test the hypothesis stated in (a) at = .05. Construct the Anova table and state your conclusions

Df SS MS F
Group 2 1.6779 .8390 47.0590
Error 9 .1605 .0178
Total 11 1.8384

The F value above leads to a p-value of 1.714 105 , thus we reject H0 at = .05 and conclude that based on
this data at least one pair of groups have different means.

PROBLEM 6 (30 points) For problem 5 above, use a Bonferroni procedure to test which, if any, means are
different at = .06. State your conclusions.

RB vs. EB : (.646, 1.179)

RB vs. HY B : (.121, .654)
EB vs. HY B : (.791, .259)

Since none of the intervals attain 0, we conclude that each pair has significantly different mean values.

Second Method (circa sample exam)

Y i Y j
Define t = q
M Serror (n1 1
i +nj )

RB vs. EB : t = 9.672
RB vs. HY B : t = 4.107
EB vs. HY B : t = 5.565

And comparing these to the critical value t.01,9 = 2.821, it is found that |t |  t.01,9 for all pairs, and hence none
of the intervals attain 0 and each pair has significantly different mean values.

Note: Intervals or t values could be reflected over the origin if difference order was changed
PROBLEM 7, (60 points) In a study comparing calories in vegetarian (V) and non vegetarian (NV) entrees the
average number of calories in 31 vegetarian entrees was found to be Y = 551 with a standard deviation S = 125
while the number of calories in 32 non vegetarian entrees was Y = 605 with S = 135.

10pts (a) Find a 99% confidence interval for V N V .

54 87.2 or (141.2, 33.2)

25pts (b) Test at = .05 that vegetarian entrees have more calories. Find the p-value and state your conclusion.

H0 : V = N V
HA : V > N V

!
(551 605) 0
p-value = P t31+322 > p = .9476 > = .05 Fail to reject H0
130.178 1/31 + 1/32

25pts (c) If non vegetarian meals have on average 25 more calories (which all other things being equal would
lead to a 7.8 kg weight increase per year), how large do the samples need to be to detect such an increase with
power .9 at the above level of significance = .01. Use the statistics obtained above as the parameter values
needed for the power calculation.

2(130.178)2 (2.326 + 1.282)2

n = 705.92
252
Thus, a sample of at least 706 in each group is needed to meet these conditions.

Problem 8 (60 points) A researcher was interested in the relationship between y = maximum bench press
and x = number of 60 pound bench presses for 57 female high school athletes. The table below gives summary
statistics for both variables and output from a regression:
Descriptives

predictor coeff SE coef

Constant 63.5 1.96
X 1.49 0.150

Regression output
(1) Mean square regression M Sregression = 6350 on 1 degrees of freedom
(2) R-Squared: 0.643
(3) F-statistic: 99.1

20pts (a) Using the information provided, complete the Anova table.

Df SS MS F
Regression 1 6350 6350 99.06
Residual 55 3525.58 64.10
Total 56 9875.58

10pts (b) At = 0.01 do we reject the null hypothesis that the slope is zero? Justify your answer!

H0 : = 0
HA : 6= 0

p value = P (F1,55 > 99.06) = 6.61 1014 < = .01 H0 is rejected

30pts (c) Calculate a 99% CI for the correlation.
 
1 + .643
z = .5 ln = 1.104 z = .136
1 .643

Hence, the 99% confidence interval for is

(.637, .897)