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Chapter
29
Ray Optics
If light rays, after reflection or refraction, actually (2) After reflection, velocity, wave length and
meets at a point then real image is formed and if they frequency of light remains same but intensity
appears to meet virtual image is formed. decreases.
(3) There is a phase change of if reflection takes
place from denser medium.
Reflection From a Plane Surface (Plane Mirror)
I O I
O
The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect,
(Real (Virtual (Real (Virtual laterally inverted, equal in size that of the object and at
image) object) object) image)
a distance equal to the distance of the object in front of
the mirror.
Real image x x
(Virtual
image) Fig. 29.2
(1) Deviation ( ) : Deviation produced by a plane
mirror and by two inclined plane mirrors.
(Real
image)
O (Real
I object)
(Virtual
object) i r
(Virtual
Reflection of Light image)
When a ray of light after incidenting on a boundary = (180 2i) = (360 2)
separating two media comes back into the same media, (B) Double Reflection
(A) Single Reflection
then this phenomenon, is called reflection of light.
(2) Images by two Fig. inclined
29.3 plane mirrors :
Normal
When two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an
Reflected ray angle , then number of images (n) formed of an object
Incident
ray which is kept between them.
i r
Boundary 360o 360o
(i) n 1 ; If even integer
Fig. 29.1
2 Ray Optics
360o
(ii) If odd integer then there are two
possibilities
C P P C
F F
Principa
l axis
Image
Behind the mirror
Virtual
Erect
P
Large in size
C F
m>+1
I (v2 v1 )
m
O (u2 u1 )
2
dv v
If object is small; m
du u
2 2
f f v
f u f
Areal magnification : If a 2D-object is placed with
it's plane perpendicular to principle axis. It's Areal
magnification
Areaof image(Ai ) A
ms ms m2 i
Areaof object(Ao ) Ao