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Variant 2

240 liters/Day
60 C

Results of annual simulation

Installed collector power: 2,10 kW

Installed solar surface area (gross): 3 m2
Irradiation on to collector surface (active): 4,29 MWh 1.431,14 kWh/m2
Energy delivered by collectors: 2.569,58 kWh 856,53 kWh/m2
Energy delivered by collector loop: 2.391,56 kWh 797,19 kWh/m2

DHW heating energy requirement: 4,88 MWh

DHW heating energy supply: 2.278,53 kWh
Solar contribution to DHW: 2.391,56 kWh

Electricity savings: 3.066,1 kWh

CO2 emissions avoided: 2.042,02 kg
DHW solar fraction: 100,0 %
Fractional energy savings (DIN CEN/TS 12977-2): 52,3 %
System efficiency: 55,7 %

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Variant 2

Site data

Climate file
Location:
Climate data record: LOZNICA
Total annual global irradiation: 1273,735 kWh/m2
Latitude: 44,55
Longitude: -19,23

Domestic hot water

Average daily consumption: 240 l
Desired temperature: 60 C
Consumption profile: Detached house (evening
max)
Cold water temperature: February: 9 C
August: 15,5 C
Circulation: No

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Variant 2

System

Thermosyphon system
Collector area (active solar surface): 3 m2
Type: Standard flat-plate collector
Tilt angle: 30
Collector Orientation: 180
Azimuth: 0
Storage tank volume: 240 l

Legend
With test report
Solar Keymark

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Variant 2

Solar energy consumption as percentage of total consumption

80
75
70
65
60
55
[ kWh ] per week

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
feb mar apr maj jun jul avg sep okt nov dec

Solar contribution 2.392 kWh Total energy consumption 2.392 kWh

These calculations were carried out by T*SOL Pro 5.5 (R11) - the simulation program for solar
thermal heating systems. The results are determined by a mathematical model calculation with
variable time steps of up to 6 minutes. Actual yields can deviate from these values due to
fluctuations in climate, consumption and other factors. The system schematic diagram above
does not represent and cannot replace a full technical drawing of the solar system.

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Variant 2

Financial analysis

System
Active surface area: 3 m2
System yield: 2.391,56 kWh
Annual fuel savings: 3.066,1 kWh Electricity

Financial analysis parameters

Life span: 20 Years
Interest on capital: 2,5 %
Reinvestment return: 2,5 %
Energy cost escalation rate: 3,0 %
Running cost escalation rate: 1,5 %

Financing
Total investments: 3.000 KM
Subsidies: 0 KM
Loan capital: 0 KM
Remaining investment: 3.000 KM

Running costs in first year: 0 KM

Savings in first year: 1.533 KM

Financial analysis
Cost of solar energy: 0,080 KM/kWh
Capital return time: 1,9 Years
Amortization period: 2,0 Years

Profitability
Return on assets: 1.373,1 %
Return on equity: 1.373,1 %
Internal rate of return rate, IRR: 54,09 %
Net present value: 28.341 KM

Reinvestment premise
Profit: 48.356 KM
Modified internal rate of return, MIRR: 15,26 %

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Variant 2

55.000
50.000
45.000
40.000
35.000
30.000
KM Profit: 48.356 KM
25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0 Remaining investment: 3.000 KM
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Operation year
Cashflow
Balance
Bank account (@ 15,26% MIRR)

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Variant 2

Energy balance schematic

Legend
1 Irradiation on to collector surface (active) 4.293 kWh
1.1 Optical collector losses 1.083 kWh
1.2 Thermal collector losses 641 kWh
2 Energy from collector array 2.570 kWh
2.1 Solar energy to storage tank 2.392 kWh
2.5 Internal piping losses 149 kWh
2.6 External piping losses 29 kWh
3.1 Tank losses 113 kWh
6.5 Electric element 0 kWh
9 DHW energy from tank 2.279 kWh

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Variant 2

Glossary
1 Irradiation on to collector surface (active)
Solar energy irradiated onto tilted collector area (active surface area)
1.1 Optical collector losses
Reflection and other losses
1.2 Thermal collector losses
Heat conduction and other losses
2 Energy from collector array
Energy output at collector array outlet (i.e. before piping)
2.1 Solar energy to storage tank
Energy from collector loop to storage tank (minus piping losses)
2.5 Internal piping losses
Internal piping losses
2.6 External piping losses
External piping losses
3.1 Tank losses
Heat losses via surface area
6.5 Electric element
Energy from electric water heater element
9 DHW energy from tank
Heat from tank (exluding circulation) for DHW consumption

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