Ednaly C.

Santos
BSBA- 1B
Why Men Dominate in Science Fields?

According to some research the problem begins at a young age. Young girls are not
encouraged, like boys are, to be curious about how things work; for example, to assemble and
disassemble things. This curiosity is one of the fundamental things that make a scientist. Later in
life, it is considered less attractive for women to go into science, especially physics, and in
particular theoretical physics. The fraction of females vs. males hired in physics departments is
significantly less than that in other scientific disciplines such as biology. The field is male-
dominated, which makes it harder for females to be part of in the first place.

Another reason seems to involve work-life balance. The responsibilities of family caretaking
still fall disproportionately on women's laps. And so women often choose the stay-at-home-mom
position or their household responsibilities make it nearly impossible for them to meet the long
hours required for doing a research.

Gender bias is another reason. Some universities did not accept women science students.
Overall, the implications for women in science are significant. Implicit biases against women in
science may prevent girls and women from pursuing science from the beginning, play a role in
evaluations of girls and womens course work in science subjects, influence parents decisions
to encourage or discourage their daughters from pursuing science career, and influence
employers hiring decisions and evaluations offemale employees.
Sex discrimination and harassment in tech, and in science more broadly, is a major reason why
women leave the field.

2. Who are known female Physicist?

Jocelyn Bell Burnell, ne Susan Jocelyn Bell (born July 15, 1943, Belfast,
Northern Ireland), British astronomer who discovered pulsars, the cosmic
sources of peculiar radio pulses. She attended the University of Glasgow,
where she received a bachelors degree (1965) in physics. She proceeded to
the University of Cambridge, where she was awarded a doctorate (1969) in radio astronomy. As
a research assistant at Cambridge, she aided in constructing a large radio telescope and in 1967,
while reviewing the printouts of her experiments monitoring quasars, discovered a series of
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extremely regular radio pulses. Puzzled, she consulted her adviser, astrophysicist Antony
Hewish, and their team spent the ensuing months eliminating possible sources of the pulses,
which they jokingly dubbed LGM (for Little Green Men) in reference to the remote possibility
that they represented attempts at communication by extraterrestrial intelligence. After monitoring
the pulses using more sensitive equipment, the team discovered several more regular patterns of
radio waves and determined that they were in fact emanating from rapidly spinning neutron stars,
which were later called pulsars by the press.

The 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Hewish and Martin Ryle for the discovery of
pulsars. Several prominent scientists protested the omission of Bell Burnell, though she
maintained that the prize was presented appropriately given her student status at the time of the
discovery. Subsequent to her discovery, Bell Burnell taught at the University of Southampton
(197073) before becoming a professor at University College London (197482). She also
taught at the Open University (197387) and worked at the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
(198291), before serving as professor of physics at the Open University (19912001). Bell
Burnell was then appointed dean of science at the University of Bath (200104), after which she
accepted a post as visiting professor at Oxford.

Bell Burnell was created Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1999 and
Dame (DBE) in 2007. Bell Burnell became a member of the Royal Society in 2003. She also
served as president of the Royal Astronomical Society (200204) and was elected to a two-year
term as president of the Institute of Physics in 2008.

Poland's Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize,
in Physics, and with her later win, in Chemistry, she became the first
person to claim Nobel honors twice.

I believe that science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory

is not a mere technician; he is also a child confronting natural
phenomena that impress him as though they were fairy tales.

Marie Curie

Who Was Marie Curie?

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Born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, Marie Curie became the first woman to win a
Nobel Prize and the first personman or womanto win the award twice. Curie's efforts, with
her husband Pierre Curie, led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death,
the further development of X-rays. The famed scientist died on July 4, 1934.

What Did Marie Curie Discover?

Marie Curie discovered radioactivity, and, together with her husband Pierre, the radioactive
elements polonium and radium, while working with the mineral pitchblende.

Fascinated with the work of Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered that uranium
casts off rays weaker than the X-rays found by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, Marie Curie took his
work a few steps further. Curie conducted her own experiments on uranium rays and discovered
that they remained constant, no matter the condition or form of the uranium. The rays, she
theorized, came from the element's atomic structure. This revolutionary idea created the field of
atomic physics. Curie herself coined the word "radioactivity" to describe the phenomena.

Following Maries discovery of radioactivity, she continued her research with her husband.
Working with the mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered a new radioactive element in 1898.
They named the element polonium, after Marie's native country of Poland. They also detected
the presence of another radioactive material in the pitchblende, and called that radium. In 1902,
the Curies announced that they had produced a decigram of pure radium, demonstrating its
existence as a unique chemical element.

Vera Cooper Rubin (1928- 2016), the groundbreaking astrophysicist who

discovered evidence of dark matter, died Sunday night at the age of 88, the
Carnegie Institution confirms.
Rubin did much of her revelatory work at Carnegie. The organization's
president calls her a "national treasure."
In the 1960s and 1970s, Rubin was working with astronomer Kent Ford,
studying the behavior of spiral galaxies, when they discovered something entirely unexpected
the stars at the outside of the galaxy were moving as fast as the ones in the middle, which didn't
fit with Newtonian gravitational theory.
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