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0. Zadatak....................................................0
1. Tehniki opis.................................................2
2. Grafo-analitiki i analitiki izraun normalnih dubina.................................4
3. Izdraun kritine dubine
Q=vA
gdje su
v- prosjena brzina toka (m/s)
A- protona povrina (m2)
Q- protok (m3/s)
v=K*R2/3*I1/2
gdje su:
R- hidrauliki radijus (m)
n- Manningov koeficijent hrapavosti (m-1/3s)
I- pad vodnog lica
2
Potrebno je i izraunati kritinu dubinu koju definiramo kao dubinu pri
kojoj je specifina energija minimalna za zadani protoni presjek i protok.
Ona ovisi samo o geometrijskim karakteristikama kanala i protoku, a ne
ovisi o padnu dna kanala i hrapavosti. Izraavamo je preko krivulje
kritinog protoka i krivulje specifine energije.
Krivulja specifine energije definira specifinu energiju H(m) u ovisnosti o
dubini vode y(m).
2
H=y+
2
gdje su:
y- dubina vode u presjeku (m)
v- srednja brzina vode u presjeku (m/s)
- Coriollisov koeficijent
g- ubrzanje polja sile tee (m/s2)
H- specifina energije (m)
Takoer treba definirati kritini pad koji se javlja kada je Froudeov broj
jednak 1, odnosno kada je normalna dubina jednaka kritinoj te tada
vrijedi:
2
Ic= K v2 Rc 4 / 3
S obzirom na kritini pad moemo definirati teenje u kanalu. Ako je pad
dna korita manji od kritinog, teenje je mirno, dok za pad vei od kritinog
teenje je silovito.
3
2. GRAFO-ANALITIKI I ANALITIKI IZRAUN NORMALNIH DUBINA
Zadane vrijednosti:
Q=65,00 (m3/s)
b=7,8 (m)
m=1,2
K1=34
K2=76
Io1=0.0008
I02=0.023
=1.05
Vrijedi:
Q=v*A
v=k*R2/3*
R= omoeni radijus
A=(b+m*y)*y
O=b+2y* 1 m2
5
3
Q= k*R2/3**A= k* 2*
3
4
Q
I 01 K1
I 02
K2
5
Krivulja protoka za uzvodnu i nizvodnu dionicu
y A(m2) O(m) R(m) v1 (m/s) v2(m/s) Q1(m3/s) Q2(m3/s)
0,1 0,792 8,11241 0,097628 0,203895 2,443774 0,16148516 1,935469
0,2 1,608 8,42482 0,190865 0,318792 3,82086 0,512617661 6,143943
0,3 2,448 8,73723 0,28018 0,411765 4,935176 1,007999745 12,08131
0,4 3,312 9,04964 0,365981 0,492036 5,897259 1,629622168 19,53172
0,5 4,2 9,36205 0,44862 0,563563 6,75455 2,366966397 28,36911
0,6 5,112 9,67446 0,528402 0,628541 7,533329 3,213099436 38,51038
0,7 6,048 9,98687 0,605595 0,688355 8,250225 4,163168155 49,89736
0,8 7,008 10,29928 0,680436 0,743959 8,916663 5,213661432 62,48797
0,9 8,276835 10,70073 0,773483 0,810323 9,712064 6,706905667 80,38514
1,0 9,291675 11,01314 0,84369 0,858643 10,2912 7,978229988 95,62251
1,1 10,33051 11,32555 0,912143 0,90448 10,84058 9,34374678 111,9888
1,2 11,39335 11,63796 0,978982 0,948143 11,3639 10,80252922 129,473
1,3 12,48019 11,95037 1,044336 0,989883 11,86418 12,3539363 148,0672
1,4 13,59103 12,26278 1,108316 1,029911 12,34393 13,99755664 167,7667
1,5 14,72587 12,57519 1,171026 1,068403 12,80527 15,73316577 188,5687
1,6 15,88471 12,8876 1,232558 1,105509 13,25 17,56069307 210,4724
1,7 17,06755 13,20001 1,292996 1,141358 13,67967 19,48019575 233,4785
1,8 18,27439 13,51242 1,352415 1,176063 14,09562 21,49183811 257,5889
1,9 19,50523 13,82483 1,410885 1,20972 14,49902 23,59587477 282,8067
2,0 20,76007 14,13724 1,468468 1,242415 14,89088 25,79263702 309,1358
2,1 22,03891 14,44965 1,525222 1,274224 15,27213 28,08252154 336,5811
2,2 23,34175 14,76206 1,581199 1,305214 15,64355 30,46598111 365,1479
2,3 24,66859 15,07447 1,636449 1,335444 16,00586 32,94351673 394,8422
2,4 26,01943 15,38688 1,691015 1,364967 16,35972 35,51567114 425,6706
2,5 27,39427 15,69929 1,744938 1,393832 16,70568 38,18302315 457,6399
2,6 28,79311 16,0117 1,798255 1,422082 17,04427 40,94618298 490,7576
2,7 30,21595 16,32411 1,851002 1,449757 17,37596 43,80578818 525,0312
2,8 31,66279 16,63652 1,903211 1,476891 17,70117 46,76250013 560,4686
2,9 33,13363 16,94893 1,954911 1,503518 18,0203 49,81700106 597,0782
3,0 34,62847 17,26134 2,006129 1,529666 18,3337 52,96999141 634,8681
3,1 36,14731 17,57375 2,056893 1,555363 18,64169 56,2221876 673,8471
3,2 37,69015 17,88616 2,107225 1,580633 18,94457 59,57432003 714,0238
3,3 39,25699 18,19857 2,157148 1,605501 19,24262 63,02713133 755,4072
3,4 40,84783 18,51098 2,206682 1,629985 19,53608 66,58137489 798,0064
3,5 42,46267 18,82339 2,255847 1,654107 19,82518 70,23781349 841,8304
3,6 44,10151 19,1358 2,304661 1,677884 20,11016 73,99721812 886,8884
3,7 45,76435 19,44821 2,35314 1,701332 20,3912 77,86036692 933,1899
3,8 47,45119 19,76062 2,401301 1,724468 20,66848 81,82804432 980,7443
3,9 49,16203 20,07303 2,449159 1,747304 20,94219 85,90104014 1029,561
4,0 50,89687 20,38544 2,496727 1,769856 21,21249 90,0801489 1079,649
a) Za uzvodnu dionicu
Krivulja protoka Q1
y (m)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Q (m3/s)
0 20 40 60 80 100
b) Za nizvodnu dionicu
Oitano:ynormalno2=0,818898878 (m)
7
Iteracije:
3/5
2
Q bo 2 m y 3
y=
K1 I01 *bo m* y
5/3
[ ]
8
3. IZRAUN KRITINE DUBINE
3.1. Grafo-analitiki pristup pomou krivulje kritinog protoka
Uvjet za odreivanje kritinog protoka jest da je vrijednost Froude-ovog
broja jednaka 1.
Q 2 Bc g A 3c
Fr= g A 3 =1 Qc= B
c c
9
Pomou dobivenih podataka konstruirana je krivulja kritinog protoka.
y A v=Q/A H
0,2 1,608 40,42289 87,64700
0,5 4,200 15,47619 13,31795
1,0 9,000 7,22222 3,79146
1,4 13,272 4,89753 2,68364
2,0 20,400 3,18627 2,54332
2,4 25,632 2,53589 2,74415
3,0 34,200 1,90058 3,19331
3,4 40,392 1,60923 3,53859
4,0 50,400 1,28968 4,08901
4,5 59,400 1,09428 4,56408
10
y (m) Krivulja specifine energije
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
H (m)
0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Iteracija za yc
3 2
Yc=
(+)3
Kritina dubina
Ypretpostavljeno Yizraunato
1 1,849580407
1,849580407 1,765434731
1,765434731 1,773544119
1,773544119 1,772760185
1,772760185 1,772835946
1,772835946 1,772828624
1,772828624 1,772829332
1,772829332 1,772829263
1,772829263 1,77282927
1,77282927 1,772829269
1,772829269 1,772829269
11
4. KRITINI PAD KANALA
3
2
vc= = Ic= K v2 Rc 4 / 3 Rc=
Uvrtavanjem vrijednosti dobije se:
9.81 7,81,3 * y c y c 3
1,05(7,8 2 *1,2 y c )
vc= =3,693270657 m/s
7,8 1,2 * 2 * y c y c
Ic1 = kritini pad kanala (gornja dionica- uzvodno)
2
Ic1= 3,693270657 =0,008153372
7,81,2 yc yc
4/3
34 2
7,8 2*1,2 y
c
76 2
7,8 2*1,2 y
c
5. REIM STRUJANJA
Gornja dionica
Donja dionica
12
6. PRORAUN VODNOG LICA
Hs
U obliku konanih razlika: Io Ie ,
x
gdje je:
13
Izmeu dva presjeka s odabranim dubinama, a time i poznatim svim
geometrijskim i hidraulikim parametrima za zadani protok, razmak
presjeka x treba odrediti preko izraza: x Hs
Io Ie
14
Proraun vodnog lica primjenom krivulje specifine energije za uzvodnu dionicu
dy(m) y(m) A(m2) O(m) R(m) v(m/s) Hs(m) Ie dHs(m) Ie srednje dx(m) x(m) z(m n.m.) h(m) H(m) y+z(m) n
0,0645 1,7728 17,5996 13,3385 1,3195 3,6933 2,5028 0,0082 0,0000 - - 0,0000 0,0000 1,7728 2,5028 1,7728 1
0,0645 1,8373 18,3816 13,5399 1,3576 3,5361 2,5065 0,0072 0,0037 0,0077 -0,5335 -0,5335 0,0004 1,8377 2,5069 1,8377 2
0,0645 1,9018 19,1737 13,7413 1,3953 3,3901 2,5168 0,0064 0,0103 0,0068 -1,7236 -2,2571 0,0018 1,9036 2,5186 1,9036 3
0,0645 1,9662 19,9757 13,9426 1,4327 3,2540 2,5329 0,0057 0,0161 0,0060 -3,0757 -5,3328 0,0043 1,9705 2,5371 1,9705 4
0,0645 2,0307 20,7876 14,1440 1,4697 3,1269 2,5539 0,0051 0,0211 0,0054 -4,6118 -9,9446 0,0080 2,0386 2,5619 2,0386 5
0,0645 2,0951 21,6096 14,3454 1,5064 3,0079 2,5793 0,0045 0,0254 0,0048 -6,3582 -16,3028 0,0130 2,1082 2,5924 2,1082 6
0,0645 2,1596 22,4415 14,5468 1,5427 2,8964 2,6086 0,0041 0,0292 0,0043 -8,3464 -24,6493 0,0197 2,1793 2,6283 2,1793 7
0,0645 2,2241 23,2834 14,7482 1,5787 2,7917 2,6411 0,0037 0,0326 0,0039 -10,6149 -35,2641 0,0282 2,2523 2,6694 2,2523 8
0,0645 2,2885 24,1352 14,9496 1,6144 2,6932 2,6767 0,0033 0,0355 0,0035 -13,2105 -48,4746 0,0388 2,3273 2,7155 2,3273 9
0,0645 2,3530 24,9971 15,1509 1,6499 2,6003 2,7148 0,0030 0,0382 0,0032 -16,1919 -64,6665 0,0517 2,4047 2,7666 2,4047 10
0,0645 2,4174 25,8689 15,3523 1,6850 2,5127 2,7553 0,0027 0,0405 0,0029 -19,6322 -84,2987 0,0674 2,4849 2,8228 2,4849 11
0,0645 2,4819 26,7507 15,5537 1,7199 2,4298 2,7979 0,0025 0,0426 0,0026 -23,6252 -107,9240 0,0863 2,5682 2,8842 2,5682 12
0,0645 2,5464 27,6424 15,7551 1,7545 2,3515 2,8423 0,0023 0,0444 0,0024 -28,2922 -136,2161 0,1090 2,6553 2,9513 2,6553 13
0,0645 2,6108 28,5441 15,9565 1,7889 2,2772 2,8883 0,0021 0,0461 0,0022 -33,7930 -170,0091 0,1360 2,7468 3,0243 2,7468 14
0,0645 2,6753 29,4558 16,1579 1,8230 2,2067 2,9359 0,0019 0,0475 0,0020 -40,3432 -210,3523 0,1683 2,8436 3,1042 2,8436 15
0,0645 2,7397 30,3775 16,3592 1,8569 2,1397 2,9848 0,0017 0,0489 0,0018 -48,2403 -258,5926 0,2069 2,9466 3,1916 2,9466 16
0,0645 2,8042 31,3091 16,5606 1,8906 2,0761 3,0349 0,0016 0,0501 0,0017 -57,9070 -316,4997 0,2532 3,0574 3,2881 3,0574 17
0,0645 2,8687 32,2508 16,7620 1,9240 2,0155 3,0861 0,0015 0,0512 0,0015 -69,9645 -386,4642 0,3092 3,1778 3,3952 3,1778 18
0,0645 2,9331 33,2023 16,9634 1,9573 1,9577 3,1382 0,0014 0,0522 0,0014 -85,3647 -471,8288 0,3775 3,3106 3,5157 3,3106 19
0,0645 2,9976 34,1639 17,1648 1,9903 1,9026 3,1913 0,0013 0,0531 0,0013 -105,6445 -577,4733 0,4620 3,4596 3,6533 3,4596 20
0,0645 3,0621 35,1354 17,3662 2,0232 1,8500 3,2452 0,0012 0,0539 0,0012 -133,4562 -710,9295 0,5687 3,6308 3,8140 3,6308 21
0,0645 3,1265 36,1169 17,5675 2,0559 1,7997 3,2999 0,0011 0,0546 0,0011 -173,8041 -884,7336 0,7078 3,8343 4,0076 3,8343 22
0,0645 3,1910 37,1084 17,7689 2,0884 1,7516 3,3552 0,0010 0,0553 0,0010 -237,3936 -1122,1272 0,8977 4,0887 4,2529 4,0887 23
0,0645 3,2554 38,1099 17,9703 2,1207 1,7056 3,4111 0,0009 0,0559 0,0010 -351,9848 -1474,1120 1,1793 4,4347 4,5904 4,4347 24
0,0645 3,3199 39,1213 18,1717 2,1529 1,6615 3,4676 0,0009 0,0565 0,0009 -618,8285 -2092,9405 1,6744 4,9943 5,1420 4,9943 25
0,0645 3,3844 40,1427 18,3731 2,1849 1,6192 3,5247 0,0008 0,0570 0,0008 -1931,8542 -4024,7947 3,2198 6,6042 6,7445 6,6042 26
Tablica 7. Proraun vodnog lica primjenom krivulje specifine energije za uzvodnu dionicu
15
Proraun vodnog lica primjenom krivulje specifine energije za nizvodnu dionicu
dy(m) y(m) A(m2) O(m) R(m) v(m/s) Hs(m) Ie dHs(m) Ie srednje dx(m) x(m) z(m n.m.) h(m) H(m) y+z(m) n
-0,0477 1,7728 17,5996 13,3385 1,3195 3,6933 2,5028 0,0016 0,0000 - - 0,0000 0,0000 1,7728 2,5028 1,7728 1
-0,0477 1,7251 17,0273 13,1895 1,2910 3,8174 2,5050 0,0018 0,0022 0,0017 0,1030 0,1030 -0,0024 1,7228 2,5026 1,7228 2
-0,0477 1,6774 16,4606 13,0405 1,2623 3,9488 2,5119 0,0020 0,0069 0,0019 0,3284 0,4315 -0,0099 1,6675 2,5020 1,6675 3
-0,0477 1,6297 15,8992 12,8915 1,2333 4,0882 2,5242 0,0022 0,0123 0,0021 0,5865 1,0180 -0,0234 1,6063 2,5008 1,6063 4
-0,0477 1,5820 15,3434 12,7425 1,2041 4,2364 2,5425 0,0024 0,0183 0,0023 0,8837 1,9017 -0,0437 1,5383 2,4988 1,5383 5
-0,0477 1,5343 14,7930 12,5935 1,1747 4,3940 2,5676 0,0027 0,0251 0,0026 1,2283 3,1300 -0,0720 1,4624 2,4956 1,4624 6
-0,0477 1,4867 14,2480 12,4444 1,1449 4,5620 2,6005 0,0030 0,0329 0,0029 1,6306 4,7606 -0,1095 1,3772 2,4910 1,3772 7
-0,0477 1,4390 13,7085 12,2954 1,1149 4,7416 2,6421 0,0034 0,0417 0,0032 2,1044 6,8650 -0,1579 1,2811 2,4843 1,2811 8
-0,0477 1,3913 13,1745 12,1464 1,0846 4,9338 2,6940 0,0038 0,0518 0,0036 2,6677 9,5326 -0,2193 1,1720 2,4747 1,1720 9
-0,0477 1,3436 12,6460 11,9974 1,0541 5,1400 2,7574 0,0043 0,0635 0,0040 3,3449 12,8776 -0,2962 1,0474 2,4613 1,0474 10
-0,0477 1,2959 12,1229 11,8484 1,0232 5,3618 2,8344 0,0048 0,0770 0,0045 4,1700 17,0476 -0,3921 0,9038 2,4423 0,9038 11
-0,0477 1,2482 11,6052 11,6994 0,9919 5,6009 2,9270 0,0055 0,0926 0,0052 5,1911 22,2387 -0,5115 0,7367 2,4155 0,7367 12
-0,0477 1,2005 11,0930 11,5504 0,9604 5,8595 3,0379 0,0063 0,1109 0,0059 6,4791 28,7178 -0,6605 0,5400 2,3774 0,5400 13
-0,0477 1,1528 10,5863 11,4014 0,9285 6,1400 3,1703 0,0072 0,1324 0,0067 8,1433 36,8612 -0,8478 0,3050 2,3225 0,3050 14
-0,0477 1,1051 10,0850 11,2524 0,8963 6,4452 3,3282 0,0083 0,1578 0,0078 10,3603 47,2215 -1,0861 0,0190 2,2421 0,0190 15
-0,0477 1,0574 9,5892 11,1034 0,8636 6,7784 3,5163 0,0097 0,1881 0,0090 13,4357 60,6572 -1,3951 -0,3377 2,1212 -0,3377 16
-0,0477 1,0097 9,0989 10,9544 0,8306 7,1437 3,7408 0,0113 0,2245 0,0105 17,9491 78,6063 -1,8079 -0,7983 1,9329 -0,7983 17
-0,0477 0,9620 8,6140 10,8053 0,7972 7,5458 4,0092 0,0133 0,2684 0,0123 25,1477 103,7539 -2,3863 -1,4244 1,6229 -1,4244 18
-0,0477 0,9143 8,1346 10,6563 0,7634 7,9906 4,3313 0,0158 0,3221 0,0146 38,2991 142,0531 -3,2672 -2,3529 1,0641 -2,3529 19
-0,0477 0,8666 7,6606 10,5073 0,7291 8,4849 4,7195 0,0190 0,3882 0,0174 69,5708 211,6239 -4,8673 -4,0008 -0,1479 -4,0008 20
-0,0477 0,8189 7,1921 10,3583 0,6943 9,0377 5,1901 0,0230 0,4706 0,0210 235,0203 446,6442 -10,2728 -9,4539 -5,0827 -9,4539 21
Tablica 8. Proraun vodnog lica primjenom krivulje specifine energije za nizvodnu dionicu
16
17