The Ring Programming Language Version 1.5.1 Book - Part 46 of 180

CHAPTER
FIFTYONE
USING RINGLIBSDL
In this chapter we will learn about using RingLibSDL to create games based on the LibSDL, SDLImage, SDLTTF and
SDLMixer libraries.
Tip: RingLibSDL is not distributed with the binary releases for desktop which uses RingAllegro
Note: To use RingLibSDL, Check ring/android/ringlibsdl folder.
51.1 Create Window
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING)
win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_DestroyWindow(win)
SDL_Quit()
51.2 Display Image
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
ren = SDL_CreateRenderer(win, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC )
bmp = SDL_LoadBMP("hello.bmp")
tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(ren,bmp)
SDL_FreeSurface(bmp)
SDL_RenderClear(ren)
SDL_RenderCopy2(ren,tex)
SDL_RenderPresent(ren)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_DestroyTexture(tex)
SDL_DestroyRenderer(ren)
SDL_Quit()
425
Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.1
51.3 Switch between two images
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
bmp = SDL_LoadBMP("hello.bmp")
bmp = SDL_LoadBMP("hello2.bmp")
tex2 = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(ren,bmp)
for x = 1 to 10 showtex(tex) showtex(tex2) next
SDL_DestroyTexture(tex2)
SDL_Quit()
func showtex oTex

SDL_RenderCopy2(ren,oTex)
SDL_Delay(200)
51.4 Draw Rectangle
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
rect = sdl_new_sdl_rect()
sdl_set_sdl_rect_x(rect,10)
sdl_set_sdl_rect_y(rect,10)
sdl_set_sdl_rect_w(rect,100)
sdl_set_sdl_rect_h(rect,100)
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(ren,255,255,255,255)
SDL_RenderDrawRect(ren,rect)
sdl_destroy_sdl_rect(rect)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_Quit()
51.3. Switch between two images 426

51.5 Display PNG Images
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
bmp = IMG_Load("hello3.png")
SDL_RenderCopy2(ren,tex)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_Quit()
51.6 Use TTF Fonts
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
TTF_Init()
font = TTF_OpenFont("pirulen.ttf", 16)
color = sdl_new_sdl_color()
sdl_set_sdl_color_r(color,0)
sdl_set_sdl_color_g(color,255)
sdl_set_sdl_color_b(color,0)
text = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font,"Welcome to the Ring language",color)
surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(win)
SDL_BlitSurface(text, nullpointer(), surface, nullpointer())
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(win)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_Destroy_SDL_Color(color)
SDL_FreeSurface(text)
TTF_CloseFont(font)
SDL_Quit()
51.7 Display Transparent Images
Example:
51.5. Display PNG Images 427

Load "libsdl.ring"
flags = IMG_INIT_JPG | IMG_INIT_PNG

IMG_Init(flags)

bmp = IMG_Load("stars.jpg")
SDL_RenderCopy(ren,tex,nullpointer(),nullpointer())
bmp = IMG_Load("player.png")
# Image - Set Transparent color (white)
myformat = sdl_get_sdl_surface_format(bmp)
white = SDL_MapRGB(myformat, 255, 255, 255)
SDL_SetColorKey(bmp, SDL_True, white)
rect = sdl_new_sdl_rect()
SDL_RenderCopy(ren,tex,nullpointer(),rect)
SDL_SetTextureBlendMode(tex,2)
SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex,255)
SDL_RenderCopy(ren,tex,nullpointer(),rect)
SDL_Destroy_SDL_Rect(rect)
SDL_Delay(2000)
SDL_Quit()
51.8 Close Window Event
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
51.8. Close Window Event 428

myevent = sdl_new_sdl_event()
while true
thevent = sdl_pollevent(myevent)
switch sdl_get_sdl_event_type(myevent)
on sdl_get_sdl_quit()
exit
on sdl_get_sdl_keydown()
Key = SDL_GET_SDL_Event_key_keysym_sym(myevent)
if key = 27 exit ok
off
end
SDL_Quit()
51.9 Mouse Events
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
win = SDL_CreateWindow("Mouse Events ", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
TTF_Init()
font = TTF_OpenFont("pirulen.ttf", 16)
color = sdl_new_sdl_color()
sdl_set_sdl_color_r(color,0)
sdl_set_sdl_color_g(color,255)
sdl_set_sdl_color_b(color,0)
surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(win)
while true
cMsg = ""
sdl_pollevent(myevent)
on SDL_QUIT
exit
on SDL_KEYDOWN
if key = 27 exit ok
on SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN
if sdl_get_Sdl_Event_button_button(myevent) = SDL_BUTTON_LEFT
SDL_SETWINDOWTITLE(win, " Button_Left_Down " )
but sdl_get_Sdl_Event_button_button(myevent) = SDL_BUTTON_MIDDLE
SDL_SETWINDOWTITLE(win, " Button_Middle_Down " )
but sdl_get_Sdl_Event_button_button(myevent) = SDL_BUTTON_RIGHT
SDL_SETWINDOWTITLE(win, " Button_Right_Down " )
ok
on SDL_MOUSEMOTION
51.9. Mouse Events 429

sdl_fillrect(surface,nullpointer(),0)
if sdl_get_sdl_event_motion_xrel(myevent) < 0
cMsg += " Left "
else
cMsg += " Right "
ok
if sdl_get_sdl_event_motion_yrel(myevent) < 0
cMsg += " Up "
else
cMsg += " Down "
ok
cMsg += " x = " + sdl_get_sdl_event_motion_x(myevent)
cMsg += " y = " + sdl_get_sdl_event_motion_y(myevent)
showmsg(cMsg)
off
end
SDL_Destroy_SDL_Color(Color)
TTF_CloseFont(font)
SDL_Quit()
func showmsg mymsg

text = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font,mymsg,color)
SDL_BlitSurface(text, nullpointer(), surface, nullpointer())
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(win)
SDL_FreeSurface(text)
51.10 Play Sound
Example:
Load "libsdl.ring"
Mix_OpenAudio( 44100, MIX_DEFAULT_FORMAT , 2, 10000)
Mix_AllocateChannels(4)
sound = Mix_LoadWav( "sound.wav" )
Mix_VolumeChunk(sound,1)
Mix_PlayChannel(1,sound,0)
while true
thevent = sdl_pollevent(myevent)
on sdl_get_sdl_quit()
exit
on sdl_get_sdl_keydown()
if key = 27 exit ok
off
end
Mix_FreeChunk( sound )
Mix_CloseAudio()
51.10. Play Sound 430

Mix_Quit()
SDL_Quit()
51.10. Play Sound 431

CHAPTER
FIFTYTWO
DEMO PROJECT - GAME ENGINE FOR 2D GAMES
In this chapter we will learn about using the different programming paradigms in the same project.
We will create a simple Game Engine for 2D Games.
You can use the Engine directly to create 2D Games for Desktop or Mobile.
52.1 Project Layers
The project contains the next layers

Games Layer (Here we will use declarative programming)
Game Engine Classes (Here we will use the Object-Oriented Programming paradigm)
Interface to graphics library (Here we will use procedural programming)
Graphics Library bindings (Here we have RingAllegro and RingLibSDL)
52.2 Graphics Library bindings
We already have RingAllegro to use the Allegro game programming library and we have RingLibSDL to use the
LibSDL game programming library.
Both of RingAllegro and RingLibSDL are created using the C language with the help of the Ring code generator for
extensions.
Each of them is over 10,000 lines of C code which is generated after writing simple configuration files (That are
processed by the code generator).
Each configuration file determines the functions names, structures information and constants then the generator process
this configuration file to produce the C code and the library that can be loaded from Ring code.
Using RingAllegro and RingLibSDL is very similar to using Allegro and LibSDL from C code where you have the
same functions but we can build on that using the Ring language features
RingAllegro Source Code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/tree/master/extensions/ringallegro
RingLibSDL Source Code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/tree/master/extensions/ringsdl
432
52.3 Interface to graphics library
In this layer we have gl_allegro.ring and gl_libsdl.ring

Each library provides the same functions to be used with interacting with the Graphics Library.
This layer hides the details and the difference between RingAllegro and RingLibSDL.
You have the same functions, Just use it and you can switch between Allegro and LibSDL at anytime.
Why ?
Allegro is very simple, we can use it to quickly create 2D games for Windows, Linux and MacOS X.
In Ring 1.0 we started by supporting Allegro.
Also LibSDL is very powerful and popular, very easy to use for Mobile Development.
Ring 1.1 comes with support for LibSDL so we can quickly create games for Mobile.
Note: We can use just one library for Desktop and Mobile development.
gl_allegro.ring source code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/blob/master/ringlibs/gameengine/gl_allegro.ring

gl_libsdl.ring source code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/blob/master/ringlibs/gameengine/gl_libsdl.ring
52.4 Game Engine Classes
The Engine comes with the next classes

GameBase class
Resources class
Game class
GameObject class
Sprite class
Text class
Animate class
Sound class
Map class
Source Code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/blob/master/ringlibs/gameengine/gameengine.ring
52.5 Games Layer
In this layer we create our games using the Game Engine classes
The classes are designed to be used through Declarative Programming.
In our games we will use the next classes
Game class
Sprite class
52.3. Interface to graphics library 433

Text class
Animate class
Sound class
Map class
Note: Other classes in the engine are for internal use by the engine.
We will introduce some examples and three simple games :-

Stars Fighter Game
Flappy Bird 3000 Game
Super Man 2016 Game
52.6 Game Class
The next table present the class attributes.

Attributes Description
FPS Number determines how many times the draw() method will be called per second.
FixedFPS Number determines how many times the animate() method will be called per second.
Title String determines the window title of the game.
aObjects List contains all objects in the game
shutdown True/False value to end the game loop
The next table present the class methods.
Method Description
refresh() Delete objects.
settitle(cTitle) Set the window title using a string parameter.
shutdown() Close the application.
The next table present a group of keywords defined by the class.
Keyword Description
sprite Create new Sprite object and add it to the game objects.
text Create new Text object and add it to the game objects.
animate Create new Animate object and add it to the game objects.
sound Create new Sound object and add it to the game objects.
map Create new Map object and add it ot the game objects.
52.7 GameObject Class
The next table present the class attributes.
52.6. Game Class 434

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CHAPTER

Note: To use RingLibSDL, Check ring/android/ringlibsdl folder.

51.1 Create Window

51.2 Display Image

51.3 Switch between two images

for x = 1 to 10 showtex(tex) showtex(tex2) next

func showtex oTex

51.4 Draw Rectangle

51.3. Switch between two images 426

51.5 Display PNG Images

51.6 Use TTF Fonts

51.7 Display Transparent Images

51.5. Display PNG Images 427

flags = IMG_INIT_JPG | IMG_INIT_PNG

win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 800, 600, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)

51.8 Close Window Event

51.8. Close Window Event 428

win = SDL_CreateWindow("Hello World!", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)

51.9 Mouse Events

win = SDL_CreateWindow("Mouse Events ", 100, 100, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)

51.9. Mouse Events 429

func showmsg mymsg

51.10 Play Sound

51.10. Play Sound 430

51.10. Play Sound 431

DEMO PROJECT - GAME ENGINE FOR 2D GAMES

52.1 Project Layers

The project contains the next layers

52.2 Graphics Library bindings

52.3 Interface to graphics library

In this layer we have gl_allegro.ring and gl_libsdl.ring

gl_allegro.ring source code : https://github.com/ring-lang/ring/blob/master/ringlibs/gameengine/gl_allegro.ring

52.4 Game Engine Classes

The Engine comes with the next classes

52.5 Games Layer

52.3. Interface to graphics library 433

We will introduce some examples and three simple games :-

52.6 Game Class

The next table present the class attributes.

52.7 GameObject Class

The next table present the class attributes.

52.6. Game Class 434

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