Annotated Bibliography

The Evolution of Smartphones

Kendall Jackson

Professor Malcolm Campbell

UWRT 1104

October 18th, 2017

 Annotated Bibliography

Haselton, Todd. Batteries that can charge smartphones in five minutes could launch next year.

Todd Haselton, CNBC, 12 May 2017. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/12/new-

smartphones-may-charge-in-just-5-minutes.html. Accessed 12 October 2017.

This article decribes a major technological leap for the smartphone market. While

smartphone CPUs continue to get faster and more efficient every day, one hardware

feature still limits your smartphones full potentialthe battery. Battery technology has

not advanced at all in the past several years. To hear that smartphones will get one of

these new and upgraded batteries means we may finally have smartphones that will last

for days at a time on only one charge. Not only do you have to charge these new

batteries once to get several days out of them, but it only takes about five minutes to

charge these batteries to maximum capacity. This means well finally have a battery

thats up to par with all of the other hardware that current smartphones have. Better yet,

this new technology is coming sooner than one would think. Research suggests that these

new batteries could debut on the next generation of smartphones. Not only will these

new devices be more power efficient, but they will also be a lot thinner. Batteries take up

a very large portion of smartphones. This means companies will have more space to

utilize with their next generation of smartphones. This space could be used for many

things including an upgraded camera, a larger CPU or GPU, RAM, etc. The possibilities

are boundless.
 CNBC is a reliable, news site that encompasses a wide variety of news topics

including the smartphone industry. They are probably the most well-known source of

information in this list.

I value the information in this article because it encompasses a new and exciting

feature for smartphones. A battery that can finally last for days at a time before needing

to recharge. This is an amazing feat of science and technology, and it should most

definitely be included in the Extended Inquiry Project.

Murali, Raghu. Graphene nanoelectronics : from materials to circuits.

Raghu Murali, New York : Springer, 2012.

http://uncc.worldcat.org/title/graphenenanoelectronics-from-materials-to-

circuits/oclc/780441663&referer=brief_results. Accessed 12 October 2017.

This eBook goes into detail about the possible utilizations of graphene in mobile devices.

First of all, if you havent heard of graphene before, Its an extremely durable material

that is so rigid, that it would take an elephant standing on a pencil to break a sheet that is

the thickness of plastic wrap. Not only is graphene ultra-strong, but it is also a conductor,

meaning electricity can travel through it. This makes graphene a very likely candidate to

replace conductive parts on computer and smartphone circuit boards. Circuit boards have

already advanced so much, that this major advancement will greatly impact the size and

speed of our mobile devices. Since graphene is so durable at such thin and small
 amounts, it will take less of it to be every bit as durable if not more durable than the metal

we use currently in circuit boards. This means faster, lighter, and more efficient devices.

On top of that, circuit boards are already advancing at an unimaginable rate, that

companies are able to double the number of transistors on a circuit board in only about

eighteen months. If were able to double the number of transistors on a circuit board

every year, then that means CPU, and GPU speeds are increasing at an exponential rate,

and will continue to do so for a very long timeuntil we reach the possible limits.

The UNCC WorldCat website for the campus library contains a myriad of reliable

works by scholarly figures in the research society. The eBook, written by Raghu Murali,

is written based on very reliable sources. Books like this one are far more reliable than

any website and the information is much more in-depth.

I value this eBook because it is a vast pool of information regarding the possible

use of graphene in circuit boards. Scientists have been speaking of graphene and its

unique characteristics for over ten years, and to hear that it may soon be used for

something in the real world, greatly piques my interest. Theres over 200 pages in this

book which will provide an ample amount of useful information for what the future has

for mobile devices.

Seifert, Dan. Qualcomm performs first 5G test on a mobile device, debuts 5G reference

smartphone design. https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/16/16479398/qualcomm-first-

5g-mobile-test-reference-design-snapdragon-636. Accessed 17 October 2017.

Qualcomm, a company known for producing processors for smartphones, has recently
 developed a 5G modem design for smartphones. Qualcomm has tested the device and the

results were spectacular. In fact, the new modem is capable of achieving 5 gigabit

speeds, and greatly outperforms 4G LTE. However, no device is currently able to

support such specs and the modem is still a little bit too big to put into a phone. The

company plans to scale the device down by 50% in the next year to hopefully make it

compatible with mid 2019s generation of smartphones.

The Verge, a popular, technology news source, is an excellent source for current

smartphone news. Whether it be wireless charging, new processors, new devices, or in

this case, a 5G smartphone modemThey are a reliable source for technical information

on smart devices.

I value this site because of the reliable information it possesses. The site contains

numerous tabs that you can click on for really any kind of research in the science/tech

world. I chose this site mainly because the topic is a new concept that we have to look

forward to becoming a reality in the next year.

Triggs, Robert. How far weve come: a look at smartphone performance over the past 7 years.

Robert Triggs, Android Authority, 31 July 2015.

https://www.androidauthority.com/smartphone-performance-improvements-timeline-

626109/. Accessed 12 October 2017. This article includes benchmark charts for all the

major flagship devices over the past 7 years. Since there are a lot of devices running

android, there are a lot of different benchmark results in regards to multiple core and
 single core speed tests. However, the device that comes out on top is Samsung. On the

other hand, Apples iPhone benchmark tests were also excellent. The single core results

were even better than Samsungs single core results. This is a recurring trend even today.

Apples devices are a lot snappier and more responsive than any android device available

to buy. Android devices however are much more versatile and customizable.

Android Authority is a very reliable source for all things mobile. This page in

particular has a lot of intriguing information on the history of smartphones in regards to

processing speed, as well as bang for your buck. While there is not a whole lot of

information in the article itself, it does still provide all the benchmark information that

will be needed to give an in-depth review of how the phones have changed internally

since 2009. This includes RAM, core count, and of course processing speed.

This information is valuable to me because I believe that specs are an important

piece of information to have when youre talking about any kind of electronic device.

Its impossible to compare devices otherwise.

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/when-was-the-first-battery-

invented.htm Christopher Neiger

https://www.verizonwireless.com/articles/4g-lte-speeds-vs-your-home-network/