Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.

54.10 The Camera

Example:
load "freeglut.ring"
load "opengl21lib.ring"

// angle of rotation for the camera direction

angle=0.0
// actual vector representing the camera's direction
lx=0.0
lz=-1.0
// XZ position of the camera
x=0.0
z=5.0

func drawSnowMan

glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

// Draw Body
glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20)

// Draw Head
glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20)

// Draw Eyes
glPushMatrix()
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0)
glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18)

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glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)

glPopMatrix()

// Draw Nose
glColor3f(1.0, 0.5 , 0.5)
glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2)

func changeSize
w = glutEventWidth()
h = glutEventHeight()

// Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short

// (you cant make a window of zero width).
if h = 0
h = 1
ok

ratio = w * 1.0 / h

// Use the Projection Matrix

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)

// Reset Matrix
glLoadIdentity()

// Set the viewport to be the entire window

glViewport(0, 0, w, h)

// Set the correct perspective.

gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0);

// Get Back to the Modelview

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

func processNormalKeys
key = glutEventKey()

if key = 27
shutdown()
ok

func renderScene

// Clear Color and Depth Buffers

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

// Reset transformations
glLoadIdentity()
// Set the camera

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gluLookAt( x, 1.0, z,
x+lx, 1.0, z+lz,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0)

// Draw ground

glColor3f(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)

glBegin(GL_QUADS)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glEnd()

// Draw 36 SnowMen
for i = -3 to 2
for j=-3 to 2
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(i*10.0,0,j * 10.0)
drawSnowMan()
glPopMatrix()
next
next
glutSwapBuffers()

func processSpecialKeys

key = glutEventKey()

fraction = 0.1

switch key
on GLUT_KEY_LEFT
angle -= 0.01
lx = sin(angle)
lz = -cos(angle)
on GLUT_KEY_RIGHT
angle += 0.01
lx = sin(angle)
lz = -cos(angle)
on GLUT_KEY_UP
x += lx * fraction
z += lz * fraction
on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
x -= lx * fraction
z -= lz * fraction
off

func main

// init GLUT and create window

glutInit()
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)

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glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 7")

// register callbacks
glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)
glutKeyboardFunc(:processNormalKeys)
glutSpecialFunc(:processSpecialKeys)

// OpenGL init
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

// enter GLUT event processing cycle

glutMainLoop()

Screen Shot

Another Example:
load "freeglut.ring"
load "opengl21lib.ring"

// angle of rotation for the camera direction

angle = 0.0

// actual vector representing the camera's direction

lx=0.0 lz=-1.0

// XZ position of the camera

x=0.0 z=5.0
// the key states. These variables will be zero
//when no key is being presses
deltaAngle = 0.0

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deltaMove = 0

func changeSize
w = glutEventWidth()
h = glutEventHeight()

// Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short

// (you cant make a window of zero width).
if h = 0
h = 1
ok

ratio = w * 1.0 / h

// Use the Projection Matrix

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)

// Reset Matrix
glLoadIdentity()

// Set the viewport to be the entire window

glViewport(0, 0, w, h)

// Set the correct perspective.

gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0)

// Get Back to the Modelview

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

func drawSnowMan

glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

// Draw Body

glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0)

glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20)

// Draw Head
glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20)

// Draw Eyes
glPushMatrix()
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0)
glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18)
glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
glPopMatrix()

// Draw Nose
glColor3f(1.0, 0.5 , 0.5)
glRotatef(0.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2)

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func computePos deltaMove

x += deltaMove * lx * 0.1
z += deltaMove * lz * 0.1

func computeDir deltaAngle

angle += deltaAngle
lx = sin(angle)
lz = -cos(angle)

func renderScene

if deltaMove
computePos(deltaMove)
ok

if deltaAngle
computeDir(deltaAngle)
ok

// Clear Color and Depth Buffers

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

// Reset transformations
glLoadIdentity()
// Set the camera
gluLookAt( x, 1.0, z,
x+lx, 1.0, z+lz,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0)

// Draw ground

glColor3f(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)

glBegin(GL_QUADS)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glEnd()

// Draw 36 SnowMen

for i = -3 to 2
for j=-3 to 2
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(i*10.0,0,j * 10.0)
drawSnowMan()
glPopMatrix()
next
next
glutSwapBuffers()

func pressKey
key = glutEventKey()
xx = glutEventX()

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yy = glutEventY()

switch key
on GLUT_KEY_LEFT
deltaAngle = -0.01
on GLUT_KEY_RIGHT
deltaAngle = 0.01
on GLUT_KEY_UP
deltaMove = 0.5
on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
deltaMove = -0.5
off

func releaseKey

key = glutEventKey()

switch key
on GLUT_KEY_LEFT
deltaAngle = 0.0
on GLUT_KEY_RIGHT
deltaAngle = 0.0
on GLUT_KEY_UP
deltaMove = 0
on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
deltaMove = 0
off

func main

// init GLUT and create window

glutInit()
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA)
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)
glutInitWindowSize(320,320)
glutCreateWindow("RingFreeGLUT - Test 8")

// register callbacks
glutDisplayFunc(:renderScene)
glutReshapeFunc(:changeSize)
glutIdleFunc(:renderScene)

glutSpecialFunc(:pressKey)

// here are the new entries

glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(1)
glutSpecialUpFunc(:releaseKey)

// OpenGL init
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

// enter GLUT event processing cycle

glutMainLoop()

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54.11 Mouse Events

Example:
load "freeglut.ring"
load "opengl21lib.ring"

// angle of rotation for the camera direction

angle = 0.0

// actual vector representing the camera's direction

lx=0.0 lz=-1.0

// XZ position of the camera

x=0.0 z=5.0

// the key states. These variables will be zero

//when no key is being presses
deltaAngle = 0.0
deltaMove = 0.0
xOrigin = -1

func changeSize
w = glutEventWidth()
h = glutEventHeight()

// Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short

// (you cant make a window of zero width).
if h = 0
h = 1
ok

ratio = w * 1.0 / h

// Use the Projection Matrix

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)

// Reset Matrix
glLoadIdentity()

// Set the viewport to be the entire window

glViewport(0, 0, w, h)

// Set the correct perspective.

gluPerspective(45.0, ratio, 0.1, 100.0)

// Get Back to the Modelview

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

func drawSnowMan

glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)

// Draw Body
glTranslatef(0.0 ,0.75, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.75,20,20)

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// Draw Head
glTranslatef(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.25,20,20)

// Draw Eyes
glPushMatrix()
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0)
glTranslatef(0.05, 0.10, 0.18)
glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
glTranslatef(-0.1, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidSphere(0.05,10,10)
glPopMatrix()

// Draw Nose
glColor3f(1.0, 0.5 , 0.5)
glRotatef(0.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidCone(0.08,0.5,10,2)

func computePos deltaMove

x += deltaMove * lx * 0.1
z += deltaMove * lz * 0.1

func renderScene

if deltaMove
computePos(deltaMove)
ok

// Clear Color and Depth Buffers

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

// Reset transformations
glLoadIdentity()
// Set the camera
gluLookAt( x, 1.0, z,
x+lx, 1.0, z+lz,
0.0, 1.0, 0.0)

// Draw ground

glColor3f(0.9, 0.9, 0.9)

glBegin(GL_QUADS)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glVertex3f(-100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, 100.0)
glVertex3f( 100.0, 0.0, -100.0)
glEnd()

// Draw 36 SnowMen

for i = -3 to 2
for j=-3 to 2
glPushMatrix()
glTranslatef(i*10.0,0,j * 10.0)
drawSnowMan()
glPopMatrix()

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next
next
glutSwapBuffers()

func processNormalKeys

key = glutEventKey()

if key = 27
shutdown()
ok

func pressKey
key = glutEventKey()

switch key
on GLUT_KEY_UP
deltaMove = 0.5
on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
deltaMove = -0.5
off

func releaseKey
key = glutEventKey()
switch key
on GLUT_KEY_UP
deltaMove = 0
on GLUT_KEY_DOWN
deltaMove = 0
off

func mouseMove
xx = glutEventX()
yy = glutEventY()
// this will only be true when the left button is down
if xOrigin >= 0

// update deltaAngle
deltaAngle = (xx - xOrigin) * 0.001

// update camera's direction

lx = sin(angle + deltaAngle)
lz = -cos(angle + deltaAngle)
ok

func mouseButton

button = glutEventButton()
state = glutEventState()
xx = glutEventX()
yy = glutEventY()

// only start motion if the left button is pressed

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