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  • BFC 43103

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    Husnina Fakhira
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    Bfc 43103

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    57 просмотров14 страниц

    BFC 43103

    Загружено:

    Husnina Fakhira
    Bfc 43103

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    из 14
    CONFIDENTIAL UTHM Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER I SESSION 2016/2017 COURSE NAME : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC43103 PROGRAMME CODE | BEF EXAMINATION DATE : DECEMBER 2016 / JANUARY 2017 DURATION : 3 HOURS INSTRUCTION : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN SECTION A, AND ANY THREE (3) QUESTIONS IN SECTION B. THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF FOURTEEN (14) PAGES CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIA(! SECTION A a (@ (b) © BFC 43103 Soil improvement and ground modification techniques can be divided into ‘mechanical modification which involves impact rollers and deep compaction and hydraulic modification that uses preloading or electrical forces. Explain the principal difference in its function for ground improvement between these two techniques, (4 marks) Sketch and explain in detail on how sand drains work to accelerate the consolidation settlement of soft, normally consolidated clay layers. (6 marks) Site investigation report shows that a clay layer at the site is normally consolidated and has a thickness, H. of 8 m with drainage being permitted from both boundaries The relevant soil properties for this clay are C: = 0.27, € = 1.02, cy = 0.52 ‘m?/month. A major highway embankment is planned to be constructed on this clay at this site. The current average effective overburden pressure on the clay is 110 KN/nv It is estimated that the increase in vertical effective stress, [Ao’y)] due to the embankment construction will be about 75 kN/m? on the clay layer. A surcharge [Ao’yj] of 100 kN/m? is further placed 10 give a rapid rate of consolidation settlement. Table 1 shows the variation of degree of consolidation with Time factor. (Calculate the primary consolidation settlement of the clay layer caused by the addition of the embankment, A a’ j) and the surcharge Ac’ y) (4 marks) (ii) Determine the time required for 80% of the primary consolidation settlement under the addition of both the embankment and surcharge. (5 marks) (iii) Determine the “additional” temporary surcharge, A op, that will be required to eliminate the entire primary consolidation settlement calculated in Q(c)(i) above within 6 months using the preloading technique. (6 marks) CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIA SECTION B a2 @ (b) © eo @ () BFC 43103, Subsurface exploration work requires samples to be brought back to the laboratory so that further testing analysis can be done on the soil. The testings that need to be done are direct shear box test, one dimensional consolidation test, natural moisture content and permeability test. Comment if the samples to be obtained need to be disturbed or undisturbed. List the names of two suitable equipment that needs to be used for this purpose. How would you assess the degree of disturbance? (5 marks) Besides obtaining samples for laboratory soil testing, In-situ test and/or field testing can be done to obtain direct measurements of the soil properties and the geotechnical parameters. Explain in detail with sketches the function, advantages and disadvantages of the cone penetration test (CPT). (8 marks) “Geophysical exploration techniques are essentially non destructive tests. It permits rapid evaluation of subsoil charateristics”. Discuss with sketches the THREE (3) types of geophysical exploration techniques that are available in order to investigate the subsoil conditions, (12 marks) Certain loading conditions i TRS Superstructure design can cause the loading to be eccentric in either one or two directions. In such instances, the eccentricity needs to be accommodated within the calculations for the ultimate bearing capacity. There are effectively TWO (2) methods of doing this, namely that of Meyerhoff (1953) and Prakash and Saran (1971) which are adopted in the design of eccentrically loaded foundations (i) Explain in detail, the differences between these TWO (2) methods. (6 marks) i) Calculate and show that the square footing (Figure Q3(a)) of size 2m x 2m is sufficient to support safely (with a factor of safety of 3 on the net ultimate bearing capacity) an eccentric 150 KN column load which has a one — way ‘eccentricity of 0.2m. Use Meyerhof’'s theory and the necessary information to assist you in your calculations as given in Figure Q3(a) and Table 2. (10 marks) Shallow foundations will settle at any point later in time. Engineers need to consider settlement that influence the calculation of the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation. (Explain in detail what is elastic settlement? (2 marks) CONFIDENTIAL BEC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL a @) (b) © @ (ii) Figure Q3(b) shows a shallow foundation found on a 3m thick saturated normally consolidated clay (jar = 17 KN/m’, eo = 0.8, E, = 6000 KNim?, C: 0:32, 4s = 0.5, C= 0.09, Dr= 2. The load from the structure is 200KN. Use Table 3 to calculate the stress increase in the clay and find the consolidation settlement, (7 marks) TERBUKA “A pile is a slender structura ber that is installed in the ground to transfer the structural loads to the foundation soil.” Outline how piles are classified according to the type of material, cross sectional geometry, method of installation and load transfer mechanism. (S marks) Briefly describe and justify the applicability of the Engineering News Record pile driving formula to ascertain that a satisfactory bearing value has been achieved at a predetermined depth. (G marks) An 18m long, 300mm x 300mm square sectioned reinforced concrete pile is driven through 6m of loose granular fill having a unit weight of 15 KN/m* to penetrate partly into a 15m deep underlying stiff saturated clay having a unit weight of 18 kN/m®. The groundwater table is at a depth of 3m below ground surface. While the frictional capacity of the loose granular fill is negligible, the undrained shear strength of the clay increases linearly with depth from 80kN/m? at the top of the clay to 150 KN/m? at the base of the clay. Use Vijayvergiya and Focht method to evaluate the average unit skin resistance. ‘The variation of 2 with pile embedment length is as given in the Table 4. () Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile (10 marks) (ii) Determine the allowable bearing capacity, for an overall factor of safety of 2.5; factor of safety for skin and tip resistance being 1.5 and 3 respectively G marks) If on the other hand, the 6m fill is “very soft and consolidating dredged clay”, explain the resulting consequences to the answers above, (4 marks) CONFIDENTIAL BFC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL Qs (a) (b) © Conventional retaining walls can be generally classified into four types. Describe with the aid of sketches three of them and outline the ways in which such retaining walls may fail (5 marks) With the aid of appropriate sketches, explain in detail, two different types of mechanically stabilized retaini TERBUKA 4 marks) A reinforced soil retaining wall, 4m high is constructed using 3.5m long galvanized strip reinforcements having a cross-section of 3 mm x 80 mm, The ultimate tensile stress of the strips is 190 N / mm?. During the anticipated working life of the structure, an overall loss in thickness of 0.75 mm can oceurr due to corrosion and this needs to be allowed for in the design. The strips are spaced at a distance 1 m vertically and 0.3 m horizontally. The uppermost reinforcement is 0.5 m below the top of the retaining wall and the surface of the backfill is horizontal. The backfill sand has a unit weight of 18 kN/m? and a friction angle of 30°. The angle of friction at the interface bewteen the backfill and the reinforcement is 20°. ‘The foundation soil has a unit weight of 20 kN/m’. Friction angle of 28°, and cohesion of 10 KN/m?, Factor of safety of 3 is required on bearing. () Calculate the ultimate tensile strength of a single reinforcement strip after corrosion (2 marks) (ii) Calculate the factor of safety against tensile failure. (4 marks) (ii) Determine the factor of safety against pull out. (5 marks) (iv) Comment on the adequacy of the design with respect to internal and external stability. (5 marks) (ND OF QUESTIONS- 5 CONFIDENTIAL BFC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER / SESSION: SEM 1/ 2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE : BFF COURSE, FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE, BRC 43103 Table 1: Variations of U with Ty rT) T, ui T ui ir iT) te 0 0 26 (0.0531 32 0212 78 0529 0.00008, 7 0.0572 33 0221 ” ost 0.0003 28 0.0615 34 0230 80 0367 0.00071 2» 0.0660 55 0239 8i 588 0.00126 30 0.0707 56 0248 82 610 0.00196 31 0.0754 37 0257 33 01633 0.00283 32 6.0803 58 0267 sa 0.688 0.00385 33 0.0855 59 0276 85 0.684 0.00502 34 0.0907 © 0286 86 0.712 0.00636 38 0.0962 6 0297 87 0.742 o.00785 36 0.102, oe 02307 8s 0.774 0,000 37 0.107 6 0318 89 0809 ons 38 ous 6 0329 90 oss, 0.0133 39 oy 65 0.304 91 0891 0.0154 40 0.126 66 0.352 2 0938 0.017 41 0.132 or 0.364 98 093 0.0201 2 0.138 6s 0377 8 L085 0.0227 8 oa o 0.390 1129 0.0254 44 os 70 0.403 1219 0.0283 45 0159 n 0.417 7 1336 o.0s14 46 0.166 n 0.431 98 1.500 0.0346 47 0173 B 0446 9 178 0.0380 48 O81 1 0.461 100 = o.0415 49 oss. 8 0477 0.0852 50 0.197 16 0.493 0.0891 sl 0.204 7 ost qERBURE CONFIDENTIAL BEC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER / SESSION: SEMI/ 2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE: BFF COURSE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ‘COURSE CODE BFC 43103 Q=150 kN Figure Q3(a) GWT y CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL Sou FINAL EXAMINATION (nec seen SEMI/ 20162017 PROGRAMME CODE: BFF “OURSE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING ‘COURSE CODE, BFC 43103 ‘Table 2: Bearing Capacity Factors for Shallow Foundations Terzhagi’s Method Meyerhot’s General Shear Local Shear Method Ne [Na | N, [| N. [Ny] N, [Ne] Ny [ON 5.70 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 5.70 [1.00] 0.00 | 5.14 | 1.00 | 0.00 6.00 | 1:10 | 0.01 [5.90 | 1.07 | 0.005 | 5.38 | 1.09 | 0.07 630 | 122 | 0.04 [610 [114] 002 | 563 | 120] 015 6.62 | 135 | 0.06 | 630 [122] 004 | 5.90 | 131 | 024 697 | 1.49 | 0.10 [651 | 130] 0.035 | 619 | 1.43 | 034 734 | Let | 0.14 | 674 [1.39] 0074 | 649 | 157 | 0.45 773 | 181 | 020 [697 [1.49] 0.10 | 681 | 1.72 | 057 [815 | 200 | 027 [722 [159| 0.128 | 7.16 | 188 | O71 | 8.60 | 2.21 | 035 | 7.47 [1.70| 016 | 733 | 206 | 086 9.09 | 2.44 | 0.44 [7.74 [1.82] 020 | 792 | 225 | 103 9.61 | 269 | 056 [802 [1.94] 024 | 835 | 247 | 122 11 | 10.16 | 298 [0.69 [832 [2.08 | 030 | 880 | 271] 144 12 [10.76 | 3.29 | 085 [8.63 [222] 035 | 928 | 297 | 160 13 | 114i | 3.63 | 104 [8.96 [238] 042 | 981 | 326 | 197 14 | i2.i1 | 402 [126 | 931 [255 | 048 [1037] 359 | 229 15 [12.86 | 445 [132 [9.67 |2.73| 057 [1098] 394 | 265 16 | 13.68 [492 | 1.82 [10.06 [2.92 | 0.67 | 11.63] 434 17 | 14.60 | 5.45 | 2.18 [10.47 |3.13 | 0.76 | 1234] 4.77 | 18 | 15:12 | 604 | 2.59 [10.90 [3.36] 088 | 13.10] 526 | 4 19 | 1656 | 670 | 3.07 [11.36/3.61| 1.03 [13.93] 580 | 4.68 20 | 17.69 | 7.44 | 3.64 [11.85 [3.88] 1.12 [1483] 640 | 5.39 21 | 18.92 | 8:26 [431 [1237] 4.17] 135 | 1582] 707 | 620 22 | 2027 | 9.19 | 5.09 [12.92 [4.48 | 155 | 1688] 782 | 7.13 23 | 21.75 | 10:33 | 600 | 13.51 [4.82 | 174 | 1805] 866 | 820 24 | 2336 | 11.40 | 7.08 [1414 [5.20] 197 | 1932] 9.60) 9.44 25 | 25.13 | 12727 834 [14.80 [5.60| 225 [20.72 | 10.66} 10.88 26 | 27.09 | 1421 | 9.84 [15.53 | 6.05 | 2:59 | 22.25 | 11.85] 12.54 27 | 2924 | 15.90 | 11.60 [16.30 | 6.54| 2.88 | 23.94 | 13.20] 1447 28 | 3161 | 17.81 | 13.70 | 17.13 | 7.07 | 3.29 [25.80 | 1472 | 16.72 [29 [3424 | 19.98 | 16:18 | 18.03 |7.66 | 3.76 [27.86 | 16.44 | 19.34 30 | 37.16 [22.46 | 19.13 | 18.99 [8.31 | 439 | 30.14 | 18.40 | 22.40 B] ole a}a}u) a) off —lole TERBUKA CONFIDENTIAL BEC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER /SESSION : SEM1/2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE: BEF COURSE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE BFC 43103 ‘Table 3: Variation of le with m: and m, | ee ee eee m0 020 [0.994 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 0997 | 0997 | 0997 0.997 0.40 | 0.960 | 0.976 | 0.977 | 0977 | 0977 | 097 | 0977 | 0977 0977 | 0.60-| 0.892 0932 | 0.936 | 0936 | 0937 | 0937 | 0937 | 0937 | 0957 0.80 | 0.800 | 0.870 | 0.878 | 0.880 | 0.881 | 0.881 | 0.881 | 0881 0.881 100 | 0.701 [0.800 | 0.814 | 0817 | O818 | 0818 | 0818 | O8IR | 0818 | 0818 120 | 0.606 | 0.727 | 0.748 | 0.753 | 0.754 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 | 0.755 T40_| 0.522 | 0.658 | 0.685 | 0.692 | 0.694 | 0.695 | 0.695 | 0.696 | 0.696 | 0.696 160 | 0449 [0.595 | 0.627 | 0.636 | 0.639 | 0.640 | 0.641 | O41 | 0.641 | 0.642 1.80 | 0.388 | 0.534 | 0.573 | 0.585 | 0.590 | 0.591 | 0.592 | 0592 | 0.593 | 0.593 200 | 0336 | 0481 | 0.525 | 0.540 | 0.545 | 0.547 | 0548 | 0549 | 0549 | 0.549 3.00 | 0.179 [0.293 | 0.348 | 0.373 | 0.384 | 0.389 | 0392 | 0393 | 0394 | 0395 400 | 0.108 [0.190 | 0.241 | 0.269 | 0.285 | 0.293 | 0.298 | 0301 | 0.302 | 0303 5.00 [0.072 [O31 | 0.174 | 0202 | 0.219 | 0.229 | 0.236 | 0240 | 0.242 | 0244 6.00 | 0.051 | 0.095 [0.130 | 0.155 | 0.172 | 0.184 | 0.192 | 0.197 | 0.200 | 0202 700_| 0.038 | 0.072 | 0.100 | 0.122 | 0.139 | 0.150 | 0.158 | 0.164 | 0.168 | 0.171 8.00 [0.029 [0.056 | 0.079 | 0.098 | 0.113 | 0.125 | 0.133 | 0.139 | 0.144 | 0.147 9.00 | 0.023 | 0.045 | 0.064 | 0.081 | 0.094 | 0.105 | 0.113 | 0119 | 0.124 | 0.128 10.00 | 0.019 | 0.037 | 0.053 | 0.067 | 0.079 | 0.089 | 0.097 | 0.103 | 0.108 | 0.112 Table 4: Variation of 2. with pile embedment length Embedment las 20 25 30 length, L (m) - ob Value of i os | 0336 | 0.245 0.200 | 0.173 | 0.150 0.136 CONFIDENTIAL BC 43103, CONFIDENTIAL FINAL EXAMINATION |SEMESTER / SESSION : SEM1/ 2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE: BFF COURSE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE BFC 43103, List of formula SOIL IMPROVEMENT AND GROUND MODIFICATION =(U%Y For U%: 0% to 60%; 7, = 4\ 100 } For U% > 60%; , =1.781-0931log(100-U%) | Ao, fs a ¢ | | | Us——4 | A A fog} 1+ “S:0)| 1. 8S | A Rock quality designation (RQD) = Zlength of recovered pieves equal to or larger than 101.6 mm | | al length of rock cored | N, 10 CONFIDENTIAL BFC 43103 CONFIDENTIAL FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER / SESSION: SEM1/ 2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE — : BFF COURSE FOUNDATION ENGINEERING COURSE CODE BEC 43103 Case Il for water within 0 B, the 9=Diy*Di(Yu-%e) | nd A water will have no effect on Y=Vur~Yu | tee 3’ -r) the ultimate bearing capacity. = ONE Fogk, + IN Pg yahy + $YBN,E FF, = Sia ae B +S tan Et Depth Factor D,/B <1, for p=0 Foa = 1 [ Oy SL forp>0 D; Faq = 1+ 2tang'(1— sing’ l D,/B > 1, for 6 =0 . Faa=1 | Fya = 1 | D,/B> 1, ford >0 1-F, ; tant Fra Fa ~ Fy wang Faq = 1+ 2tang! (1 — sing’)*tan-(—) " at cimtieas . where L is the length of the foundation and L>B. Inclination Factor i e) 90°) Bis the inclination of the load on the foundation with respect to vertical “Eccentric Loading in Shallow Foundations fue ke ° ae py = Que Q 11 CON ‘CONFIDENTIAL BFC 43103 FINAL EXAMINATION SION. : SEMI/ 2016/2017 PROGRAMME CODE: BEF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING (COURSE CODE, BEC 43103 Gu= ONE Fak y + ON FF yahy + 47 BNE Fak Method 2: Quay = ale "Neco + IN gio) + 578, | Quy = sale: Neco Fae) + IN go Pe) + FPN oan FFgPy + ON FogFyaly eae + YBN Flaky - Quy = GB! Fao = 1.00 ‘pe nen RIE) Iateconre) accor) a-(3) [ TERBUKA aac = Aco (1 Re) utconre) = IN Fug 8 YBN Fg Qa = BA cwcerc) Hor of +Ac%,

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