Maternal Factors Effects on

Childhood Obesity
Vivian Agbobu, Robert Davila, Annet Jones, & Michael Solano
 Background

Introduction Who does it effect

Why did we pick it

Maternal Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Obesity in Offspring

Introduction: This study examined the relationship between maternal caffeine intake
during pregnancy and the risk of childhood obesity in offspring.

Methodology: In-utero caffeine exposure was reported during in-person interviews

and offspring weight was obtained from medical records over 15 years.

Results: In-utero caffeine exposure was associated with an increased risk of childhood
obesity in comparison to those without caffeine exposure.

Conclusion: Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy was overall associated with an
increased risk of childhood obesity.
Maternal BMI, Gestational Diabetes and Weight gain in relation to childhood Obesity: The Mediation
effect of Placental Weight.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the extent to which maternal BMI,
gestational diabetes and gestational weight gain may be mediated through the
placenta.:

Methodology: Placentas were weighed after removing the cord and membrane and
they performed sequential generalized estimating equation-linear models excluding
and including placental weight to evaluate its mediation effect.

Results: 27.7% of the mothers had overweight, 17.3% had excessive GWG, 7.6% of the
children had obesity.

Conclusion: Placental weight partly mediates the effects of maternal BMI, excessive
gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes on childhood obesity.
Postpartum Depression, Infant Feeding Practices, and Infant Weight Gain at Six Months of Age

Introduction: This study examined the effect of Postpartum Depression on early

feeding practices early in life.

Methodology: Mothers were mailed questionnaires and asked to provide infant

feeding practice over first year of life.

Results: Mothers that had PPD were more likely to be obese, smoking during
postpartum, and report irritability of the infant as a problem.

Conclusion: These factors were related to childhood obesity and babies whose
mothers had PPD experienced greater weight gain by six months.
Measured Parental Weight Status and Familial Socio-Economic Status Correlates with Childhood
Overweight and Obesity at Age 9
Introduction: Ireland in specific has a high prevalence of childhood obesity that affects 1 in 4 children. The research was
conducted to find what factors correlated with childhood obesity to create appropriate public health interventions for Ireland's
obesity epidemic. This article discussed the effects of measure parental weight status and family socioeconomic status on the risk
of childhood obesity.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted on children from the Growing up In Ireland (GUI) study. After the
sample population selection, trained social interviews conducted personal interviews with the children and their parents in their
home. Anthropometric measures were obtained in the home to obtain BMI data about the children and relatives.
Results: There was an inverse relationship between SES and the prevalence of childhood obesity household income (p= 0.013),
maternal education (p= 0.000) and household class (p = 0.000).

Conclusion: The results of the statistical showed an inverse relationship between the variables (Paternal weight, SES, weight
of the child). Although the article had some minor limitations, the results of this article were still applicable to the population a
strong positive correlation discovered between the weight of children and the weight of the parents along with SES
Swedish Child Health Care Nurses Conceptions of Overweight in Children: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: Although Sweden has the lowest prevalence rate of childhood obesity
in Europe, the incidence rate within the country is on the rise. In Sweden, every child
under the age of six is assigned a Child Health Care Nurse (CHC - Nurse). It is the
CHC-Nurses responsibility to identify prevent the onset of childhood obesity.

Methodology: A method, called the phenomenongraphical approach, was used for

this study. Conversation-style interviews were conducted with 18 CHC nurses.
Qualitative data from the interviews was collated and analyzed five stages.

Results: The results of the data were divided into four major categories: 1. perception
of childhood overweight changes, 2. overweight in younger children a neglected
concern, 3. overweight a delicate issue, and 4., the importance of discussion.

Conclusion: With many strengths and only one limitation, this was article was great
for our research process. Although there was no direct cause of childhood obesity
found, this article showed significant contributing factors.
The Complexities of Childhood Obesity: A Qualitative Study Among Mexican American Mothers

Introduction: This study examined how Mexican-American mothers in Texas

perceived childhood obesity.

Methodology: Three focus groups were formed (Two Spanish, One English) and a
thematic analysis was conducted.

Results: Beliefs held by Mexican- American mothers included: genetics playing a role,
treats as a reward for eating all food, thinking of chubby children as cute and healthy,
and using their childs size to know if they were overweight were common beliefs.

Conclusion: Provided a baseline for future research in this area and by understanding
Mexican-American mothers views, findings will assist in creating more effective
obesity prevention programs in children.
Vietnamese Mother's Conceptions of Childhood Overweight: Findings from a Qualitative Study
Introduction: This study aimed to understand the mothers conceptions of childhood
overweight.

Methodology: Four focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 33

mothers of preschool children. The discussions were audio taped and transcribed
verbatim. The obtained data were analyzed using the principles of phenomenography.

Results: Four main categories with 13 subcategories emerged in the process of

analysis. 1. Concept of overweight. 2. Identification of overweight. 3. Causes of
overweight and 4. Management of overweight.

Conclusion: Gives an understanding of the mothers conceptions of four important

useful aspects of overweight in children. Highlights the roles of media and the health
care system in enhancing a social awareness of the problem and the need for
prevention. Regular use of growth charts need to be used and designing intervention
programs, which include the entire extended families..
A Qualitative Systematic Review of Maternal Infant Feeding Practices in Transitioning from Milk
Feeds to Family Foods

Introduction: This research explored infant feeding practices, early eating habits, and
child weight into adulthood.

Methodology: Feeding practices were categorized into themes and obesity was
perceived as a measure of good health.

Results: Overriding infant cues played a significant role in the development of

childhood obesity and future health problems.

Conclusion: Maternal feeding style influences childrens eating habits which can lead
to childhood obesity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our critique table validated that each of our 4 qualitative research
articles were reliable means of research for our research question. Each article had
many strengths and very few limitations. What was done especially within all the
articles was the organization of results into understandable themes. Most of the articles
were lacking large population size and diversity. Although a definite cause of
childhood obesity was not found, each article found contributing factors to this
pandemic. The next logical step is to continue research within this field and to
continue to identify contributing factors .
 Article 1: Article 2: Article 3: Article 4: Data Analysis 100% 100% 100% 100%
Quantitative Maternal Maternal Postpartum Measured
Caffeine BMI, Depression Parental Research Ethics 84% 73% 80% 93%
Critique intake GB, WG. Weight
Status Findings/Interpretation 93% 100% 90% 100%
table
Implication 65% 76% 61% 61%
Research 100% 80% 100% 91%
Problem/Question Recommendations 37% 33% 33% 77%

Review of Literature 96% 53% 93% 93%

Grand Total 83.9% 81% 80% 89%

Theoretical/Conceptual 47% 33% 40% 0%

framework

Methodology: Design 100% 100% 100% 100%

Methodology: Sampling 100% 100% 100% 93%

Methodology: Data 85% 93% 80% 93%

Collection

Methodology: 100% 86% 100% 83%

Instruments
 Article 1; Article 2: Article 3: Article 4: Methodology: 100% 77.8% 100% 100%
Qualitative Swedish The Vietnamese A Instruments
Child complexities Mothers Qualitative
Critique Health of Childhood Conception systematic
obesity of childhood review of
table overweight Maternal
Infant
Methodology: Data
Analysis
77.8% 88.9% 100% 88%

feeding.

Phenomenon of interest 100% 100% 100% 77%

Rigor 66.7% 55.6% 100% 44%

Research purpose 100% 100% 100% 100%

Findings/Interpretatio 100% 100% 100% 100%
Review of Literature 88% 77.8% 100% 77% n

Theoretical/conceptual 88% 66.7% 0% 44%

Implications 83% 50% 73.3% 72%
Framework

Methodology: Approach 100% 66.7% 78% 77%

Conclusions 66% 88.9% 67% 88%

Methodology: Sampling 100% 100% 100% 100%

Recommendations 100% 66.7% 100% 66%
Methodology: Ethics 88% 77.8% 89% 55%

Methodology: Data 100% 100% 100% 100% Grand Total 92.5% 85% 91.8% 84%
Collection