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diffusion of heat

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Asumsi: aliran radial, tidak ada source dan/atau sinks

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k p
ur
r
Asumsi: aliran radial,
isotropik, laminer,
abaikan gravitasi
dan konstan.

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Asumsi: isothermal, slightly compressible fluid, kompresibilitas kecil dan konstan.

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Untuk kondisi isothermal dan nilai dari kompresibilitas yang kecil
dan konstan, maka :

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Non- Dimensionless Diffusivity Equation
1 p c p
r .
r r r k t

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incompressible

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INTRODUCTION:

When well is producing, there is a pressure drop along the wellbore,


and then propagate through the reservoir radius with function of time

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Flow condition based on the Pressure Propagation

Unstabilized Flow Condition


Occured when Pressure propagation
hasnt reached the reservoir boundary.
P = Pi at t = 0, for all r
Stabilized flow P = Pi at r = infinite, for all t
(solution will be explained in ch. 7)
[Ei solution]

Stabilized Flow Condition


Unstabilized flow
Will be describe in the next slide

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What is Stabilized flow Condition?
Recall:
When well is producing, there is a
pressure drop along the wellbore,
and then propagate through the
reservoir radius with function of
time

When the pressure propagation


has reached the reservoir
boundary, and continues to flow, it
called Stabilized flow Conditions.
1 PI equation
2 Knowing the Skin effect (wellbore damage)
3 Knowing the steam soaking effect
4 Effect of Stimulation to PI ratio
5 Knowing the Volumetric Res. (ch. 7)
6 Knowing the reservoir variabel (ch. 7)

7 Knowing the Reservoir shape (ch. 7)


Type of Flow:
-Semi-steady state condition

- Steady-state condition
Semi-steady state Steady-state

Stabilized
flow

Applications
Semi-steady state
Steady state

Stabilized
flow

Applications
Semi-steady state conditions

Figure of Pressure distribution and geometry


appropriate for the solution of the radial diffusivity
equation under semi-state conditions
Mathematic Equation

Semi steady state :


p constant , V
qconstan t
t t
Chain Rule :
V V p

q

t p t
1 V p V p
V CtV
V p t t t
p q p q

t ctV t cre2 h
Mathematic Equation contd

Radial Flow
1 p c p
r .
r r r k t
q

kre2 h
p qr 2
Integrating this equation r C1
r 2re kh
2

p
At the outer no-flow boundary 0
r
q
C1 , so
2kh
integrating r
p q 1 r q r
2


2
r 2kh r re
ppwf
pr
ln r 2
2kh 2re rw
Mathematic Equation contd

q r r 2 rw2
pr pwf ln 2 2
2kh rw 2re 2re
negligible
In the case when r = re
q re 1
pe pwf ln S
2kh rw 2
PI relationship :
q 2kh
PI
pe pwf re 1
ln S
rw 2 2 re
And then determination p 2 2 prdr
re rw rw
re
then re2
p 2rhdr or
re
pdV
p
re2 rw2 h
p
rw
rw
2 re
re
p 2 prdr
rw
dV re rw
Mathematic Equation contd

Combine with previous equation, then


2 q re r r2
p pwf 2
re 2kh rw
r ln 2 dr
rw 2re

re re
r re2 re re2 r3 re2
rwr ln rwdr 2 ln rw 4 rw 2re2 dr 8

Inflow equation with average pressure :

q re 3
p pwf ln S
2kh rw 4
Steady-state condition

Steady state solution well flow for


production when P/ t =0

Steady-state condition Darcys Law for radial flow of


single phase oil
STEADY STATE SOLUTION

From Darcys Law for radial flow of single


phase oil :
kA dp
q Where A 2rh
dr

2rkh dp
q
dr

q 1
P r

P dp 2kh r r dr
wf w

q r
P Pwf In
2kh rw
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
Equation for steady state :
Since the outer boundary pressure
q r
P Pwf In cannot be measured directly,
2kh rw therefore need P average within
re
drainage volume.
r pdV r
e

p 2rhdr
P w dV 2rhdr
P
rw
re
re

dV
rw
2rhdr
rw
re

p2rhdr
P
rw

r e
2

rw2 h
re
2
P 2 2

re rw prdr
rw
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
re2 rw2 re2 (1 rw2 / re2 ) re2
re re
2
P 2 2
2

re rw prdr P 2
re prdr
rw
rw

Substituting P P q In r
2kh
wf
rw
q r
re
2
P Pwf 2
re r 2kh In rw rdr 2 q re2 re re2
w
2 In
re 2kh 2 rw 4
2 q e r
r

2 r In dr
re 2kh rw rw P Pwf
q re 1
In
re 2kh rw 2
2 q r r
2 re
1 r2

re 2kh 2
2 In r 2
dr
rw rw
rw
General Solutions for Stabilized flow Condition
Steady State Semi Steady State

General relationship q r P Pwf


q r r2
In 2
P Pwf In
between P and r
2kh rw 2kh rw 2re

q re q re 1
In
Inflow equation, Pe Pwf In Pe Pwf
P = Pe at r = re 2kh rw 2kh rw 2

Inflow equation, q re 1
In q re 3
P Pwf P Pwf In
average pressure 2kh rw 2 2kh rw 4
Steady State Solutions
In field units ( stb/d, psi, mD, ft)
q Replaced by 141.2qBo
2kh kh
Skin factor is involved with artificially changing the
wellbore radius rw
q re 3
P Pwf In rw rwe s
2kh rw 4

rw effective wellbore radius due to skin

Formation damage k decrease skin positive


Well is stimulated k increase skin negative
Applications of Stabilized flow solution

1 Stimulating Well by steam soaking

2 Flow simulating in wellbore damage condition

3 Skin prediction

4 PI ratio
Stimulated well dy steam soaking

Temperature
Difference

Viscosity
Difference
Steam Soaking Stimulated Well

A well is stimulated by steam soaking.


For rw < r < rh Ts is uniform = Steam temperature
For r > rh Apply Tr as reservoir temperature
Where oh Viscosity of the oil at Ts
and oc Viscosity of the oil at Tr
Stabilized Flow Equation for Steam Soaking

Inflow equation under steady state flow


condition :
qoh r qoc r
Pr Pwf In rw r rh Pr Ph In rh r re
2kh rw 2kh rh
qoh rh q r
Ph Pwf In Pe Ph oc In e
2kh rw 2kh rh
q rh re
Pe Pwf
oh In oc In
2kh rw rh
qoc oh rh re
Pe Pwf
In In For stimulated well
2kh oc rw rh
qoc oh rh re rw rw qoc re
Pe Pwf
In In In In
S In
2kh oc rw rh rh rh 2kh rw
qoc oh rh rh re oh rh rh

In In In
S In In
2kh oc rw rw rw oc rw rw
Stabilized Flow Equation for Steam Soaking

Inflow equation for Unstimulated well :


qoc r
Pe Pwf In e
2kh rw

Then the effect on productivity index due to steam


soaking : PI stimulated well
PI ratio increase
PI unstimulated well

q
q oc oh rh r re
In In e In
2kh oc rw rh rw

q oh rh re
q oc r In In
In e
2kh rw oc rw rh
Wellbore Damage

Skin Factor
There will be a skin factor due to
wellbore damage

Wellbore Damage
PI stimulated
In order to increase permebility
value besause of skin factor,
stimulating well applied. And this
method will increase the PI value
APPLICATION OF THE STABILIZED INFLOW EQUATIONS

IN WELLBORE DAMAGE
a. Skin Factor

The inflow equations appropriate for the pressure distribution shown

In particular,
i.e.

Skin Factor

b. PI ratio

Case: During drilling, a well is damaged out to a radius of 4 ft from


the wellbore so that the permeability within the damaged zone is
reduced to 1/100 th of the undamaged effective permeability. After
completion the well is stimulated so that the permeability out to a
distance of 10 ft from the wellbore is increased to ten times the
undamaged permeability. What will be the PI ratio increase if the
wellbore radius is 0.333 ft and the drainage radius 660 ft?
since,
Conclusions
1 General solution for Semi-steady state flow:
q re 3
P Pwf In
2kh rw 4
2 General solution for Steady state flow:
q re 1
P Pwf In
2kh rw 2

3 Solution form stabilized flow eq, is used to


-Determining the skin effect
-PI equation and its ratio
-Well test applications (ch. 7)
THANK YOU

Questions?
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