1. The elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table show variations in their behaviour across the period.

(a) The bar chart below shows the variation of melting points of the elements across Period 3.

(i) Explain the general increase in melting point from Na to Al.

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(ii) Explain the variation of melting points from P to Ar.

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(iii) Explain why Si has a much higher melting point than any of the other elements in the period.

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b) The graph below shows the variation of the first ionisation energies across Period 3.

(i) Explain why the first ionisation energy of Ar is greater than that of Cl.

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(ii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of Al is less than that of Mg.

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(iii) Explain why the first ionisation energy of S is less than that of P.

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2. Oxides are compounds which usually contain oxygen combined with one other element.

Oxides are classified as follows.

acidic alkaline amphoteric basic

(a) Using these terms only, complete the table to describe the oxides of the elements of the third
period of the Periodic Table sodium to sulfur.

Na2O MgO Al 2O3 SiO2 P4O10 SO2 Cl 2O7

acidic

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3. The table below shows the electronegativity values of some elements.

Element H C N O

Electronegativity 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5

(a) State the meaning of the term electronegativity.

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(b) State the strongest type of intermolecular force in the following compounds.

Methane (CH4) .............................................................................................

Ammonia (NH3) ............................................................................................ [2]

(c) Draw a diagram to show how two molecules of ammonia are attracted to each other by the type of
intermolecular force you stated in part (b). Include partial charges and all lone pairs of electrons in your
diagram.

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(d) Phosphorus is in the same group of the Periodic Table as nitrogen.

A molecule of PH3 reacts with an H+ ion to form a PH4+ ion.
Name the type of bond formed when PH3 reacts with H+ and explain how this bond is formed.

Type of bond ...............................................................................................

Explanation .....................................................................................................................................

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(e) Arsenic is in the same group as nitrogen. It forms the compound AsH3. Draw the shape of an AsH3
molecule, including any lone pairs of electrons. Name the shape made by its atoms.

Shape

Name of shape ............................................................................................ [2]

(f) The boiling point of AsH is 62.5 C and the boiling point of NH is 33.0 C.
3 3

Suggest why the boiling point of AsH3 is lower than that of NH3

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4. At room temperature, both sodium metal and sodium chloride are crystalline solids which contain ions.

(a) On the diagrams for sodium metal and sodium chloride below, mark the charge for each ion [2]

(b) (i) Explain how the ions are held together in solid sodium metal.

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(ii) Explain how the ions are held together in solid sodium chloride.

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(c) Compare the electrical conductivity of solid sodium metal with that of solid sodium chloride. Explain
your answer.

Comparison ..................................................................................................................................................

Explanation ..................................................................................................................................................

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(d) Explain why sodium metal is malleable (can be hammered into shape).

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5. Which diagram represents the change in ionic radius of the elements across the third period?

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6. Which of the following oxides is unlikely to dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide?

A Al2O3 B MgO C SO2 D SiO2 [1]

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8.

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9.

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10.

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