04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength RHT Concrete Strength The RHT concrete model is an advanced plasticity model for brittle materials developed by Riedal et al [31,[41, [5]. It is particularly useful for modeling the dynamic loading of concrete. It can also be used for other brittle materials such as rock and ceramic. The RHT constitutive model is a combined plasticity and shear damage model in which the deviatoric stress in the material is limited by a generalized failure surface of the form: #(Peig 8,8) = Seg — Yona *Feaney *Parg *(F) ere) 68) This failure surface can be used to represent the following aspects of the response of geological materials + Pressure hardening Strain hardening Strain rate hardening in tension and compression Third invariant dependence for compressive and tensile meridians Strain softening (shear induced damage) Coupling of damage due to porous collapse The model is modular in nature and is designed such that individual aspects of the material behavior can be turned on and off. This gives the model significant practical usefulness. Further details of how the model represents the various aspects of the material behavior are now presented Fracture surface The fracture surface is represented through the expression La, ppp Yaxe = 6 [ Ara P*~ PoasFere) (9) where fy is the cylinder strength Arar Near are user defined parameters P* is pressure normalized with respect to fy Pspai* is the normalized hydrodynamic tensile limit Fare is a rate dependent enhancement factor Additionally, there is an option to truncate the fracture surface to fit through the characteristic points that can be observed experimentally at low pressures, while retaining the flexibility to match data at high pressures. This feature is described in the figure below. hps:ihww.sharcnet.calSofware/Ansys/15.0.Tlen-usinelpiwb_simids_ex_mal_ehtcone.html we04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength Figure 47: RHT Representation of Compressive Mer ; y : ao Pure shear s \ strengtn Blaxla tense ‘strength Tensile and Compressive Meridians The RHT model can represent the difference between the compressive and tensile meridian in terms of material strength using the third invariant dependence term (R3). This can be utilized to represent the observed reduction in strength of concrete under triaxial extension, compared with triaxial compression. The third invariant dependence term is formulated using the expression 2[1-G8) cosa+ (20, - 1) f4(1-G2) cos? 9-40, (60) A(1- CF] cos? a+ (1- 20,)° where cos(ae) = 243s Q,=0,, +807 and 05 <0, <1, BQ= 0.0105 The input parameter Qz 9 defines the ratio of strength at zero pressure and the coefficient BQ defines the rate at which the fracture surface transitions from approximately triangular in form to a circular form with increasing pressure ( Figure 48: Third invariant dependence), Figure 48: invariant dependence °, Tensile metigan Compressive rrerician o Os Strain Hardening Strain hardening is represented in the model through the definition of an elastic limit surface and a “hardening” slope. The elastic limit surface is scaled down from the fracture surface by user htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html anot.22017 RAT Concrete Strength defined ratios; (elastic strength/fc) and (elastic strength/ft). The pre-peak fracture surface is subsequently defined through interpolation between the elastic and fracture surfaces using the g, este “hardening” slope, Coase “=| » This is shown in Figure 49: Bi-linear strain hardening function for the case of uniaxial compression. En(pe-stecing) where vaso ~ Spe nng = Lit Ya of — Gat Met ae (Sheehan Figure 49; ear strain hardening function feomnrat}———~ Shear Damage Damage is assumed to accumulate due to inelastic deviatoric straining (shear induced cracking) using the relationships sy Aen (61) D-5 a oe =O (P-Py where Dj and D2 are material constants used to describe the effective strain to fracture as a function of pressure. Damage accumulation can have two effects in the model + Strain softening (reduction in strength) The current fracture surface (for a given level of damage) is scaled down from the intact surface using the expression ‘aaurnd = (1~ D) Yrs + OY etuat (62) where Ya = wane)", Vere =SFUAX | (63) htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html an04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength The term Y xtc*SFMAX is used to limit the maximum residual shear strength (for completely damaged material) to be a fraction (SFMAX) of the current fracture strength. + Reduction in shear stiffness The current shear modulus is defined through the expression Gractina = (1~ D)Gaasio + OG estat (64) Porous Collapse Damage The model includes the option to include a cap to limit the elastic deviatoric stress under large compressions. This effectively leads to the assumption that porous compaction results in a reduction in deviatoric strength. The final combination of elastic, fracture and residual failure surfaces is shown schematically below in Figure 50: RHT Elastic, Fracture and Residual Failure Surfaces. Figure 50: RHT Elastic, Fracture and Residual Failure Surfaces Elestioardening Falure Surface Fallure Surface __— een Basic Limit Sutace Strain Rate Effects Strain rate effects are represented through increases in fracture strength with plastic strain rate. Two different terms can be used for compression and tension with linear interpolation being used in the intermediate pressure regime. “ 1+|=] for Po Ve (2 for P > ‘at, (compression) ate = Ae é 14+| =| for P< Va (tension! (@] she t ] where & = 3e-6 in tension and 30e-6 in compression. Tensile Failure By default, tensile failure is achieved using a hydrodynamic tensile limit. The maximum tensile pressure in the material is limited to htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html ar04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength P-=max[D*P,»,P(0,8)] (65) Using this option, no additional user input is required since the value of Prin iS derived from fy, which forms part of the input for the strength model. Note that the principal tensile stress and crack softening failure properties may also be used in conjunction with this model. Data for concrete with cube strengths of 35MPa and 140MPa are included in the distributed material library. The model is formulated such that input can be scaled with the cube strength, fc i.e. you can retrieve one of the two concretes in the library, change its cube strength to match the concrete you want to model and the remaining terms will automatically scale proportionately. The resulting data set will be approximate and we recommend validation of the material data against experimental characterization tests in all cases. Note: This property can only be applied to solid bodies. Table 121: Input Data Name Symbol Units Notes Compressive Strength | fc Stress Tensile Strength ft/fe None Shear Strength fs/fe None Intact failure surface | Aran. None constant A Intact failure surface | Near. None exponent N Tens./Comp. Meridian | Qo. None ratio Brittle to Ductile BQ None Transition Hardening Slope None Ge/(Ger-Gpy) Elastic Strength/ft None Elastic Strenath/fc None Fracture Strength |B None Constant Fracture Strength | m None Exponent Compressive strain ja None rate exponent Tensile strain rate 3 None exponent htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html sr04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength Name Symbol Units Notes Maximum fracture | SFMAX None strength ratio Use cap on elastic None Option: surface Yes (default) No Damage constant D1 |D1 None Damage constant D2 |D2 None Minimum strain to None failure Residual Shear None modulus fraction Custom results variables available for this model: Name Description Solids Shells Beams EFF_PL_STN Effective Plastic Yes No No Strain EFF_PL_STN_RATE _| Effective Plastic Yes No No Strain Rate PRESSURE Pressure Yes No No DAMAGE Damage Yes No No STATUS Material Status** | Yes No No ~**Material status indicators (1=elastic, 2= plastic, 3 = bulk failure, 4 = bulk failure, 5= failed principal direction 1, 6= failed principal direction 2, 7 = failed principal direction 3) (G04) (31 Riedel W., Thoma K., Hiermaier S., Schmolinske E.: Penetration of Reinforced Concrete by BETA-B-500, Numerical Analysis using a New Macroscopic Concrete Model for Hydrocodes. Proc. (CD-ROM) 9, Internationales Symposium , Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures, Berlin Strausberg, 03.-07. Mai 1999, pp 315 - 322 [4] w. Riedel, Beton unter dynamischen Lasten: Meso- und makromechanische Modelle und ihre Parameter, Ed.: Fraunhofer-Institut fir Kurzzeitdynamik, Ernst-Mach-Institut EMI, Freiburg/Brsg., Fraunhofer IRB Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-8167-6340-5, http://www .irbdirekt.de/irbbuch/ (5) Werner Riedel, Nobuaki Kawai and Ken-ichi Kondo, Numerical Assessment for Impact Strength Measurements in Concrete Materials, International Journal of Impact Engineering 36 (2009), pp. 283-293 DOI information: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.12.012 htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html ar04.12.2017 RHT Concrete Strength Release 15.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. htps:shwen sharenet.calSoftware/Ansys!15.0.7len-usihelpiwb_simiés_ex_mal_shtcone.html a