The design for a dam that is to be constructed across a stream channel must consider diversion

of the stream flow around or through the dam site during the construction period. The function
of the diversion trunk is to flow the river outside of the dam during construction. The diversion
trunk will be designed for a flow discharge with return period equal to the time required to
finish the main component of the dam.

The following factors should be considered in a study to determine the best diversion scheme:
(1) Stream flow characteristics
(2) Size and frequency of diversion flood
(3) Methods of diversion

4.1. Stream flow characteristics

Stream flow records provide the most reliable information regarding stream flow characteristics
and should be consulted whenever available.
Depending upon the size of the drainage area and its geographical location, floods on a stream
may be the result of snowmelt and rain falling. Because each of these types of runoff have their
peak flows and their periods of low flow at different times of the year, the nature of the runoff
influences the selection of the diversion scheme.

4.2. Selection of Diversion Flood

Usually, it
is not economically feasible to plan on diverting the
largest flood that has ever occurred or may be expected
to occur at the site. Consequently, some
lesser requirement must be decided upon. In the
case of an embankment dam, where considerable
areas of foundation and structural excavation are
exposed or where overtopping of the embankment
under construction may result in serious damage or
loss of partially completed work, the importance of
eliminating the risk of flooding is relatively great.
This consideration is not as important, however, in
the case of a concrete dam because the floodwaters
can, if the locations of appurtenant structures permit,
overtop the dam with little or no adverse effect.