FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENG

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

PULAU PINANG (DEC2015-APR2016)

COURSE WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE ECW351
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 1
CATEGORY PARTIALLY OPEN
DEGREE OF OPEN ENDED 33%
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK (WEEK 4)

LAB NO 3
TITLE MANGANESE

INTRODUCTION

Manganese is a mineral that naturally occurs in rocks and soil and may
also be present due to underground pollution sources. Manganese is
seldom found alone in a water supply. It is frequently found in iron-
bearing waters but is more rare than iron. Chemically it can be
considered a close relative of iron since it occurs in much the same
forms as iron. When manganese is present in water, it is every bit as
annoying as iron, perhaps even more so. In low concentrations it
produces extremely objectionable stains on everything with which it
comes in contact. Deposits collect in pipelines, and tap water may
contain black sediment and turbidity due to precipitated manganese.
When fabrics are washed in manganese-bearing water, dark brown or
black stains are formed due to the oxidation of the manganese.

The U.S. EPA Secondary Drinking Water Regulations recommend a limit

of 0.05 mg/l manganese because of the staining which may be caused.
For many industrial purposes the manganese content should not exceed
0.01 to 0.02 mg/l. And in some cases this is even considered excessive.
PREAMBLE
In concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/l the manganese may become
noticeable by impairing color, odor, or taste to the water. However,
according to the EPA health effects are not a concern until
concentrations are approximately 10 times higher.

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the concentration of manganese (Mn++) from the raw

water and tap water sample.
2. To compare the results obtained from the experiments with the
Malaysia Drinking Water Quality Standard
.

ECW351 WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING Page 1

 FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENG
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL
PULAU PINANG (DEC2015-APR2016)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the laboratory works, students should be able to:

1. Conduct experiment based on guided and explanatory procedure to

determine manganese concentration in water sample.
2. Derive the conclusion on the concentration of manganese in the water
sample with available water standard.

PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Each group is required to source and prepared three (3) raw water and
three (3) tap water samples to be tested for the presence and
PROBLEM STATEMENTS
concentration of Manganese (Mn). Each group is required to analyse the
concentrations of the samples and conclude whether the water samples
are within the allowable limit of National Drinking Water Standard.

APPARATUS

1. Spectrophotometer
2. High Range Manganese Reagent Set
3. Sample Cells
APPARATUS
i. Collect samples in acid-washed plastic bottles. Do not use glass
containers due to possible adsorption of Mn to glass.
ii. If samples are acidified, adjust the pH to 45 with 5.0 N Sodium
Hydroxide before analysis.
iii. Do not exceed pH 5, as manganese may precipitate

PROCEDURE USEPA Powder Pillow Method 8034

1. Start program 295 Manganese.

2. Prepare the sample: Fill a sample cell with 10 mL of sample.
3. Add the contents of one Buffer Powder Pillow, Citrate Type for
Manganese.
4. Stopper or cap and invert to mix
5. Add the contents of one Sodium Periodate Powder Pillow to the
WAYS AND MEANS sample cell.
(Refer to Standard Methods for the 6. Stopper or cap and invert to mix. A violet color will develop if
manganese is present.
Examination of Water and
7. Start the instrument timer. A two-minute reaction time will begin.
Wastewater
8. Blank Preparation: Fill a second sample cell with 10 mL of samp
9. When the timer expires, insert the blank into the cell holder.
10. ZERO the instrument. The display will show: 0.0 mg/L Mn
11. Within eight minutes after the timer expires, insert the sample into the
cell holder
12. READ the results in mg/L Mn.

ECW351 WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING Page 2

 FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENG
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL
PULAU PINANG (DEC2015-APR2016)

Summary of method

Manganese in the sample is oxidized to the purple permanganate state

by sodium periodate, after buffering the sample with citrate. The purple
color is directly proportional to the manganese concentration. Test
results are measured at 525 nm.

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

1. Analyse the concentration of Mn for every water sample from every

group
RESULT, ANALYSIS 2. Discuss and conclude the result obtained with the Malaysia Drinking
CONCLUSION Water Quality Standard
3. Suggest how the concentration of Mn in water can be minimized in
order to reduce health risks.
4. Conclude the experimental works.

ECW351 WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING Page 3