Detailed design

Concept System-Level Detail Testing and Production

Planning Development Design Design Refinement Ramp-Up

-Detailed Analysis
Modeling, Simulate
& Optimize -Detail
Specifications -
Drawings, GD&T
 Detailed design
Detailed design stage:
Detailed design is sometimes referred to as 'developed
design'. It is the process of taking on and developing the
approved concept design.
This design will provide a detailed specification for each
component, thoroughly describing interfaces and
functions provided by each component.
This detailed design will serve as the basis for the
implementation phase.
Detailed design
detailed design
Detailed design can include outputs such as 2D and
3D models, cost build up estimates, procurement plans
etc.

Detailed design is such a fundamental necessity to

manufacturers that it exists at the intersection of many
product development processes.

Shortening product development lifecycles and

increased product complexity, companies are feeling
immense pressure to improve their detailed design
process.
Detailed design process
Modeling in Engineering Design

In engineering, Modeling is the process of generating

a simplified/abstract representation of a complex
real/physical system.
Models have many uses, and their simplified/abstract
representation may be in the form of (but not limited to):
a mathematical model

a graphical model

a computer/software model

a physical model

Modelling is critical for many engineering fields, where working

with the real system is otherwise difficult, impractical, or
impossible.
Modeling in Engineering Design

There are numerous reasons to create Models

which are representations of real/physical
systems. This includes:

Simulation Prediction

Substitute for direct measurement

Substitute for testing

Optimization
 Modeling allows engineers to:
Expand upon a vision/concept

Formulate an interpretation of that vision

Originate innovations

Enhance the understanding of physical problems

Process a large number of alternative solutions

Basic Modeling Flow Chart
Principles of Modelling
1. Do not build a complicated model when a simple one will
suffice.
2. Beware of molding the problem to fit the technique.
3. The deduction phase of modeling must be conducted
rigorously
4. Models should be validated prior to implementation
5. A model should neither be pressed to do, nor criticized for
failing to do, that for which it was never intended
6. A model cannot be better than the information that goes
into it (Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO) is very applicable
to modeling)
7. Models cannot replace decision makers!
Model Validation
The process of making sure that a model actually works is
commonly called validation.
When people are convinced that a model is useful in some
basic context, they will speak of it as a valid model.
However, the validity is often restricted to a certain context,
and hence, it is vital to know the limitations of the model.

Note: Validation is a considerably weaker term than "proof"

Model Validation Steps
Always remember that a model is never
perfect.
An absolute measure of validity does not exist.
On what basis can we compare the validity of
models?
Four phases are suggested:
1. An evaluation of model structure.
2. An evaluation of model logic.
3. An evaluation of design and/or input data.
4. An evaluation of model response
Model Validation: Step #1
Evaluation of the Model Structure
Keep track of the model structure at all times.

Best way is to start with a preliminary simple

model and slowly build on it in a systematic and
logical way.

KISS (Keep It Simple and Sensible)

Model Validation: Step #2
Evaluation of the Model Logic
If the model logic truly reflects the system model,
then the model will react to a stimulus (or change)
in the same way as the actual system would.

Often, the relative difference in the outputs are all

that we need to be concerned with (trends), rather
than whether the model response and the actual
system values are identical.
Model Validation: Step #3
Evaluation of the Input Data
Input Data is defined as:
1) The design data or information used to construct the
model
2) The input data of data used to stimulate the system
Data collection and verification may well be the most
overlooked portion of model construction.
The process of data collection often consumes the major
amount of time and resources when dealing with actual
problems.
Good practice: First decide on the basic form of the model,
then identify its specific data needs.
Model Validation: Step #4
Evaluation of the Model Response
True validation is often said to be reflected solely in its
ability to predict the behaviour of the system that has been
modeled.

The fact that a model is accurate does not mean it is valid!

Look at the response, the trends, and compare with actual

data or theoretical information from other sources at hand
to validate model response.