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  • What Is e

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    Momo Itachi
    19 просмотров3 страницы
    e" is a mathematical constant equal to approximately 2.718, which occurs in formulas describing growth, decay, probability, and other phenomena. It is defined as the limit of (1 + 1/n)^n as n approaches infinity. Euler was the first to study "e" extensively in the 1720s and used the letter e to represent it, though its existence was implied earlier. "e" is proven to be irrational and its value has been calculated to hundreds of millions of decimal places.

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    What is e?

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    What is e

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    e" is a mathematical constant equal to approximately 2.718, which occurs in formulas describing growth, decay, probability, and other phenomena. It is defined as the limit of (1 + 1/n)^n as n approaches infinity. Euler was the first to study "e" extensively in the 1720s and used the letter e to represent it, though its existence was implied earlier. "e" is proven to be irrational and its value has been calculated to hundreds of millions of decimal places.

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    19 просмотров3 страницы

    What Is e

    Загружено:

    Momo Itachi
    e" is a mathematical constant equal to approximately 2.718, which occurs in formulas describing growth, decay, probability, and other phenomena. It is defined as the limit of (1 + 1/n)^n as n approaches infinity. Euler was the first to study "e" extensively in the 1720s and used the letter e to represent it, though its existence was implied earlier. "e" is proven to be irrational and its value has been calculated to hundreds of millions of decimal places.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 3

    What is e?

    "e" is a numerical constant that is equal to 2.71828. Just as pi (3.14159) is


    a numerical constant that occurs whenever the circumference of a circle is
    divided by its diameter. The value of "e" is found in many mathematical
    formulas such as those describing a nonlinear increase or decrease such
    as growth or decay (including compound interest), the statistical "bell
    curve," the shape of a hanging cable or a standing arch. "e" also shows up
    in some problems of probability, some counting problems, and even the
    study of the distribution of prime numbers. In the field of nondestructive
    evaluation it is found in formulas such as those used to describe ultrasound
    attenuation in a material. The sound energy decays as it moves away from
    the sound source by a factor that is relative to "e." Because it occurs
    naturally with some frequency in the world, "e" is used as the base of
    natural logarithms.

    e is usually defined by the following equation:

    Its value is approximately 2.718 and has been calculated to 869,894,101


    decimal places by Sebastian Wedeniwski. The number e was first studied
    by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler in the 1720s, although its
    existence was more or less implied in the work of John Napier, the inventor
    of logarithms, in 1614. Euler was also the first to use the letter e for it in
    1727 (the fact that it is the first letter of his surname is coincidental). As a
    result, sometimes e is called the Euler Number, the Eulerian Number, or
    Napier's Constant. It was proven by Euler that "e" is an irrational number,
    so its decimal expansion never terminates, nor is it ever periodic.

    An effective way to calculate the value of e is not to use the defining


    equation above, but to use
    the following infinite sum of factorials. Factorials are just products of
    numbers indicated by an exclamation mark. For instance, "four factorial" is
    written as "4!" and means 1234 = 24.

    e = 1/0! + 1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3! + 1/4! + ...

    As an example, here is the computation of e to 22 decimal places:

    1/0! = 1/1 = 1.0000000000000000000000000


    1/1! = 1/1 = 1.0000000000000000000000000
    1/2! = 1/2 = 0.5000000000000000000000000
    1/3! = 1/6 = 0.1666666666666666666666667
    1/4! = 1/24 = 0.0416666666666666666666667
    1/5! = 1/120 = 0.0083333333333333333333333
    1/6! = 1/720 = 0.0013888888888888888888889
    1/7! = 1/5040 = 0.0001984126984126984126984
    1/8! = 1/40320 = 0.0000248015873015873015873
    1/9! = 1/362880 = 0.0000027557319223985890653
    1/10! = 1/3628800 = 0.0000002755731922398589065
    1/11! = 1/39916800 = 0.0000000250521083854417188
    1/12! = 1/479001600 = 0.0000000020876756987868099
    1/13! = 1/6227020800 = 0.0000000001605904383682161
    1/14! = 1/87178291200 = 0.0000000000114707455977297
    1/15! = 1/1307674368000 = 0.0000000000007647163731820
    1/16! = 1/20922789887989 = 0.0000000000000477947733239
    1/17! = 1/355687428101759 = 0.0000000000000028114572543
    1/18! = 1/6402373705148490 = 0.0000000000000001561920697
    1/19! = 1/121645101098757000 = 0.0000000000000000082206352
    1/20! = 1/2432901785214670000 = 0.0000000000000000004110318
    1/21! = 1/51091049359062800000 = 0.0000000000000000000195729
    1/22! = 1/1123974373384290000000 = 0.0000000000000000000008897
    1/23! = 1/25839793281653700000000 = 0.0000000000000000000000387
    1/24! = 1/625000000000000000000000 = 0.0000000000000000000000016
    1/25! = 1/10000000000000000000000000 = 0.0000000000000000000000001

    The sum of the values in the right column is


    2.7182818284590452353602875 which is "e."

    For more information on e, visit the the math forum at mathforum.org

    Reference: The mathforum.org

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