STRINGED INSTRUMENT - any musical instrument that produces sound by the vibration of stretched strings, which may be made of

vegetable fibre, metal, animal gut, silk, or artificial materials such as plastic or nylon. In nearly all stringed instruments the sound of the
vibrating string is amplified by the use of a resonating chamber or soundboard. The string may be struck, plucked, rubbed (bowed), or,
occasionally, blown (by the wind); in each case the effect is to displace the string from its normal position of rest and to cause it to
vibrate in complex patterns.

THE VIOLINS

If the string section is the most defining of the orchestra, the violins are generally the most defining
members of the string family .The violins carry the melody, particularly the first violins. The second
violins will often support the first violins harmony by playing it in a lower pitch. They may also frame
the first violins by playing a countermelody, or providing a rhythmic or harmonic support to the first
violins melody.

THE VIOLAS
Violas, slightly larger instruments than violins, put out a slightly deeper pitch and tone than the
violin. As such, theyre perfect foils to play rhythmic or harmonic accompaniments to the
violins, leaving the second violins free to contribute to the melody.

THE CELLOS

The cellos sound is considered to most closely resemble the human voice. Lower in pitch
and capable of deeper, warmer tones, the cello is a melodic force that rivals the violin. Due
to its richer tones, the cellos often provide counterpoint melodies to the violins. Yet the
cellos versatility also means it can be used to perform harmonic accompaniment to the
violins. A full orchestra will have anywhere from eight to twelve cellos.

THE BASS

Bass is often one of the most over-looked instruments in a musical group. Many audience
members have no idea what a bass even is. Despite this fact, bass is probably the most
critical instrument in a group. It is rare to find a performing band without a bass player. As a
budding bassist, you should be happy to know there is always a high demand for bassists
especially good ones.
The Responsibilities of the Bass Player
Traditionally, the bass performs two basic and vital functions within a band or group:
Bass provides the rhythmic foundation.
Bass provides the harmonic foundation.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or
enclosed beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is
believed to include the oldest musical instruments, following the human voice.

Piano

The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around
the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played
using a keyboard,[ which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with
the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the stringsThe Italian musical
terms piano and forte indicate "soft" and "loud" respectively,[in this context referring to the variations in
volume (i.e., loudness) produced in response to a pianist's touch or pressure on the keys: the greater
the velocity of a key press, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the strings, and the louder the
sound of the note produced and the stronger the attack.

Tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often

of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils". Classically the term tambourine
denotes an instrument with a drumhead, though some variants may not have a head at all.
Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a
stand as part of a drum kit (and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hands and
played by tapping or hitting the instrument

Snare Drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a

sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick, due to the use of a series
of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin. Snare drums are often used in
orchestras, concert bands, marching bands, parades, drumlines, drum corps, and more. It is
one of the central pieces in a drum set, a collection of percussion instruments designed to
be played by a seated drummer, which is used in many genres of music

Bass drum - A bass drum, or kick drum, is a large drum that produces a note of low
definite or indefinite pitch.
Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments. There are two main
types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes). What differentiates these instruments from
other wind instruments is the way in which they produce their sound

Piccolo/pklo/ (Italian
pronunciation: [pikkolo]; Italian for "small", but
named ottavino in Italy) is a half-sizeflute, and a
member of the woodwind family of musical
instruments. The modern piccolo has most of the
same fingerings as its larger sibling, the standard
transverse flute, but the sound it produces is an octave higher than written. This gave rise to the
name ottavino (Italian for "little octave"), the name by which the instrument is referred to in the scores of Italian
composers

Double clarinet refers to any of several woodwind instruments consisting of two

parallel pipes made of cane,bird bone, or metal, played simultaneously, with
a single reed for each. Commonly, there are five or six tone holes in each pipe, or
holes in only one pipe while the other acts as a drone, and the reeds are either cut
from the body of the instrument or created by inserting smaller, slit tubes into the
ends of the pipes. The player typically uses circular breathing.

The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family

that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and
occasionally the treble. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th
century, the bassoon figures prominently inorchestral, concert band,
and chamber music literature

The saxophone (also referred to as the sax) is a family of woodwind

instruments. Saxophones are usually made ofbrass and played with a single-
reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. Like the clarinet, saxophones
have holes in the instrument which the player closes using a system of key
mechanisms. When the player presses a key, a pad either covers a hole or lifts
off a hole, lowering or raising the pitch, respectively
A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with
the vibration of the player's lips. Brass instruments are also calledlabrosones, literally meaning "lip-vibrated instruments".

The Soprano cornet is pitched in Eb and is the highest cornet in pitch available on the market.
It can be found only in brass bands and plays the high notes that would not be as comfortable
to get on a normal Bb Cornet.
The soprano cornet is notorious for being hard to keep in tune throughout its entire range.

Eb/ D trumpets
These are pitched higher than the normal Bb trumpet.
These are especially useful for orchestral playing to aid transposition.
Also useful for them high passages to aid security and ease of playing.

French horn

Is over 6 meters in length

Pitched in F, the horn has the largest range of any brass instrument of over 4
octaves.
Double horns have a fourth valve which diverts the air into the Bb tuning so allows
the horn to sound a fourth higher.
Conical bore so produces a big, warm sound

Helicon, a large, valved bass brass instrument that is a member of the tuba family.
Developed in 1845 by Ignaz Stowasser of Vienna, it has a spiral circular form that allows the
helicons bell (the flared end of the instrument) to rest on the players left shoulder and, thus, makes
the instrument relatively easy to carry in marching or horseback military bands, for which it was
designed.
Native instruments are variations of those used by other cultures, but the way that they have been applied to song and storytelling
makes them unique as a cultural representation. While not every tribe or nation used the same instruments, or used them in the same
way.

Skin Drum

Eagle bone Whistles

Container Rattles

Flute