HVAC 02 Heat Exchanger

Heat, Ventilation &
Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Heat Exchanger
Department of Maritime Studies Hochschule Wismar

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael Rachow
E-Mail: michael.rachow@hs-wismar.de
www.hs-wismar.de
Dept. of Marine Engineering ITS

Sutopo Purwono Fitri, Ph.D.
Email: sutopopf@its.ac.id
www.its.ac.id
PM 24 Heat Ventilation and Air Condition 04/2012
Heat Exchanger 2
I. Boiler II. Heat Exchanger III. Fuels
IV. Combustion V. Firing System VI. Combustion Air

Calculation Supplying
VII. Feed Water VIII. Water Steam IX. Condensate

Circulation Management
X. Legal Regulations XI. Safety Equipment XII. Boiler Damage
XII. Thermal Oil XIV. Boiler Operation

Heat Exchanger 3
Key Aspects
Classification of heat exchangers

Basics of heat transfer
Partition wall heat exchangers
Tube- and plate heat exchangers
Design bases
surface heat exchangers
radiation heat exchangers
operation characteristic
Heat Exchanger 4
Classification of Heat Exchangers along the

Physical Working Principle
Heat
Exchangers
Partition Wall Intermediate

Mixture Heat Storage Heat
Heat Circuit Heat
Exchangers Exchangers
Exchangers Exchangers
Heat Exchanger 5
Basics Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is provided by:

radiation
convection
conduction
In practice convection and conduction occur

simultaneously, often said as convection, but meant as
convection and conduction
Heat Exchanger 6
Size of Transferred Heat Flow Depends on:
Type of heat exchanger
Medium and its physical properties
Flow velocity in exchanger
Material of heat exchanger
arrangement in layers
physical properties of material-type
thickness of material
Heat Exchanger 7
Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Medium 1
Medium 2
(Heat source)
(Heat sink)
Medium temperature 1
Wall thickness
L1 of layer 1
Heat Exchanger 8

Medium 1
Medium 2
(Heat source)
(Heat sink)
1 Heat ransfer
from medium 1 to
the wall
Wall thickness
L1 of layer 1
Heat Exchanger 9

Medium 1
Medium 2
(Heat source)
(Heat sink)
1 Heat
conduction in
1 Heat ransfer the wall
from medium 1 to
the wall
Wall thickness
L1 of layer 1
Heat Exchanger 10

Medium 1
Medium 2
(Heat source)
(Heat sink)
1 Heat
conduction in
1 Heat ransfer the wall
from medium 1 to 2 Heat transfer
the wall
from the wall to medium 2
Wall thickness
L1 of layer 1
Heat Exchanger 11

Medium 1
Medium 2
(Heat source)
(Heat sink)
1 Heat
conduction in
1 Heat ransfer the wall Q k A m
from medium 1 2 Heat transfer
to the wall
from the wall to
medium 2 1
k n
1 L 1
i
Medium temperature 2 1 i 1 i 2
Wall
L1 thickness of
layer 1
Heat Exchanger 12
Basic Types of Tube Heat Exchangers
G K
A
B S
m

ln B
S
Co-current
Heat Exchanger 13
G K G
A
B S
A
m

ln B
S
Co-current Counter current

Heat Exchanger 14
G
G K G
K
K
A
B S
A
m

A
ln B
S
Co-current Counter current Cross counter current

Heat Exchanger 15
Tube Heat Exchanger
1 Cover connecting piece

2 Jacket connecting piece
3 Thermometer
4 Jacket
5 Inner tube
6 Return disc with spacer
7 Tube sheet/Tube plate
8 Return cover
9 Stand
10 Drain cock
Heat Exchanger 16
Tube Heat Exchangers

Heat Exchanger 17
Embodiments of Plate Heat Exchangers
Source: http://www.separationequipment.com/marineexchangers.htm
Heat Exchanger 18
Single Plates Inner the Plate Package
Sealing of a single plate
Sources:
http://wcrbenelux.nl/site/content/view/12/13/lang,en/
Heat Exchanger 19
Calculation Basis
Q k A m
1
k n
1 Li 1

1 i 1 i 2
B S
m
B
ln
S
Heat Exchanger 20
Calculation along Operation Characteristics
Often only the entry temperatures for a specific heat

exchanger are given
exit temperatures are not quantifiable by the balance

procedure
exit temperatures attune in subject to mass flows

Heat Exchanger 21

exchanger are given
Exit temperatures are not quantifiable by the balance

procedure
Exit temperatures attune in subject to mass flows
If the mass flows and the specific thermal capacities are

known, the operation characteristic can be used
Heat Exchanger 22
Calculation Along Operation Characteristics

exchanger are given
exit temperatures are not quantifiable by the balance
procedure
exit temperatures attune in subject to mass flows
If the mass flows and the specific thermal capacities are

known, the operation characteristic can be used
heat exchangers is simulated in x parallel standard
transfer units
NTU-method (Net Transfer Unit)
NTU as non-dimensional variable of the heat exchanger

Heat Exchanger 23
Ruler is used for medium flow 1 and 2 of the heat

exchanger
Non-dimensional temperature change
Non-dimensional temperature flow ratio
Thermal capacitiy flow

Inlet condition `
Outlet condition ``
Heat Exchanger 24
Cross counter current

heat exchanger
Heat Exchanger 25
Cross co-counter
current heat exchanger
Heat Exchanger 26
Heat Transfer by Radiation into Cylindrical Cross-Section
1
K Thickness of the wall in m
1 1

EG
Radiation Steam Coefficient for thermal conduction in W/mK
Coefficient of heat transfer in W/mK
Coefficient of heat transfer exhaust gas to wall
Nu
EG

d
in W/mK d Outer wall diameter of the heat exchanger tube in m
Re from to C m
1 4 0,891 0,330
Nusseltzahl 4 40 0,821 0,385
40 4000 0,615 0,466
Nu 1,11 C Re Pr
m 0 , 31
4000 40000 0,174 0,618
40000 400000 0,024 0,805
Reynoldszahl cd
Re
EG
c p , EG 10
3
Pr
EG EG
Prandtlzahl
Wall
Heat Exchanger 27
Heat Transfer by Radiation

K
1 Thickness of the wall in m
1 1
Coefficient for thermal conduction in W/mK
EG
Radiation Steam
Coefficient of heat transfer in W/mK
Coefficient for heat transfer of gas radiation to wall
Radiation Wall G (TG ) T G G (TW ) T W

4

4
1
in W/mK
T G T W
Emission coefficient of the gas
G
CO 2 H 2O
Heat Exchanger 28
Example Calculation Heat Exchanger

A partitional wall heat exchanger in counter current construction shall be used as oilcooler for a
generator diesel engine. Check, if the oilcooler is dimensionend amply to the given conditions.
Given:
Power of generator diesel engine Pe = 750 kW
Heat flow to be discharged by oil Q = 3 % Pe
Area of heat exchanger A = 2,4 m
Thickness of the wall d = 1,5 mm
Scale deposition d = 0,1 mm
Cooling water inlet temperature CWI = 14 C

Cooling water outlet temperature CWO = 17 C
Oil inlet temperature oilin = 56 C
Oil outlet temperature oilout = 51 C
Coefficient for conduction oil-wall 1 = 500 W/(m K)

Coefficient for heat transfer wall Wall = 54,5 W/(m K)
Coefficient for heat transfer scale scale = 1,4 W/(m K)
Coefficient for conduction wall-water 2 = 600 W/(m K)

HVAC 02 Heat Exchanger

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Heat, Ventilation &

Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Department of Maritime Studies Hochschule Wismar

Dept. of Marine Engineering ITS

I. Boiler II. Heat Exchanger III. Fuels

IV. Combustion V. Firing System VI. Combustion Air

VII. Feed Water VIII. Water Steam IX. Condensate

X. Legal Regulations XI. Safety Equipment XII. Boiler Damage

XII. Thermal Oil XIV. Boiler Operation

Classification of heat exchangers

Partition wall heat exchangers

Tube- and plate heat exchangers

surface heat exchangers

radiation heat exchangers

Classification of Heat Exchangers along the

Partition Wall Intermediate

Basics Heat Transfer

Heat transfer is provided by:

In practice convection and conduction occur

Size of Transferred Heat Flow Depends on:

Type of heat exchanger

Medium and its physical properties

Flow velocity in exchanger

Material of heat exchanger

physical properties of material-type

Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Partitional Wall Heat Exchangers

Basic Types of Tube Heat Exchangers

Basic Types of Tube Heat Exchangers

Co-current Counter current

Basic Types of Tube Heat Exchangers

Co-current Counter current Cross counter current

Tube Heat Exchanger

1 Cover connecting piece

Tube Heat Exchangers

Embodiments of Plate Heat Exchangers

Single Plates Inner the Plate Package

Sealing of a single plate

Calculation along Operation Characteristics

Often only the entry temperatures for a specific heat

exit temperatures are not quantifiable by the balance

exit temperatures attune in subject to mass flows

Calculation along Operation Characteristics

Often only the entry temperatures for a specific heat

Exit temperatures are not quantifiable by the balance

Exit temperatures attune in subject to mass flows

If the mass flows and the specific thermal capacities are

Calculation Along Operation Characteristics

Often only the entry temperatures for a specific heat

If the mass flows and the specific thermal capacities are

NTU as non-dimensional variable of the heat exchanger

Calculation along Operation Characteristics

Ruler is used for medium flow 1 and 2 of the heat

Non-dimensional temperature change

Non-dimensional temperature flow ratio

Thermal capacitiy flow

Cross counter current

Heat Transfer by Radiation into Cylindrical Cross-Section

Heat Transfer by Radiation

Radiation Wall G (TG ) T G G (TW ) T W

Emission coefficient of the gas