Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1. SINGLE-EFFECT CALCULATIONS
The use of material balances, entalphy balances, and the capacity equation (16.1) in the design
of single-effect evaporators is shown in Example 16.1.
Solution
Vapor
Steam
Condensate
Steam Consumption
Since with strong solutions of NaOH the heat of dilution is not negligible, the rate of heat
transfer is found from Eq. (16.4) and Fig. 16.8. The vaporization temperature of t50 %
solution at a pressure of 100 mmHg is found as follows.
The enthalpies of the feed and thick liquor are found from Fig. 16.8
Feed, 20 % solids, 100 F Hf = 55 Btu/lb
Thick Liquor, 50 % solids, 197 F H = 221 Btu/lb
The enthalpy of the vapor leaving the evaporator is found from steam tables, The entalphy of
superheated water vapor at 197 F and 1.93 lbf/in is 1,149 Btu/lb This is the Hv.
The heat of vaporization of steam at gauge pressure of 20 lbf/in is, from Appendix 7,
939 Btu/lb
The rate of heat transfer and the steam consumption can now be found from Eq. (16.4).
= _ _=( _ ( ) )_ _ _+
()H
= _ _=( _ ( ) )_ _ _+
()H
14,456,000 Btu/hr
ms = = 15,395 lb/hr = 6,986 kg/hr
939 Btu/lb
A single-effect evaporator is used to concentrate 7 kg/s of a solution from 10 to 50
percent of solids.