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INDIA
BEI N G A R E P R I NT O F L E A FL E T S
I SS U E D BY TH E E AST INDIA
A SSO C I AT I O N FR O M 1 909 TO 1 91 3
C
W I TH O E W O RD
A F R BY
TH E R I G HT H O N LO R D A M P TH ILL,
. GC I E
. . .
A ND A P R E FA C E BY
J. B . PE N N I N G T O N A ND J. P O LLE N
L O N DO N
TH E E A ST INDIA A SS O C I A T I O N
WE STM I N S TE R C H AM B E R S , 3 V I C T O RI A S T RE E T ,
S W .
1 91 3
FO REWO RD
3 9 8i3 0 f)
vi
v e rs
y is taken i nto accou nt T hey are .all o f t h e na t ure o f
the soft answer which tu rneth away wrath N ow if it were .
,
this cou nt r y are from tim e t o time exposed to bitter calu mny ;
that is o n e of the evil fru i t s o f our so cal led progress
-
.
so that in the end both sides can cry quits B ut B ritish .
Life i n I ndia has many hard trials even for those who have
g ood appoi ntments and who are most attached to the co u ntry
an d the people E xile from hom e an d separation from
.
i ncl ine them to regard with gratitude rather than with envy
those who are doing work for wh ich the B ritish nation is
responsible and upholding B ritish tradi t ions o f j ustice
, ,
AM P T H I LL .
M I L T O N E RNEST H A LL ,
B ED FO RD,
j un e 2 8, 1
91 3 .
P R E FAC E
p ression o f the fact no t hi ng therefore seems m ore , ,
A bsol ute truth is of course u nattai nable in this
, ,
illusions towards truth as D r Abbott says S o the leaets
, . .
, .
,
as the consol idatio n o f u nion between E ngland and I ndia ,
tr u st
.
called O riental izing ) could be el imi nated from con
t ro v e r s y
,
there would we are persuaded be far less
, ,
p rogress o f course impl ies u nrest
, ,
b u t su ch u nres t
ix 1
P f
r e a r
need n o t necessarily be the S i g n of anyth in g u nwhole
some o r i ndeed o f anything m ore seriou s than the
, , ,
E ast They are really only at the begi nning of thei r work
.
J B P E N N I N G TON
. . .
J O H N P OLLE N
.
C O N TE N TS
I TH E TRUTH A B OUT TH E DRAIN
.
II I TH E S I LVER L ININ G AN D INDIA S C LOUD
.
F RENCH STUDENT
BRITISH RU L E IN INDIA
TH E TRUTH A B OUT L O RD M O R L EY S RE F O RMS ; O R I s INDI A
VI
v
.
,
MIS G OVERNED P
$ VI I BRITIS H RU L E IN INDIA
.
REVENUE OF I NDIA
THE P R ESENT SITUATI ON
M R K EIR H A RDIE O N THE NATIVE STATES
.
W HAT I s TH E TR U TH AB OU T TH E C ONDITI ON OF TH E
INDIAN PEOP L E $
THE NEED FOR TRUTH AB OUT INDI A N A G RICU L TU RE
THE TRUTH A S TO THE EMP L OYMENT O F INDIANS IN THE
SERVICE O F THEIR C O U NTRY so FAR As TH E PUN J AB IS
,
C ONCERNED
XIV CO OPERATIVE B A N K S A N O BJ ECT L ESS O N F R OM INDIA
.
-
: -
IN TH E PUNJ AB
XVIII A G RIC UL T U R AL INDEBTEDNESS AND THE A L IENATI O N OF
.
LA ND IN THE P U N J A B
XIX THE C O NDITI O N O F TH E PE OP L E IN THE P U N J AB
.
Con ten t$
NO .
XX I
u THE A LL E G ED DESTR U CTI O N BY EN GLAND O F INDI A N
.
INDI G EN OU S INDUSTRIES
XXII THE A BS ORPTI ON O F G OL D A ND SI L VER BY INDI A
.
,
W HAT IT ME A NS
TH E LAST W ATCH O F TH E NI G HT
x xI I I .
x xv x TH E TR U TH A B O U T RAI L W A YS
.
X XVII
TH E C O ST O F TH E INDI A N G O VERNMENT
.
INDI A N G OVERNMENT
x x I x MR HYNDMAN TH E TIMES AND TH E TR U TH A B OUT
. .
,
,
TH E DR A IN
1 65
TH E T R U T H A B O U T
TH E D R A I N
W HA T are the facts abo u t the drai n o f I ndia s wealth i nto
Great B ritai n $ I t has been assumed that there is a drai n ,
ofcial drai n is i ncluded i n what are known as the home
charges and these home charges for the th ree years
,
( )
1 I nterest o n m oney due o r borrowed
( ch iey for railways , e t c.
) about
( )
2 Pu rchase o f stores
(3 ) M il itary charges ( includi ng pe nsions )
( 4) C i vil char g es ( incl ud ing pensions )
as a drain because i n retu rn fo r this m oney I nd ia has
,
k n ow n payments t here is a n u nknown drain on I ndia s
,
'
the former state o f I ndia They fou nd the com mon people .
thus
I n d amon g st the Con g ress party consisti n g o f the ,
that the same phe nomenon appears i n the B ritish Colon ies
and in the U ni t ed S tates and yet that t hese are the m ost
,
much more than repay her for the i n t erest she has to rem it
to E n g land B u t at present these truths are very d iml y
.
rea h ze df
At p 1 86 o f h is
. E ssays o n I ndian E conomics
,
politicians .
Ap r i l , 1 90 9 .
6 Tr n t/zs a b ou t I n dia
f
t r a t i on d oes m or e f p or t b e m a ss es o tb e p
eo l e ii
This is
strong language but I am convi nced that any Socialist who
,
the cultivators holdin g direc tly from the S tate and occ u py ,
6 d to 4 5 per acre
. . There is com m u nal grazing l and
.
-
who appl ies for it witho u t any char g e other than the ann ual
,
l and tax H ills and j u ngl e and river tracts are u nder the
-
.
Th e i ta li c s a e o u s r r .
T/ze Tr u th a b ou t t b e Gover n m en t o
f n di a
I 7
earn a l ivelihood .
I ndia has al ways been subj ect to oft recu rrin g fami ne -
,
compared to the terrible calam ities res u l ting from the famines
of former times .
absorption o f abo u t pou nds worth o f impo rted
b u ll ion a great part of which is used for the manu fact u re of
,
than formerly .
will spend th ree or fo u r years in come o n h is son s marriag e ,
the nature o f rent paid to the com m u nity for the privile g e
o f occ u pying to the exclusion of others what is really the
, ,
co u ntry they are still den ied a free use o f the publ ic roads ,
people .
it x
== x
==
X
>=
I
=<
and therefore avoidable evils than the H i ndu
, .
Ap r i l , 1 90 9 .
III
T H E S I LV E R L I N I N G AN D I NDIA S
C LO U D
fo r y ears Further tb e p r om i se s a n d p l edg es of $ u een
.
,
Vi c t or i a m a d e f ty y ea r s ag o r em a i n u nfu l l l ed
eve ry
e l e m en ta r i ce i n b
y g
r i /i t o
f t b c I n d i a n p eo p l e t o a vo t e
g f
over n m en t o t /zei r ow n cou n t r
y b a s b ee n d en i e d ; p l a ue
g ,
all ,
t/ze c l ou d b a s r em a i n ed p a ss i ve sa ve f or occa s i on a l p er
t u r ba t i on s i n tb c s /za e of r i ots a n d a s t r on st r eu e or t w o
p g
o f b o m b l g
z n t nin
g
.
to prove by arg u ment fou nded upon rel iable data that Dr
, , .
R utherford s accusations are so r e mote from the real ity as
to be absol u tely grotesqu e and even l udicrou s b u t a reply
,
12
1 4 Tr u t/t s a b ou t I n di a
t /ze s i n i st er b a r of col ou r i n I n dia $ F i nally is there ,
r u m i n a t e on t/ze r ep l
y .
there in the closest touch with the people honestly bel iev e ,
the people o f I ndia as if they were unanimo u s i n senti
ment o r possessed o f anyth ing i n c ommon except that they
,
B engal to which h e refers as
,
c on ce i ved i n si n a nd
m a u r ed
t i n s t e e t b i f
s p i ece o C u r e on i a n i n i u i t
q y t n i s ,
a c cu r sed t r a n sa ct i on L or d C u r z on s c r i m e
,
S ome men .
r en e w e
j d f u st i i
ca t on , or i t b a s been en t i r e
ly j i fi ed by u st
I t w a s i mpossible t o c a rr y o u t s u ch a l ar g e
'
r es u l ts .
g ,
t ion o n the pri nciple o f
, a weak case abuse you r ad versary , .
fo u ntain head I n an article recently published i n L Op i n i on
-
.
,
Wi tnout a d ou b t tb i s E ng l i s l i r u l e i s n ot w b ol ly g ood
r e or m l i a s fa i l ed N
. m or e tb a n on e f e i t b er . e du c a t i on , n or tb e
1 6 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n di a
a d m n i st r a t i on
i of j i
u s t ce , n or l eg i sl a t i on kow ever , ca r e f ul ly
c on s i de r ed i t m ay k a ve been i s en t i r ely a b ove c r i t i ci s m B u t
,
.
p p
o u l a t i on a pp r oves at l ea st by i ts s i l en ce a n d a t b ottom
,
m or e c om p a ct t r oop f
o a m b i t i ou s p eop l e bl a me an d m en a ce
Gover n men t . B u t tk ei r n u m b er is n ot i mp os i ng , n or is
t /zei r for ce r ed ou b ta bl e . A l so i n , s p i te of tb c a w a k en i n
g f
o
A s i a E ng l a n d
,
n ee d n ot at p r esen t t r em bl e f or t ke du r a t i on
of k er r ul e . Tb e p eop l e a nd t k ei r t r a d i t i on a l and m or a l
i n t er ests a r e a t on e w i t k k er , so a l s o in ou r o p i n i on are t k ei r
p r esen t and m a ter i a l i n t er es ts .
Th e silver l i ni ng to I ndia s cloud is D r Rutherford ,
.
suggests the K in g s P roclamation Th e importance of tha t
,
.
I N D I A N A D M I N I S TRA TI O N A S I T S TR I K E S
A D I S T I N G U I S H E D F R E N C H S TU D E N T
J O SEPH C HA I LL EY .
I f we may borrow from I n d i a it is never labou r l o s t ,
they are aided and abetted by some o f t heir bro t hers i n the
Afghan domi nion I n the interior of I ndia i n more than
.
,
I 7
1 8 Tr u tks a b ou t I n di a
She has imposed peace i ns u red the sec u rity o f person and ,
number into the exec u tion o f this task and has reserved ,
benevolent despotism .
Accou nts D ist rict J u dges and Collectors ) these earn from
, ,
responsible .
doubtless bel ieved ( they all bel ieved it in th ose days ) that
education i n itself was su f cient to effect a rapid change i n
the m ental o u tlook of a people .
t he lettered class
by a term n o t t o o inaccu rate
,
It
, .
and the coll eges They were glad to procure for them
.
selves far from the full ment o f their high est hopes .
and these are some o f their complai nts at the present tim e
E ngland rules ri g orously and appropriates some o f the ,
That is why she passes so many measu res wh ich are con
t r a r y to her o w n i nterests and contrary to th e sentiments o f
her subjects .
make room for some I ndians i n th e V iceroy s C ou ncil i n ,
by the E xec u tive but let there be room made for man y
,
everyone s sake that she will continue to advance fo r a
,
. May ,
V
B R I TI S H R U L E I N I N D I A
A R E P LY TO A R E C E N T A ME R I C A N M A N I FE S T O O N THE
S U B JE C T
BY S YDN EY B R OO K S
1 .
Th e people
I ndia have no voice whatever i n the
of
civil cases over I ndians and E u rop eans ali ke that natives
,
2
.No t a tax can be changed not a rupee o f th e ,
new reform s p roposed by Lord M orley will effect n o
To
day fu lly 1 0 0 editors are serving term s of from
3 .
have u nder g one this form o f p u nish ment i n the last two
years a form o f p u nishment let me add constantly r e , ,
4 . I n I ndia the mere d isc u ssion o f reforms is pu nished
by open o r secret imprison ment N o more rid ic u lo u s .
b ut discu ss reform s all the years of its existence and ,
5 .
T here is no I ndian h om e that i s n o t liable at any
hou r o f the day o r ni g ht to be forcibly ent ered and searched
at the insti g ation o f spy in g pol ice There is no I ndian .
h u rried away to an u n k nown prison I f th is is really s o .
7
I ndia governed herself for tho u sands o f years
7
. .
better title .
8
.
There is no record o f I ndian wars so bad as the
Thirty Years War i n Germany and none that compare at ,
Years War th rust Germany back 1 5 0 years i n the scale o f '
N apoleon s achievements were q u ite on that scale As for .
revived .
I
3 .
T h e terri ble fami nes i n I ndia are not caused b y
any lack of food bu t by an abj ect poverty bro u ght abo u t
,
remit the whole of the land reven u e and abol ish the salt ,
tax and the C u stoms d u ties a n d l n di a wo u ld still be abj ectl y
, .
14
. Th e annual tribute paid by I ndia to E n g land is rated
a t fro m $ 1 2 to I n the ordinary
and recognized sense of th e word no tribu te whatever is ,
and literal l y right i n assertin g that all the moneys raised from
I ndia are spent i n I ndia Th e s u ms d u e fro m I nd ia i n th is
.
way are act u ally paid for by the excess o f exports over i m
ports and the a u thors o f the amazi n g manifesto I am e riti
,
tribu te to E n g land $ o r are the a u thors o f the manifesto
ta l king nonsense
I 5.
Th e rail road policy o f I ndia is controlled wholly by
the prospect of strate g ic val u e and nan cial ret u rn t o E ngland .
from them g o i nto the pockets o f E ngl ish men ; they are
b u i l t w h e r e they w ill be o f m ost advantage to the E n g l ish
'
the fatuous allegation that l ines have been bu ilt for the
advantag e o f a few tho u sand E ngl ishm en o r coul d p o s ,
M ay , 1 90 9 .
VI
T H E TR U TH A B O U T L O R D M O R L E Y S
RE F O R M S ; OR I S I N D I A M I SGOV E RN E D
,
( B Y A C O NS ERVA TI VE I N D I AN )
LO R D M O R L EY S reforms have been conceived boldly and
generously and i n a spiri t wh i c h redou nds to the credit
,
G reat B ritai n has done its part nobly and consisten tly with
her great traditions in thu s i nau g u rating cons t it u tional
changes of a far reaching character i n the machinery o f the
-
received .
is no concession to violence O n the other hand Lord
.
,
the most perverse and misgu ided will readily admit that the
people o f I ndia have n o t simply b e e n r u l ed by G reat B ritai n
so that the very cry for reforms and chan g es fu rnish es the
most eloq u ent testi mony that E ngland s rule i n I ndia for the
last fty years has been a steady and mighty lever i n
uplifting the pol itical ideas and aspirations o f a people who
were i nnocent o f s u ch ideas all th rou g h their past h isto ry .
c han g es are not the res u lt o f any pol itical cataclysm brough t
,
M P s should not for the sake of sensation or notoriety or
. .
,
administration of I ndia .
of meetin g the g rowi n g pol itical amb itions and aspi ration s
o f the people as they becom e tter day by day f o r a lar g er
,
race and race and sect and sect that can real ize th e d i f
, ,
g et a very different idea indeed of the present situation .
is tted to receive it .
will have rst to demol ish th e reli g io u s and social d istin ction
of the I ndian caste system and if they begin doi ng any ,
Lord M orley s reforms will therefore requ ire the utmost
energies o f the I ndians i n the direction of t hei r social
reformation before they can bear good fruit .
j u ly . I 9O9
3 8 Tr u t/cs a b ou t I n di a
one of which has what is called the D istrict B oard
.
3 2 members of
,
whom 2 5 are natives and abou t o n e hal f,
-
These natives are learning sel f govern ment ; b u t as -
,
i ncapable o f sel f g overn ment and if left to them sel ves the
-
,
bu t for the mass of the people it is the only tax they hav e
to pay and the amo u nt of salt used by a family is so small
,
taxed thi rteen times more than I ndia There is no cou ntry .
never had a better G overn ment than th e present I t is .
T H E S I M P L E A R I TH M E T I C A L TR U T H A B O U T
TH E L A N D R E V E N U E O F I N D I A
5
or a little over 1 9 pence say 1 5 8d . .
1
,
an na an acre in the dry tracts where the land is only ,
39
40 Tr u t /i s a bou t I n di a
H ardie s assertion made at a p u blic meeting at wh ich S i r ,
p u blished that over a g reat part of I ndia the Govern
ment wrung from the peasants 7 5 per cent of the y ield .
1 84 2 4 3 -
Ab o u t 6 0 0
p er c en t .
1 85 2 5 3 -
1 86 2 - 6 3
1 87 2 7 3 -
377
1 882 83
I O
3
-
1 89 2 9 3 -
28 0
1 9 0 2 -
0
3 3 0 0
1
90 6 -
0 7 29 0
$
avoidable tax that on salt has been enormously decreased
, , ,
Th e et il s el li g p i c e o f s al t v i e s o w f o m b ou t R s 3 ( i t wo
r a n r ar n r a . n
dis t i c t s l y ) t o b o t R 5 m d of 8 2} l bs o f o m a th e o v e
r on a u S . 1 a au n 2 .
, r r r r r
l b h m o e th a I d I th e P j a b M ad as B mb y
d . 9
. t.o t e ra r r n d o . a n un ,
r , an
( wh e e irt is s lly c h ea p e s t ) i t a v e a g e s l e ss t h
u ua R s a m
, a d o ot r an . 2 un , r n
q ui t e d o bl eu t h e d t y l e vi d by t h e S t te
u B fo wee h d ilw ys we a . e re a ra a
u s e d to c al c l at e t h t t h e p i c e w d bl e fo e ve y h d ed mi l e s o f
u a r as ou r r un r
tra n sp o t ; a d as t h e G o ve m e t d t y w t o n e t im e R s 3 3} i t m ay b e
r n rn n u as a .
A r i tk m et i ca l Tr u t/i a bou t t k e L a n d R e ven u e o f I n di a 41
1 86 6 - 7 0
1 87 1 7 5 -
1 87 6 80 -
1 88 1 85 -
1 886 9 0 -
1 89 1 9
5
-
1 89 6 -
00 1
1 90 1
-
0 6
that the actual increase i n the revenue from land has been
very g rad u al and extremely moderate Accordin g to th e .
W ho wo u l d imagine after reading M r O D o n n e l l s , .
R I I a 5 p at the latter .
$ Th e enclos u re to a paper
.
im ag i e d wh at th e p i c e was ve o six h d e d mi l e s f o m th e s o c e o f
n r r un r r ur
s pply I t is o t th e w ei g h t o f t h e t x th a t m atte s w b t o ly t h
u . n a r no , u n e
m op oly i ts el f Th e v e y lib e a l a ll o w a n c e o f a m a d of l t fo
on . r r un sa r a
f mi l y w ou l d c s t n ow f o m R s 3 t o R S 3 a y ea o f o m
a o r to 4 . 1 . r, r r 25 . 5 .
s y f
a ,
t o e i g h t d ys l b ou
our o o g hly an i c o m e ta x o f f
a a r, m to r, r u , n ro 1
2 p e c e
rn t ( c o d i g.t o o e s pl ac e o f e sid e c e) o
ac r n g oss ea i g s
n r n n r rn n .
42 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n d i a
O D o n n e l l s wild and reckless charges I t shows i n brief .
, ,
These rates are of cou rse excl usive of water rate for
, ,
-
,
m u ch for I ndia and will yet do so m u ch more ( A
,
p.
)
2 82 :
We have seldom read an ofcial reply to non o f c i a l -
a dmission tha t I ndian gu res come o u t second best o n
-
44 Tr u tks a b ou t I n di a
Y ea rs S p t L kh en a s .
1 90 3 4 98
-
1 90 4 5
-
86
1 90 5 6 1 28
-
1 90 6 7 1 73
-
1
90 7 8 1 89
-
1 90 89 -
2 1 2 ( p ro b a b l e)
Th e Gov ern ment has more than once stated that w hen
a programm e is about to be p u t i n to force the whole allot
-
,
all th ese things take time and we have ere now been ,
S ep tem b er , 1 909 .
46 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n di a
S h ya m aj i s tenets claim abo u t forty to fty students ou t o f a
col ony o f seven hu ndred you ng I ndians M r G okhal e . .
promised to revert t o the subj ect o f stu dents and pol i t ics
o n another occasio n and we have no dou bt h is observations
,
agitation g rew in i n t ensi t y and vol ume since the establ ish
ment o f th e Congress As M r Gokhale maintained the. .
,
creed th e war cry o f a party caught men s m i nds
,
-
,
obeyin g N atu re s laws i n revolting against o u r bondage
and fo r securing o u r freedom th e Government have a ,
48 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n dia
ri g ht to say We h ave sec u red dominion over you and
, ,
fo r H eaven s vengeance upon thei r opp ressors Su ch an .
S ep temb er , 1 90 9 .
x
M R K E I R H AR D I E O N THE N A TI V E S TA T E S
.
( C HAPTER XII . OF H I S VO L U ME cc
I NDI A ) A
was taken in 1 86 2 du ring Lord Cann i n g s Viceroyalty
, ,
b ei ng d es i r ou s t/za t t b c Gover n m en ts f
o tke seve a l r P i
r n ces
and Ck i ef f s o I n di a w k o n ow ove r n t ke i r ow n te r r i t or i es
g
'
au g u ra t ed .
50 Tr u t /i s a b ou t I n di a
i ng en u i ty cou l d d o w a s d on e t o m a ke tb c r et u r n to N a t i ve
Gover n m en t as p oss i bl e
d i Wh o were these
cu l t as
therefore pres u mably lim ite d to the thirteen years preced ing .
the political ofcer s b u siness is to check wanton e xt r a v a
g ance o n private expenditu re and the ne g lect of publ ic
req u irements no one would quarrel with the description ;
,
a g ain the context shows that abo u t 3 0 0 is the n um ber
,
I mp e r i a l Gove r n m en t k a s n ow becom e p r a c t i ca l l y a c om
p u l s or
y c k a rg e on t ke N a t i ve S ta tes f or all t i m e to com e
.
a ra i n
p g g everythin g we have done i n I ndia ) adds that these .
troops are kept sol ely a n d ex cl u s i vely f or tk e u se of tke
B r i ti sk Gover n m en t and that mu ch discontent h as thereby,
been caused he is usi ng lang u a g e for which there is no
,
K al i at Calc u tta processions to her s hri ne w here , ,
as little as does the statement that t /ze Ga ekw a r i s a
I i i n du , bu t ki s s ec on d Ck i ef j u s t cei is a d i st i ng u i s/i ed
M u l za m m a da n
.
M r K eir H ardie s attention however is directed towards
.
, ,
and t ke sa m e,
s u r el tb i s c on s t i t u t es ect i on
I
re
y a sa a
'
B r i t t s/i m et kods ( parenthetically we may remark tha t
sl za ke n t ke m sel ves fr ee fr om i t
is a characteristic ex
pression wh ich i n this connection seems to be absolutel y
, ,
M r K eir H ardie has m istaken the r a i son d et r e o f the
.
step is contemplated .
I ndia i n th e present sta g e of the people s dev elopment ,
To concl u de o u r observations on th is g entleman s advice
t o u s fou nded o n h is very slender experience o f N ative
,
a n tki n better tted f self govern ment than are many
y g o r -
,
o f the N ative S tates b u t t o a d m i t t /zi s w ou l d b e to des t r oy
t /i e u n derp i n n i ng up on w ki ck B r i tt s /i s up r e m a c r est s
'
y .
o r ow n fellow su bj ects an yth in g wh ich those o f N ative
u
able bei ng that M r K eir H ardie s s u ggestions and a p p r e
.
mark .
Novemb er ,
1 90 9 .
XI
W H A T I S T H E TR U T H A B O U T
TH E C O N D I TI O N O F T H E I N D I A N P E O P L E $
reign o f the great Akb r ( perhaps the m ost enl igh tened
soverei g n of his day ) for compariso n with the condition o f ,
Th e e i g h teen t h c e n t u r y, s a ys
m os t ea s o a bl e I dia a r ec e n t a n d r n n n
w ri ter , M r S K D a tta wa s.
. o e of . wf l bl oodsh ed N ev e h ad t h e
, n a u . r
p eo pl e b e e s h a ss e d o w so iv e s a l A eye wi t e ss tel ls u t h a t
n o ar , r ar un r . n -
n s
th e i v d e s bu
n a e d t h e h ou s e s t o g e t h e
r rn wi t h t h e i m a tes sl a g h te e d r n , u r
o t h e s wi t h t h e sw o d a d l a c e h a l i g o ff i to c a p t ivi t y m i d e s a d
r r n n , u n n a n n
y o t hs m e a d w o m e
u , n D is t i c t s whi c h h d b ee o c e t hi c k l y p o p u l at e d
n n . r a n n
w e e sw ep t b a e o f i h bi ta t s
r r Th e De si e o f I d i a p
n a n r n , .
Th e B i t ish o c u p a t i o i th e o p e i g y ea s o f th e n i n et ee t h c e t y
r c n n n n r n n ur
58
Tb e Tr a tk a b ou t tb c Con di t i on o
f tke I n di a n P eo pl e 59
H e speaks i ndeed of great S tates $ wh ich managed thei r
o w n b u siness capabl
yf o r tk ou sa n d s o
f y ea r s wh ich o u tlived ,
,
Lord B enti nck i ntrod u ced the begin nings of conscientio u s
r u le i nto I ndia and within twenty t w o years o f h is ,
-
Th e Desire
been o n e of consol idation and conciliation
o f I ndia p ,
As to the desi rability o f the
.
m ea n t s ec i t y a d p e c e I t w o ld b e ex gg e a t i on to say t h t d i g
ur n a . u no a r a ur n
th e p evi o s c e t y t h e o u t y o w e d iv e s o f bl oo d I v a si o s t h e
r u n ur c n r r r . n n ,
r is e d d ec a y o f p e tt y p i c ip a li t i e s th e iv a l i e s fo s p e m a c y t h e
an r n ,
r r r u r ,
p d t o y w a f e o f t h e M a th s a l l b o g h t a b o t t h e m u d e f
re a r r ar ra a , r u u r r o
t h o s a d s o f p eac ea bl e a d i d s t i ou s p ea s a t s wh o s e
u n l y d e si e was to
n n u r n on r
b e l ft a l on e
e Th e v l e o f li fe h s b ee
. is e d by th e e s ta blishm e t o f
a u a n ra n
l s t i g p eac i I d i Th e i etee t h c e t y is
a n e n n a . c on t a s t t o t h e n n n n ur a r
bl oodsh ed f th i e c e t i e s p ec e d i g B i t is h l e ( p
o e n n n ur r n r ru .
b si e ss
u n as a d e m o a y if t h t is wh t M H y d ma me s
cr c , a a r . n n an .
60 Tr a i ks a b ou t I n di a
I ndia a l o n e ( p .
Al l war is hell as G eneral S herman u sed to say ;
,
after their feet have been tied to g ether with a rope they ,
settin g o u t fro m this army are not p rotected a gai nst the
attacks of the M ahrattas and other robbers ; and when you
are del ivered from this peril y o u fall i nto the hands o f the
C u sto m s of cers o r p u blicans ( collectors of taxes ) These .
1 90 9 p , .
7 2 6)
Famine t o o is horrible bu t in the last thirty years it h a s
, , ,
been brou g ht u nder control I n 1 7 0 2 1 7 0 4 when ther e .
-
,
them .
F rench and E n g lish as striving fo r the mastery of I ndia
b u t were any o f these nations consciously striving fo r
dominion u ntil D u pleix conceived the idea in the middl e
of the ei g hteenth cent u ry $ Probably no E n g lish m an
before Lord Wellesley ever though t o f makin g E n g land
62 Tr u tns a b ou t I n di a
ma k e o u r homes i n the cou ntry and ( so ) drai n away ,
i t s produce to a foreign land ; an d it mu st be admitted
that speakin g gener a lly the E ngl ish do n o t make their
, ,
homes in the cou ntry and prefer to spend the money which,
al ien Government and the only reasonable question is,
Whitaker that the cost o f G overn ment to each native in
,
E u rope costs .
eth ics are natu rally pec u liar I t it easy and acceptable to .
those holding similar v iews to denounce the r u inous effect
o f u n restrained capitalism to characterize the Govern men t ,
of
I ndia as a nefarious despotism a wh ite capital ist ,
ty ran ny , a pernicio u s dom ination o f capitalism wh ich ,
to bless .
n izin
g the fact that the B ritish people nd them selves
respon sible for the adm inistratio n and good govern men t
of a vast dependency o f some 3 0 0 m illion s o f m ixed
O riental races the plai n q u estion is th is I s the Govern
, ,
others the mere fact that B ri t ish rule means peace and
contentment througho u t the borders o f that vast territory
is a fact which is not lightly to be s e t aside even by those
The m uc h imp ov e ishm e n t a d fa m o e ac tua l s ta v a t i o
re w as as r n r r r n
ho o s rr r .
64 Tr u tks a bou t I n d i a
co u ntry .
many rival races and rel igions And a g ain B ritish rule .
, ,
I t is n o t very easy to u nderstand M r H yndman s .
$
that the S tate is the owner o f the land and w hat is called ,
the l and tax is really no more than the rent which the
-
o r t h a t t h e l a n d re v e n u e is e i t h e r r e n t o t a x b u t p a c t i c a lly n o d o u b t
r r
, , ,
t h e S ta t e is t h e u l t im at e o w n er o f a l l l a n d .
Tke Tr u tk a b ou t t ke Con di t i on f
o tk e I n d i a n P eo pl e 65
which the ten u re holder o r c u ltivator pays for the use o f the
-
a lso entitled t o sell the land if its d u es are not paid so that ,
I t is far better so ru n the of cial instr u ctions to S ettle
,
M r H y ndman s second pet grievance is based o n the
.
fact cannot surely escape M r H y ndman s notice I f h e . .
, , ,
not needed by the cou ntry itself o r wh ich would not have ,
NB . .
-
In
connection with the above reference sh ould be ,
D ecember , I 90 9 .
XI I
TH E N E E D F O R T R U T H A B O U T I N D I A N
AG R I C U L T U R E
A CC O RDI N G TO
S I R G E O R G E S Y D EN HAM C L AR K E ,
G o v e n o o f B omb a y
r r
is imperfectly recognized .
basis o f I ndia s p rosperity .
68
70 Tr u t/zs a b ou t I n di a
have perh aps been told that before the advent of B ri tish
rule I ndia had an immense t rade wh ich has since dis
appeared I a m sure yo u u nderstand howeve r that th e
.
, ,
$
Govern men t stores I ndia exported merchandise
,
to the
amo u nt o f about 1 1 5 5 millions sterlin g i n 1 9 0 7 1 9 0 8 Th is -
.
E N C O U RA GI N G I N DU S T R I ES .
the decay of t rade and industry are refu ted by the smallest
study o f the fac t s .
TH E H AN D L OO M TRA D E .
1
g u re of 7 7 millions sterl in g in 1 9 0 8 1 9 0 9 I have no -
.
y ou as
, th inki ng people will
,
readily u nderstand that to
boycott forei g n s u gar can only in ict hardship on the poor ,
best service which cou ld be rendered to the cou ntr yat the
present time is to increase agricultu ral production For .
crop amon g them There are even places where the land
.
4 73 m ill ions in 1 9 5
0 called forth ,the energies and the
i n nate reso u rcefu l ness of the people who make th e u tmost
o u t of a fertil ity wh ich their o w n labo u rs have created and
stren u ou s spade labo u r and the util ization of all waste are
the main secrets o f J apanese hu sbandry I n spite o f the .
To H E L P T H E C U L TI VA T O R .
good .
TH E M A I N R E $ U I REM EN T S .
were larg e tracts i n the D eccan which lay waste for years
as the resul t o f the devastations o f arm ies and of d e p o p u l a
tion These tracts have been bro u g ht u nde r c u ltivation
.
,
Tb e N eed f or Tr u t/i a b ou t I n d i a n Ag r i c u l t u r e 75
appoi nting and there has been a series of i ndi fferent years
,
vent wash fencing to protect the elds from the cattle and the
,
$
water the harnessin g o f n u llahs to catch s u rface water the
,
-
,
x
jo w ar i seed is treated with sulphate o f copper costin g
1 anna an acre there will often be
,
a prot o f a h u ndred
fold and more H ere is a way i n wh ich the i nvestment o f
.
P RAC TI CA L $ U ES TI O N S .
TH E T R U T H A s To T H E E M P LOY M E N T O F
I N D I AN S I N TH E S E RV I C E O F TH E I R
C O U N TRY s o FA R ,
A S TH E P U N J A B i s
CONC E RN E D
o f I ndians from the serv ice o f their o w n cou ntry that i t
seems desirable to publ ish the following extract from S i r
J ames Wilson s paper read on December 9 1 9 0 9 befor e
, , ,
follows
I can perhaps best employ the tim e at m y disposal b y '
and how has B ri tai n discha rg ed her tru st for the wel fare o f
these m ill ions of hu man bein g s $ I t is well to remembe r
that al l power in I ndia is derived from the K ing and
Parliament of this country and that t h e ulti mate responsi
,
has g reat personal i n uence for good o r ill over the peopl e
comm itted to his char g e ; but the acts o f any individ u al
of cial however powerful are of l ittle consequ ence whe n
, ,
TH E GO VER N M EN T .
Th e a im of
the B ritish Government in the P u nj ab as i n ,
t i a l i t y and e fciency
, B ut I think the best o f th em wo u l d
.
motion the S tate s mach inery to remedy the evil .
will n o dou bt have its dan g ers and drawbacks wh ich w ill
req u ire to be g uarded a g ainst I t w ill tend to keep the .
will rise to the occasion and prove that they are tted
to discharge their n e w duties I have great faith i n th e .
the rst e x citement has died down it w ill be fou nd that the ,
and are therefore real pillars o f the S ta t e B u t the true .
order and j ustice is t o ch erish the poor
, .
Feb r u a ry , I 9I o .
86 Tr u t ks a b ou t I n dia
TH E I N DI AN C U L TI VA T O R A ND TH E U S U RER .
to ward o ff fami ne .
E N C O U RAG EM EN T OF CO -
O PERA TI VE C RE DIT .
harvest time i t was sold when prices rose and the money
-
,
U nited Provi nces that the master mi nd arose that sol ved
th e p roblem H ere M r H D u p e r n e x a C ivil S ervant
. . .
,
are mana g ed by the village cou ncil and though the B ritish , ,
loan s are only made for reprod u ctive p u rposes and are ,
C AP IT A L AN D LO YA L T Y .
I D C . . .
M a r c/z , 1 91 0 .
XV
TH E W O N D E R S O F I R R I GA T I O N I N TH E
PU NJAB
( Th e Cou ncil of
the East I ndia A ssociatio n t hi nk it
desirable t o call par t icular attention t o t h e really wonderfu l
story o f irrigation in th e Pu nj ab as recently told by S ir
,
goes u p i n su m mer to over 1 1 5 i n th e shade t h e farmer s
,
acres o r one
, sixth o f the area sown had failed ,
1 90 7 0 8
-
,
acres o f crops were i rrigated from
wells .
i n 1 9 0 7 0 8 to
-
and the net revenu e after de ,
the Jh el a m and Chenab Rivers and take it across the val l ey,
94 Tr u tks a b ou t I n di a
per acre b u t very large areas give a Very poor ou t t urn and
, ,
the villager who can recollect the time when it was hardly
possible for hi m to send o r recei ve a letter o r a money
order S imilarly the telegraph system has i n recent years
.
its branches all over the P rovi nce and along with several , ,
and B ombay and brings i n from outside the P rovi nce articles
,
are m aintai ned by the G overn ment between all the principal
towns and the roads leading to villages have been much
,
equal ize prices by facil ita t ing the ow o f all com modi t ies
from where they are plentifu l and cheap to where they are
96 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n d i a
where the harvests had been good at hal f the price that ,
the same time there had been a fair crop i n the canal
i rrigated elds o f th e P u nj ab proper At once traders set .
to the U n ited Prov i nces and pou red i nto every railwa y
,
and the average Pu nj ab villager can now buy th ree pou nds
weigh t for a penny wh ich would only have purchased hal f
tha t am ou nt ten years ago .
Apr i l , 1 91 0
XVI
TH E B U R D E N O F TH E H O M E C H A R G E S
mately ri ght all ou r tal k abou t the d rai n o f weal th from
,
matize an exploitation for the selsh interests of E ngl ish
men of busi ness an d th is last idea raises th e whole ques
tion of the condition o f th e I ndian people so that we -
landlord o f all th e a g ric u lt u ral land in the cou ntry ( the S tate ) ,
S ee L ea et No . 1 1 .
99
1 00 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n di a
easy to go i nto the same detai l for other cou ntries w e have ,
I di a
n 6 4
Au s t i a
r
53 4
E g yp t 8 2 0
F ran c e 74 4
G er m an y 1 0 0 2
G rea t B r i ta i n an d
I rel an d 67 1
H u n g ary 44 0
I t al y 44 2
J a p an 1 3 4
R u ssi a . 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 , c oo 3 2 4
S pai n 33 2
U n i te d S t a te s of
Am er i c a 54 7
Th e wh ol e o f th e c o mm e c i al a d t ra di n g c l ass e s p ay a b ou t a mi ll i o
r n n
of th e G o ve rn m e t n .
I Not a s i n Whi ta k e r .
c e ta i n l y a b ou t t his
r I fa c t a l l t h e g u re s o n t his p ag e o f Whi tak e
. n , r
a e e vid e n tl y i n ac c u a t e as n o c h an g e h as b een m a d e i
r r , t h e m for t wo y e s n ar
a t l ea s t b u t fo c o mp ar at iv e p u p o s e s t h e y m ay s e v e fo w t o f b ette
r r r r an r .
1 0 2 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n di a
they spend i n pay ing the land revenue and are ac tually ,
whole consu mption per head i n I taly where the price is stil l ,
but the gu res for I taly strangely corroborate the concl usion
arrived at by S ubadar M ahomed B eg ( M y J u bile e Visi t
to London
that he had never i n his life ( i n I ndia )
B rindisi And yet he had lived all h is l ife i n th e typical
.
I n December last th is questio n o f the d rai n and the
conditio n o f the people o f I ndia was di scu ss ed at some
length in that very reasonabl e j ou rnal th e I n d i a n Sp ecta tor ,
Ti mes of I n d i a o f J uly 3 1 1 9 0 9 , .
1 . This is th e well know n theory o f the drai n i n
-
Dh i n gra s lan g uage The theory itsel f owes its origi n and
.
par t icular idol o f the peopl e has since establ ished beyond
question that t h e cou ntry was being steadily drain ed o f its
l i fe blood u nder B ritish rule S ome writers and speakers
-
.
$
have declared that the rule is responsibl e fo r recu rri ng and
more and more devastating fami nes and also for t h e plague ,
.
N m f th S t t
a e o e a e .
J u n agad h
N a w a n a g ar
B h a v n agar
P o rb u n d e r
D h ran g a d ra
M o rb i
G on d al
J a f a b ad
r
S EC O ND CL ASS .
T H IRD CLA SS .
1 5 L a k h ta r
1 6 Sa y al a
1 7 Chud a
1 8 Val a
I 9 J a sd an
20 B a ntwa
F O U RTH CLA SS .
I . e
.
, th e I n di an G o v ern m en t .
10 4 Tr u tks a b ou t I n di a
to C olonel Walter s report dated M ay 1 5 1 80 8 ( selec t ions ,
pp 1 9 8 2 0 0 edition o f
.
- I t was Colon el Walker
,
accu rate The gures for 1 885 and 1 89 6 are taken from
.
3 A comparison
. i n the gu res f o r 1 80 7 0 8 with those -
the cou ntry has been getting poorer u nder B ritish rule ,
39 42 33 24
37 42 33 28
62 73 40 34
Th e
average price of millet du ring the ten years ending
1 882 is twel ve po u nds the rupee h igher than i t was du rin g
T his ar ug m e n t is n ot q u i te co n c l u siv e , as we do n
t k n o w th e p op u l a t i o n
in 1 80 7 -
0 8 .
0 6 Tr u t/i s a b ou t I n di a
When on accou n t o f the m i nority o f a Ch ief a S tate 1 5
taken u nder the managemen t o f the Agency it is very ,
that B ritish management cau ses a drai n o f weal t h I n.
.
and 1 9 0 1 .
them are now richer and how m any poorer than they were
fty years ago I f he is a resident o f a town h e m ight
.
,
R ug . 1 L oo s e k i l ts .
Tk e B u r den f
o tke H om e C/i a rg es 10 7
si milar points .
S i r W W H unter i n h is I ndian E mpi re pp 5 6 8
. .
, .
5 6 9 states that the net accu mulations o f sil ver and gold in
,
exam ination .
belie f .
For the extremists t u rn rou nd upon them and ask whe ther
it is not the he i ght of cowardice to tolerate a Governmen t
which by its economic d rain brin g s about repeat ed and
T h ere is no Dh a r m a
hi g h er t h a n Tr th u ,
An d o si g ea te t h a n n t t h
n n r r u ru .
T u th is th e V e d o f Dh a m a
r a r ,
T h e fo e l et ot t h e T u th b e c o c eal ed
re r n r n .
M A H A BH AR A TA .
E N $ U I RE R .
class known as a g ricul tu ral l abou rers nd i t mo re dif c u l t
,
moderate .
H on . Mr . J u stice Ra n a d e in E a st an d W
es t for
J an u ary 1 9 1 0
,
I t i s a moral l a w that for every benet received y o u
must pay a p rice I f E ngland enriches I ndia by i ncreasin g
.
you call the drai n As fo r the ill t reatment o f natives I
.
-
,
qu ite fam iliar with the ill trea t ment o f I ndians by I ndians
- .
Apr i l , 1 91 0 .
XVI I
M O R E T R U T H S A B O U T LA N D R E C O R D S AN D
LAN D R E V E N U E I N T H E P U N J A B
BY S I R J AM ES W I L S O N
disp u tes and quarrell ings that would arise among the
m illions o f peasan t ry if their bou ndaries and rights were
not s o clearl y de ned .
I IZ
1 1 4 Tr u tks a b ou t I n d i a
is requ i red to earn enough to pay th e S tate s demand We .
are ple ntifu l the peasants can easily pay u p their arrears
, .
Last year the crops were generally g ood and prices h igh ,
prev ious claim and which was g ranted them i n most cases
for noth ing i s n o w su bj ect to all the S tate s demands fo r
, ,
M ay , 1 91 0 .
XV I I I
A G R I C U L TU R A L I N D E B T E D N E S S A N D T H E
A L I E N A TI O N O F LA N D I N TH E P U N J A B
th e land rose i n mar k et val ue the peasan t s rights i n the
,
from i n 1 9 0 4 5 to -
i n 1 90 6 7 Un -
.
c o operative
-
movement has recently been started after ,
9
1 24 Tr u tk s a b ou t I n di a
for altho u gh thei r rents have risen their prots have risen
, ,
can cultivate them sel ves so tha t a tenan t has l ittle dif culty
,
tenants themselves D u ring the last forty jears agric u ltu ral
.
TH E C O N D I T I O N O F T H E P E O P L E I N
TH E P U N J A B
( Fro m a pa p er re ad by S I R J A MES WI L S ON , l at e F i n a n C Ia l
C o mmissi on e b e fo e t h e R o y a l E c o o mi c
r, r n S oc i e t y )
.
I N T E RES T AN D C RE DIT
IT is somewhat su rpr i s i ng that with all th e acc u m ulation ,
o f capital that has t aken place i n the last twenty years and ,
the rise in the market value o f the land M uch has been .
T h at m on e y , a t a n y ra te, r e ma i s n i n th e c ou n tr y E D
. .
1 26
Tb e Con di t i on o
f t ke P p l e i n t ke P
eo un a
j b 1 27
o f l itigation and the lender s fear of losin g part o f h is capital
dry year 1 9 0 7 8 -
or nearly o n e ft h o f the whole -
3 1
,
6 with mem bers and assets worth ,
l i t tle banks themsel ves are keen and careful manag ers and , .
TH E L AB O U R I N G C L AS SES .
nu m b er o f a g ric u ltu ral labou rers and thei r famil ies was
re t u rned as less than 2 per cen t of the t otal pop u lation .
,
second pe r iod over the rst and of 5 4 per cent i n the last
,
.
ago and 5 4
, ;
an nas last year and th e averages ,
for the
different periods have been for the rst ei g hteen years ,
3 2 annas fo r
,
the last nineteen years 4 2 an nas and ,
Th e true measure of the labo u rer s prosperity is the
mar g in he has left over from h is wages after providin g fo r
his necessary wants and we must therefore make allowanc e
for the recent rise i n p rices of food g rain s As compared -
.
Tb e Con d i t i on o f u P p
eo l e i n t /i e P
j b
un a 1 3 1
For cloth ing th e poorer class o f a g ric u ltu ral labo u rer i s
,
the u nenc u mbered l abo u rer who can earn even 4d a day ,
.
,
can easily afford himsel f more than his daily necessary food
and save money I take however the case o f a man wh o
. , ,
so that the price o f 2 mau nds o f ja w ar , the cheapest g rain ,
the average monthly wa g e I have called th e margi n of
comfort as it rep resents what th e married labo u rer has
,
comfort for the married labou rer is dangero u sly red u ced .
widespread dro u ght whe n the soil is too dry and hard to ,
di t i o n s gave rise to famine and it req u i red all the resou rces ,
net res u lt o f the recent rise i n prices and wages has been a
P rov in ce are able after meetin g their own needs and those
,
ju n e,
1 91 o .
XX
TH E I N C I D E N C E O F TH E I N D I A N
I N C O M E T AX -
TH E A L L E G E D D E S T R U C T I O N B Y E N G L A N D
O F I N D I A N I N D I G E N O U S I N D U S TR I E S
I ndia s great industries for selsh B ritish ends and
destroyed her indigeno u s trade and manufactu res This .
allowed h imself to go so far as to say that al l the g reat
i nd u stries o f I ndia h ave been destroyed simply beca u se the ,
people had not enough to eat and were not able t o carry
them o n . I f that were anyth ing l ike the tr u th and not a
glarin g exa g geration h o w does it happen that even such an
,
1 38
0 (1 6 70o
L 5
p
es ec i a l ly t b c w ea vi ng b r a n ck . Th e demand for g oods i s
u nusually active and manu factu rers ali ke in Lancashire and
,
employment to larg e masses o f the population etc etc I S ,
.
, .
th is is what h e says
I n a grea t work o n E conom ic H istory ( by M r '
.
imposed an unj u st and enormous duty on I ndian cotton
o f 2 0 per cent but on reference to the q uoted authority I
.
x
-~
91 as as
C o mm on s R ep o t 83 ol p 60 7 r , 1 2, v . . .
40 Tr u t /i s a b ou t I n di a
=< ll it
tenfold that o f Th e M ogul s
.
3G dl
years after the Company assu med the D i w a n i there were
most serio u s drawbacks to the peace and prosperity which
B ritish rule introdu ced .
F rom 1 7 85 amendment commenced partly due to a ,
great imp rov ement i n the Custom s reg u lations and to lower
tariffs on the two great E as t ern products tea an d piece ,
I ndia once a g reat manu facturing cou ntry has now fallen
, ,
T H E A B S O R P TI O N O F G O L D A N D S I LV E R
BY I N D I A A N D W H AT I T M E A N S
,
American traveller i t seems desirable to draw attention
to the other side o f the shield as depicted by S ir J ames
Wilson i n his most illum inating paper o n I ndian Currency
P ol icy .
A BS O RP TI O N OF GO L D BY I N D I A .
share I ndia has secu red o f all this gold We have fairly .
world s produ ction d u ri ng that period I ndia s population .
world s stock which I have estimated at 3
, ,
M oreover I ndia s absorption o f gold is rapidly increasing
, ,
1 42
Tl i e Absorp t i on of Gol d an d S i l ver by I n d i a 1 43
which was m ore than one sixth o f the world s produ ction
-
than those for the ban k s and treasu ries of the world ,
more rapidly than that for other com modities which they do
not desire so m u ch O win g to the great adva n ce made by
. .
u nprecedented addition to the w orld s supply .
44
~
WO R L D S S U PP L Y OF S I L V ER .
Th e total world s production o f silver fro m the discovery
of A merica 40 0 years ago has been nearly I
, ,
great I estimate the presen t world s stock o f sil ver at
.
added to the world s stock o f sil ver d u rin g the last sixty
years The rate o f p rodu ction measured i n decades steadily
. , ,
mou s addition to the world s s u pply o f silver the wonder is ,
only the w orld s prod u ction o f g old has been i n m illion
,
come into a cou ntry and not get i t sel f distri b u ted to some
extent thou g h the distributio n is always the weak poin t o f
,
A ugust, 1 9 I I .
XX I I I
T H E LAS T W A TC H O F TH E N I G H T
1 5 0 years a o and M r K eene s brief note on the subj ect
g , .
and Others
To the n orth Of t h e N arbada anarchy and war were
chronic ; th ere W as a nom inal empire Of which the centre
was at Delhi as Of yore , I n 1 7 5 9 however ( exactly
.
,
the power o f the B ritish was rmly establ ished and their ,
I 47
districts I n 1 7 80
. 8 1 the B ritish arms were turned agai n st
the M arathas the war bein g termi nated i n the following
,
were devastated by u nceasi n g warfare S i n di a s a d m i n i s .
m ents the rebels retreated and S india res u med his posi
, ,
About tha t time there arri ved i n I ndia intell i g ence Of the
declaration o f war agai nst E ngland by the Rep u blican
Government Of F rance and the F rench Ofcers i n the,
and so utterly cowed thei r spi rit that the fe w v illag es that ,
of cers and men being a rst charge upon the rents ; and
this estate was gradually in creased until it became a q u asi
pri ncipality .
t ue 1 5 1
were no better F oreign invasions w rote the D istrict
.
,
lation wh ilst the poverty o f the cou ntry and the rapacity Of
,
its governors had al most an nihilated com merce E lse .
had his customs platform so that i n those days the hi g h ,
tu r n ed u nder the Ja t and B a rgo oj
,
a r chieftain s I n the .
a u thor O f Forbes O riental M emoi rs says that th e
man ner Venality and corr u ption gu ide the helm of S tate
.
property n o r the li fe o f a su bj ect can be called his o w n .
the earth withou t in form ing h is ch ildren o f the conceal ment .
Listen $ When w ill you take this country $ This cou ntry
wants you Th e H ind u s are villains ; when w ill y o u take
.
the cou ntry $ We answered N ever $ H e sa i d Yes , ,
assessed at 3 0 3 an acre had . no sal eable val u e in
,
U nfort u nately as M r K eene says i n conclu sion
, . the ,
S ep temb er , 1 9I 1
1 54 Tr u tb s a b ou t I n di a
not true you are not patriotic .
9k l6 9K 9K 9K
pa st t o u se an I ndia n gentleman s words that is at the
, ,
Octob er , 1 91 1
X XV
S O M E P LA I N F A CT S A B O U T F A M I NE S
I N I NDIA
I ndian fami nes i n those good Old days wh ich some people ,
S ewell s I ndia before the as wel l as from
D r joh n M u rdoch s I ndia Past and P resent
. .
Ai ya n g a r sa y s :
Th e Ram ayana ment ions a severe and
prolonged dro u g ht wh ich oc cu rred in N orthern I ndia .
years famine D v a d a s a va rs h a Panj am l ives i n traditio n
i n S o u thern I ndia B u t i f the accou nts of U ni versal
.
1 55 II
1 56 Tr ut bs a b ou t I n di a
M r S M M itra writes O f fam ines i n Ak b a r s rei g n
. . . I t is .
adm itted by everyone that Ak b a r s rei g n was the best i n
th e M u hammadan period of I ndian h istory Let u s see h o w .
I n the forty second year o f A k b a r s reign A D 1 5 9 6 a
-
, . .
,
intensi t y i n the his t ory of ancien t o r m odern times
I n I 5 7 0 there was a terrible fam i ne o n the West Coast .
died .
If w e k n ew m or e of tb e pa s t l zi st ory of I n d i a we sho u ld
nd that seasons of scanty rainfall have erp etu a l ly r ec u r r ed ,
which man s will can not alter .
TH E T R U T H A B O U T R A I LW A YS
FR OM
G L IMPSES OF I ND 1 A PA ST
, A ND P RESENT
more harm than good by draining t h e cou ntry o f its
produce ( as they say ) an d even go so far as to charge ,
al l t ae p ay m en ts a r e i n te r est on m on ey ten t on s e r v i c es ,
r en der ed or m a te r i a l s s u p l i ed
, p .
ceremonies .
Th e m o u t o f j ew el s n o w h el d i n I d i a c a n ot b e w o t h l ess th
a n n n r an
300 cr o e s i t is p o b a bly m c h g e t e ; a t
r , r p e c e t i te es t i t w o u l d
u r a r 1 2 r n . n r
yi el d 3 6 c o es a y ea I J p a w o m e h a v e n o j ew ell e y
r r r . n a n n r .
1 58
Tb e Tr u t l i a b ou t R a i l w ay s 1 59
M r T N M u kerj i says :
. .
NO cou ntry having the
.
tons o f goods .
t h e distrib u tion of food i n fam ine time and su rely i t is ,
Feb r u a ry , 1 9 I 2 .
xx v n
T H E C O S T O F TH E I N D I A N G O V E R N M E N T
fou nd that the total annual cost o f the C ivil S ervice ( about
men ) i ncl u ding pay pension and exchan g e allow
, ,
a n c e s came to 1
, 3 pies a month per head of the then o u
p p
lation , I f I ndians at hal f the cost were
employed the savin g to each i ndivid u al in I ndia wo u ld be
,
1 60
62 Tr u th s a b ou t I n di a
fou r H igh Cou rts and Chief Cou rts and I ndians have seats ,
To u se Lord C u rz o n s words : I hold on the contrary
, ,
him that h e i s gravely m istaken I t is true that as a rule .
, ,
Ap r i l , 1 91 2
XXV I I I
S I R R O LA N D W I L S O N O N TH E TR U E
C H A RA C TE R O F TH E I N D I A N G O V E R N M E N T
fou nd in S i r Roland Wilson s new book th e P rovince Of ,
the State . M embers o f this Association will not have
forg otten h is u ncomprom isi n g attack o n S tate aided E d u c a -
from the notice o f the book i n I ndia fo r S eptember 8
last page 1 2 1
, .
forward i n reply to H erbert S pencer s well know n position -
Roland w ri tes
A fter all allowance made for i ncidental fa u lts and
cri mes the substitu tion of the rule o f th e E ast I ndia Com
,
fourth are B ritish now s u f ces for the defen ce and control
,
o f a population of
3 0 0 m ill ions N O S tatistics are available
. ,
1 63
1 64 Tr u t /zs a b ou t I n di a
May , 1 91 2 .
66 Tr u tas a b ou t I n di a
critics object to railways as drainin g away the produce o f
the cou nt ry but it seem s from pa g e 8 o f th e paper alluded
,
m e r c i a l retu rn fo r the money borrowed o n extraordi narily
easy terms j u st as the enormous increase o f wealth du e to
,
irrigation certainly is .
eve n adm itting th is drain th e Government of I ndia is ,
really prosperous I t may be do u bted i f a much lar g er
.
D u r i ng th e last seventy years I ndia has absorbed
S ee Whi ta k e fo 9 r r 1 1 0 .
z Wr . Hy n d m a n and tb e Tr u t/c a bou t th e D rain 1 67
t he whole world s s u pply d u rin g that period I n the last .
last year m ore whea t than was exported from any other
cou ntry i n the world .
j m e s W ils on i n his e l a b o at p a pe o n I di an C u e c y
Sir a , r e r n rr n
f rt h er t h at d i g t h e l a s t s ev e t y y ea s I di a h as a bs o b e d 4
u ur n n r n r 2 o, o o o, o o o
w o th o f g ol d o m o e t h n a te t h o f th e wh o l e wo l d s p o d c t i o
r , r r
a n r r u n .
E v e if i t s p op u l a t i o i s a b o t o e six th a s h e s ys i t is
n
n th e q u a t i t y
u n -
,
a , n
o f g o l d t h a t I n di a h as s ec u e d is ot so v er y fa sh o t o f i t s sh a e m a n fo
r n r r r ,
r
m a n a s mi g h t b e im a g i n ed f o m t h e c o mp ara t iv e p o v ert y o f t h e p eo p l e
,
r .
M o eo v er h e s a ys
r
I n di a s a bs o p t i o o f g ol d is rapid l y i c ea si n g
,
,
r n n r .
In t h e l s t t wo y ea s sh e
a h a s a bs o b e d r o t
w h m o e th r r r an
o e six t h o f t h e w o l d s p o d u c t i o
fo r t h o s e t w o y e a s
n -
r r n r .
ju n e , 1 91 2 .
XX X
D O E S TH E I N D I A N G O V E R N M E N T
P ROV I D E W O R K F O R A L L $
Farther o n he says I f o u r H ome Govern ment would
,
ex cep t i on a l ca u ses t o ea r n a l i vel i b ood
, H e refers of co u rse
.
, ,
A N I N D E P E N D E N T TE S T I M O N Y
BY H A R O L D B E G B I E
I ndia t h e carefully considered j u d g ment o n the G overn
-
p ublished i n h is interestin g l ittle book Th e L i g h t o f I ndia
.
Campbell s j ud g men t ( Leaet No and that o f
.
D r D ownie ( No
. .
he says
I t is a foolish calu mn y to exh ibit the I ndian G overn
ment as som e men now do in the character o f a
, ,
1 70
A n I n depen den t Test i m ony 1 7 1
Government fo r in stance supplies m ore t h a n a th ird o f
, ,
the total irrigation o f the cou ntry .
N ot only d o these canal s i ncrease prosperity they
create it T wo o f th e Pu nj ab canals li terally have con
.
S tu di es of I n di a n i fe
L and S en t im en t by , S ir B a mpfy l d e F u ll er ,
p . 1 95 .
Tr u tns a b ou t I n dia
demands fo r E ngland .
i n g a t t h e I d s t i l C o fe e c e a t B e a e s i
n u r a
9 5 said n r n n r n 1 0 ,
Go wh e e yo will a d s ea c h wh e e you m y yo
r u wil l d e v y n r r a ,
u n er
wh e e th e s m e c mpl a i t a d t h t is t h e p oo q u li t y of l a b ou A d i t
r a o n ,
n a r a r . n
is p oo b e au s e t h e l a b o i g m is o t t h ift y H e o n l y v l e s m y
r c ur n an n r . a u on e
fo wh a te v e i t c a g iv e h im t t h m o m en t
r r H e d oe s ot v a l ue w o k f
n a e . n r or
w o k s s k e To him i t is f t a tely a m a tte o f c o mpl e te i n d i e e e
r a .
,
u n or u n , r r nc
wh e t h e his w o k is b a d o g oo d H e d oe s ot v l t im e b ec a s e his
r r r . n a ue ,
u
p ti e is n ot to d o m c h a s p o ssibl e i
ra c c g iv e t im e b t s l i ttl e
as u n a n ,
u a as
p o ssibl e .
O e O f t h e l e a d i g m e h a t s i C l tt w i t e s t o m
n n foll o ws rc n n a cu a r e as
K e ep i
mi d h o w e v e t h e g ood ol d B i t ish sys te m o f p p e ti
n n ,
r, r a r n ce
Th e I d i p eo p l e d o t go t w o k i th e mills fo t h e l o v e o f t h e t hi n g
n
an n o r n r ,
b t to m k e
u livi g I h v e sp e t t hi t y th e y e s i n si d e mi l ls h e e
a a n . a n r -
re ar r ,
b t o t o e I d i a h s s gg e s te d
u n n n im p o v e m en t i m a hi e y o t e t
n a u an r n c n r r r a
m e t o f a w m t i l S h a s ta te of t hi g s w o l d b e im po ssibl e i
n r a er a . uc n u n
B i ta i
r Th e w o k m
n. t h e e is v e y l o w d o w i t h e s c al w h o d o e s o t
r an r r n n e n
pl a a n d th i n k o t s c h m s to m a k e his t o ls m o e e ec t i e
n u e e o r v .
M C h att erj ee h
r . t i e d t h e l o w i t ell e t a l s t d d o f th e h d
as no c n c u an ar an
l oo m w eav e s n d a d voc t e s a v e y wi d e x te si o o f p im a y e d uc a t i o
r , a a r e n n r r n
a m o g th e w e vi g c l ss e s
n a n a .
G en tl e m e n ,
wh
I b e g a n my d d e ss I s a i d t h a t th e p ro bl e m b e fo re
en a r
u s wa s n o l i g h t o n e I t is e q u a lly c er t a i n t h a t i t is o f t h e u t m o s t imp or
.
t a n c e t o t his c o u n t r y th a t e v e r y e ff or t sh ou l d b e m d e to s o lv e i t wi th o u t a
d e l a y I n n o c ou tr y t h at I k o w o f h a v e t h e c o n d i t i o n s n o w e xis t i n g i
. n n n
I n d i a e v e p e s e n t ed t h e ms el v e s b efor e We h a v e a l a g e a d expa n di n g
r r . r n
c o mp a r e fa v o u ra bly wi t h m a y o f t h e i d u s t i a l c e n t e s o f E u r o p e ; w e n n r r
h v e th e r i c h e s t p ossib l e c o ll ec t i on of mi n e a l a d v eg etabl e p o d u c t s w e
a r n r
i n t h e e xp or t o f ou r v a l u a bl ra w p r o d u c t s i n r e t u rn fo r m a n u fa c t u r e d e
a t i c l e s m a d e i n t h e U n i te d K i n gd o m
r d fo e i g n o u n t i e s I n c ert i n an r c r . a
1 74 Tr u tas a b ou t I n d ia
B I L L I NG A ND S O NS . LT D .
, P R I NTE R S , G U I L DFO R D
H on . S ec r eta ry ,
E A S T I N D IA A S S O CIA TIO N ,
WE S T M I N S T E R C HAMB E R S ,
3 , VI CT O R IA S T RE E T ,
LO N D O N , S . W.
Wi ll y o u k i d ly
n su b m it my na m e to th e C ou n c i l of
th e E A S T I ND I A AS S O C I ATI O N for l
e ec t o i n as a Me m b e r $
Y o u r s fa i t h fu ll y ,
Nam e
Add re ss