Name: KEY

Last First

ID#___________________________

Lab. Date and Time____________________

Lab. TA____________________

Biological Sciences 1B Dr. Herrlinger

Summer Sessions I 2000
Final Exam
August 4, 2000

DO NOT OPEN EXAM UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

Please Read the Instructions First

Check your pages. There are 15 pages in this exam.
You are responsible for making sure that you have all the pages.
This examination is worth 130 points.
Write your name, ID#, and Lab. Section on your scantron.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Indicate your answers on the scantron sheet using a number 2 or test

scoring pencil. Press heavily, dont stray out of the margins, and
completely erase any changed answers.

2. If you think that a multiple choice question is ambiguous or confusing, use

the gripe sheet at the end of the examination to explain the problem.

3. There are 45 multiple choice questions worth 2 points each.

Fill-in Questions

1. Use pen only (no grade corrections for pencil or whiteout).

2. Write only one answer per question. You can elaborate on an answer, but
you will not be given any credit if you write two different answers to the
question.

3. Spelling rules: credit for 23 letters wrong or transposed. No points will

be given if the misspelling alters the meaning of the word.

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4. There are 10 fillin questions worth 40 points in total.

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Choose the one best answer:

1. Jawless fishes include

A. hagfishes, lampreys, and extinct ostracoderms

B. lobefinned fishes and cephalochordates
C. lungfishes, coelacanths, and extinct placoderms
D. pipefishes, flatfishes, and sturgeon
E. sharks, skates, and rays

2. Beginning with the first appearance of each of the following, what is the
correct sequence for evolution of the amniotic egg, jaws, notochord, and
tetrapod condition?

A. amniotic egg, notochord, jaws, tetrapod

B. jaws, notochord, amniotic egg, tetrapod
C. notochord, jaws, amniotic egg, tetrapod
D. notochord, jaws, tetrapod, amniotic egg
E. tetrapod, jaws, notochord, amniotic egg

3. The water vascular system in echinoderms is most like

A. a can opener
B. a fountain
C. a hydraulic mechanism
D. a septic tank
E. bicycle gears

4. From a cladistic view, the Class Reptilia should include which of the
following?

A. amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes

B. amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians
C amphibia, turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birds
D. only turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians
E. turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, birds

5. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Subphylum

Urochordata?

A. compound tunicates share a common exit pore

B. it only takes a few minutes for a larvacean to build a new house with
which to filter food from the surrounding water
C. simple adult solitary tunicates have one incurrent and one excurrent
siphon
D. some salp species can exist as solitary or colonial organisms

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E. all of the above

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6. Which of the following is a true statement regarding guanacos as seen in
the film shown in class?

A. males use rudimentary horns when fighting for females

B. they are sexually dimorphic as evidenced by the bright color of the
male coat
C. they are the largest rodent in Chile
D. they drink seawater from shallow tidepools near the ocean to
osmoregulate
E. they use scent marking on their territories

7. The distinction between the commonly used terms invertebrates and

vertebrates

A. has no basis in morphological differences between the two groups

B. involves the presence and absence of a notochord
C. is at the taxonomic level of subphylum
D. is based on intelligence of the representative organisms
E. requires the two groups to be in separate phyla

8. An individuals relative fitness is measured by

A. how well the individual relates to its environment

B. the health of the individual
C. the number of its offspring that survive and reproduce
D. the number of matings it achieves
E. the number of offspring produced

9. Ossicles are present in which of the following classes?

A. Asteroidea
B. Echinoidea
C. Holothuroidea
D. Ophiuroidea
E. All of the above

10. The waters of Putah Creak near Davis would most likely contain which
of the following taxa?

A. Arthropoda, Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Reptilia

B. Chordata, Arthropoda, Holothuroidea, Porifera
C. Echinodermata, Chelicerata, Uniramia, Osteichthyes
D. Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, Anthozoa, Hirudinea
E. Annelida, Scyphozoa, Arthropoda, Vertebrata

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11. The circulatory system is

A. closed in the arthropods

B. closed in the molluscs
C. often closed in active predators with the exception of the
arthropods
D. open in the annelids
E. open in the flatworms

12. In addition to numerous other organisms, the tracheal system is found

in _________ and functions in _________.

A. annelids; circulation
B. grasshoppers; excretion
C. honeybees; respiration
D. scorpions; feeding
E. spiders; web building

13. Massive fish kills due to red tides are caused by

A. amebae
B. dinoflagellates
C. foraminiferans
D. radiolarians
E. red algae

14. Developmentally, the blastopore becomes the anus in which taxa?

A. annelids, arthropods, and molluscs

B. echinoderms and chordates
C. flatworms, annelids, arthropods, and molluscs
D. only echinoderms
E. all protostomes

15. A researcher removes one cell from an embryo at the four cell stage.
This cell develops into a normal (though possibly smaller) embryo. The
developmental pattern of the organism from which this cell is removed
would be classified as

A. a chimera
B. determinate
C. indeterminate
D. mosaic
E. unregulated

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16. Imagine a graph depicting selection repeatedly acting on the same tail
(side) of a distribution of phenotypes. This would be an example of

A. directional selection
B. diversifying selection
C. frequencydependent selection
D. sexual selection
E. stabilizing selection

17. Broadcast or free spawning involves the release of _________ and is

seen in _________.

A. eggs and sperm into the plankton; cnidarians

B. fertilized zygotes onto the sand; brooding sea anemones
C. sexually mature offspring from a pouch; seahorses
D. the intestines into surrounding water; sea cucumbers
E. TMO into the blood; salmon

18. What structural elements support the body in flatworms?

A. a hydrostatic skeleton
B. collagen fibers
C. mesoglea
D. parenchyme tissue
E. the coelom

19. Asexual reproduction is exhibited by the _________ and one of the life
stages produced asexually is the _________.

A. Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa; medusa

B. Insecta; pupa
C. Trematoda; cercaria
D. all of the above
E. A and C only

20. Although some of the echinoderms have bilaterally symmetric larvae,

most exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults. Which of the following
would be considered to have secondary bilateral symmetry?

A. basket stars
B. brittle stars
C. crinoids
D. irregular echinoids and sea cucumbers
E. all of the above

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21. Vertebrate jaws most likely evolved from which structure?

A. an expansion of the nasal passages

B. the first gill arch
C. mesoderm
D. the pharyngeal basket
E. the swimbladder

22. The diseases leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness are caused by

A. a protozoan that is passed along after an insect bite

B. a virus
C. bacteria
D. homozygote susceptibility as with malaria
E. none of the above

23. One of the key elements in the serial endosymbiotic theory of the
origin of eukaryotic cells involves a prokaryote ingesting other
prokaryotes to establish a symbiotic relationship where two cells become
one.

A. True
B. False

24. Evidence for a single evolution of life lies in the fact that all the
metazoa have monociliate (flagellate) sperm and if you look at the
crosssection of all the cilia and flagella, you find a 9+2 arrangement of
microtubules.

A. True
B. False

25. The most likely candidate for the vertebrate ancestral stock is
something similar to a

A. flatworm
B. paedomorphic polychaete
C. planula larva
D. trochophore larva
E. tunicate larva

26. Hagfishes

A. are marine scavengers

B. have a cartilaginous skeleton
C. have no paired fins

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D. produce copious quantities of slime
E. all of the above

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27. The human population

A. has no effect on global change

B. is decreasing
C. is growing exponentially
D. was growing exponentially but has now stabilized
E. none of the above

28. Echinoderms

A. are protostomes
B. exhibit primary radial symmetry
C. have a calcareous exoskeleton
D. have welldeveloped excretory organs
E. none of the above

29. Marine fishes osmoregulate by

A. absorbing ions in sea water through their gills

B. drinking sea water and excreting ions across their gills
C. eating prey with low salinities
D. increasing the size of the kidney and excreting dilute urine
E. storing excess ions in the swimbladder

30. Which of the following is a true statement about protozoans?

A. parasitic forms are responsible for numerous human and domestic

animal diseases
B. they are all unicellular
C. they are found everywhere life exists
D. they require moisture
E. all of the above

31. Chitin is found in which combination of taxa?

A. Arachnida, Gastropoda, Polychaeta

B. Bivalvia, Chilopoda, Maxillopoda
C. Cephalopoda, Ophiuroidea, Gastropoda
D. Hirudinea, Merostomata, Oligochaeta
E. Insecta, Trematoda, Turbellaria

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32. When a gene has several different versions that create slightly
different gene products, each version of the gene is called _________.

A. a heterozygote
B. a sister chromatid
C. an allele
D. mutation
E. polygenic

33. Genetic drift

A. is due to chance events

B. can involve a loss of alleles from the population
C. results in a change in allele frequencies from generation to generation
D. all of the above
E. A and C only

34. A group of naturally or potentially interbreeding populations that are

reproductively isolated from other such groups is a definition of

A. a prezygotic isolating mechanism

B. a ring species
C. one of the HardyWeinberg equilibrium conditions
D. the biological species concept
E. the principle of parsimony

35. Recent molecular evidence involving 18S ribosomal RNA sequences

suggests that chordates are a sister group to the

A. annelids and molluscs

B. arthropods
C. cnidarians
D. echinoderms
E. flatworms

36. Which of the following is the least useful piece of information to

consider when trying to determine the mating system of a particular
animal?

A. the confidence the male has in paternity

B. the distribution of resources and whether they can be defended
C. the number of mates each sex has
D. the number of siblings of each parent
E. who cares for the offspring

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37. All multicellular phyla have

A. a coelom
B. a complete gut
C. aquatic larvae
D. bilateral symmetry
E. collagen

38. Most amphibians are unable to complete their life cycles on land.
Unlike reptiles, most amphibians

A. have a covering of keratin scales

B. have internal fertilization
C. must return to water to breed
D. protect the developing embryo in an amniotic egg
E. all of the above

39. There is relatively little genetic diversity in populations of cheetahs,

elephant seals, and California condors. This is most likely due to

A. a population bottleneck
B. founder effects
C. hybridization between species
D. selection against heterozygotes
E. the fact that males rear the offspring, not females

40. About 75% of the Platyhelminthes are parasitic. If the parasitic forms
had a freeliving ancestor, which features must have changed over
evolutionary time?

A. an incomplete gut
B. bilateral symmetry
C. monoecious reproduction
D. mucus and cilia on the body surface
E. the sucking pharynx

41. Which of the following would almost certainly be expected in a

segmented, coelomate, softbodied invertebrate with a complete,
regionally specialized, digestive tract?

A. hydrostatic skeleton
B. nerve net
C. planula larva
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

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42. Most crustaceans have

A. a cyprid larva
B. a terrestrial life stage
C. malpighian tubules
D. two pairs of antennae
E. uniramous appendages

43. The growth in male peacocks of long colorful tail feathers with
numerous eyespots is a product of

A. balanced polymorphism
B. diversifying selection
C. ecological isolation
D. frequencydependent selection
E. sexual selection

44. Your BIS 1B study group goes to a Chinese restaurant and orders the
Grand Buffet. As the circular tray of food is passed around the table, you
see one large fish, roast pig, tentacles from a jelly, oysters, squid,
mussels, seaweed, and shrimp. How many different taxonomic animal
Classes are on the table?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
E. 8

45. The name of the chewing mouthparts in scorpions is

A. chelicerae
B. chelipeds
C. claws
D. pedipalps
E. uniramous

Please continue to the next page.

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Short Answer

46. Give the common names of two extinct taxa discussed in class and the
names of their respective Subphyla. (2 pts)

Common Name Subphylum

(any two of the answers for A or B are acceptable)
A. trilobites Trilobita (or Trilobitomorpha)

B. ostracoderms Vertebrata
placoderms Vertebrata
dinosaurs Vertebrata
mosasaurs Vertebrata

47. List two distinguishing characteristics of the Class Mammalia that

separate this taxon from other vertebrate classes. (2 pts)

A. presence of hair

B. mammary glands

two occipital condyles

others also include hard palate, sebaceous glands, three bones

in the middle ear, etc.

48. Define heterochrony and explain its evolutionary significance. (3 pts)

Definition: Heterochrony is the evolutionary change in the timing

of development of characteristics from ancestor to descendant.

Evolutionary significance: By changing the timing that regulates

growth of the body and sexual maturity, new phenotypes may
result. E.g., urochordates with paedomorphic tadpole larvae
have given rise to vertebrates.

49. Give the common name of one organism discussed in class where the
male mates with the female and then stands guard over the female to
keep other males from mating with her.
(2 pts)

spiders
cuttlefish
others?

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 50. a. Fill in the blanks with names of 5 of the 8 structures drawn in a
typical asteroid water vascular system. You may leave three blank with
no penalty. (5 pts)

A. _________________ D. ________________

E. ________________

B. ________________
F. _________________

C. ________________
G. _________________
see
box

H. _________________

Answer: A. madreporite; B. ring canal; C. radial canal; D. stone

canal; E. lateral canal; F. ampulla; G. sucker; H. podium (tube
feet)

b. What controls the direction of flow of water between structures E and F?

(1 pt)

a oneway valve

51. What type of

symmetry and cephalization would you expect from a sessile, filter
feeding organism? (2 pts)

radial symmetry and a lack of cephalization

52. Name the

taxonomic Kindgom of the disease causing agent (not the vector)
responsible for each of the following diseases. (3 pts)

A. Giardia Protozoa (or Protista)

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 B. liver flukes Animalia

C. malaria Protozoa (or Protista)

53. A population of
beetles has two alleles for body color, mottled and blue. Mottled is
dominant to blue. A researcher determines that a sample of 200 beetles
is comprised of 130 mottled and 70 blue beetles. 100 of the 200 beetles
are heterozygous (Bb). Is this population in HardyWeinberg equilibrium?
Do not just set up the equations. Calculate a final answer and show your
complete calculations to receive full credit. (6 pts)

BB = 30
Bb =100
bb = 70
Total = 200

x 2) 100
(30
f(B) = 0.4
200x2
f(b) = 1 f(B) = 1 0.4 = 0.6

HW predicts: Observed:
30
f(BB) = (0.4)2 = 0.16 f(BB) = 0.15
200
100
f(Bb) = 2 (0.4) (0.6) = 0.48 f(Bb) = 0.50
200
70
f(bb) = (0.6)2 = 0.36 f(bb) = 0.35
200

Observed and expected genotype frequencies are nearly identical

so YES, the population is in HardyWeinberg equilibrium.

54. Many humans

eventually have their wisdom teeth removed. Some people are born with
four wisdom teeth, others are born with two, and some people never have
them at all. Describe the necessary conditions for the evolution by
natural selection of the complete loss of wisdom teeth in humans. [Be
sure to keep your answer specific to this example of loss of wisdom
teeth.] (4 pts)

Individuals without wisdom teeth would have to have greater

fitness than individuals without wisdom teeth. There would have
to be differential survival and/or reproduction leading to only
people without wisdom teeth.

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Matching

55. Match a single letter from the right hand column that is indicative of
the feeding strategy of most members of each of the following groups.
Letters may be used more than once.
Be sure to write legibly! (10 pts.)

crinoid E A. carnivore

feather duster worm E B. herbivore

grasshopper B C. parasite

lamprey C D. scavenger

octopus A E. suspension or filterfeeder

scallop E

sea urchin B

sponge E

terrestrial snail B

wolf A

**Enjoy the rest of your summer!**

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 Name: ___________________________
Last First

ID#________________________

Gripe Sheet

Instructions:

1. Put your name at the top of the page (I tear it off from the rest of the
exam).

2. If you think that a question is ambiguous or confusing, indicate the

question number, the answer you gave, and the reason that you gave
this answer.

Question # Answer you gave Gripe

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