52

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J. (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th
New York: Garland Science.
Ashwell, M. And Gibson, S.(2009) Waist to Height Ratio Is a Simple and
Effective Obesity Screening Tool for Cardiovascular Risk Factors:
Analysis of Data from the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey
of Adults Aged 19-64 Years. Obes Facts. 2:97-103
Bray, G.A. (2005) Classification and Evaluation of the Overweight Patient. In
Bray, G.A. and Bouchard, C. (Ed.): Handbook of obesity Clinical
Aplications. 2 th. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc, pp:1-32
Coll, B. and Feinstein, S.B. (2008) Carotid intima-media thickness
measurements: techniques and clinical relevance. Current Atherosclerosis
Reports. 10:xxxx
Dahlan, M.S. (2011) Statistik untuk Kedokteran dan Kesehatan :
Deskriptif,Bivariatif dan Multivariat dilengkapi Aplikasi dengan
Menggunakan SPSS, Salemba Medika
Dahlan, M.S. (2013) Menentukan Rumus Besar Sampel. Dalam : Besar Sampel
dan Cara Pengambilan Sampel dalam Penelitian Kedokteran dan
Kesehatan. Ed 2. Salemba Medika. Jakarta. 18-19.
Davis, P.H., Dawson, J.D., Riley, W.A., Lauer, R.M., (2001) Carotid intimal-
medial thickness is related to cardiovascular risk factors measured From
Childhood Through Middle Age: The Muscatine Study. Circulation
104:2815-2819.
Depkes. (2013) Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Available from:
http://www.litbang.depkes.go.id/sites/download/rkd2013/Laporan_Riskesd
as2013. (diakses 10 Oct 2014)
Drake R, Vogl, A.W., Mitchell, A.V.M., (2012) Gray's Basic Anatomy.
Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc
Grundy, S.M.,(2002) Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Coronary
Atherosclerosis. Circulation. 105:2696-2698
Ko, G.T., Chow, C.C., Leung, G., Yeung, T.W., Chan, W.B., Lam, C.S., Lo
M., Lee, K.K., (2011) High rate of increased carotid intima-media
thickness and atherosclerotic plaques in Chinese asymptomatic subjects
with central obesity. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 27:833841
Kopelman, P.G. (2000) Obesity as a medical problem. Nature, 404: 635-643
Kotsis, V.T., Stabouli, S.V., Papamichel, C.M., Zakopoulos, N.A. (2006) Impact
of obesity in intima media thickness of carotid arteries. Obesity. 14 (10):
1708-1714
Kyrou, I., Weickert, M.O. (2010) Clinical Problems Caused by Obesity. Available
from http://www.endotext.org/obesity/obesity13/obesity13.htm [Diakses 2
November 2014]
Lo, J., Dolan, S.E., Kanter, J.N., Hemphill, L.C., Corbelly, J.M., Lees, R.S.,
Grinspoon, S.K. (2006) Effects of obesity, body composition, and
adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Women. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91(5): 16771682.
 53

Maher, V., Dowd, M.O., Carey, M., Markham, C., Byrne, A., Hand, E.,
Inerney, M.C. (2009) Association of central obesity with early Carotid
intima-media thickening is independent of that from other risk factors.
International Journal of Obesity. 33: 136-143
Mathieu, P., Lemieux I., Desprs, J.P., (2010) Obesity, inflammation, and
cardiovascular risk. Clinical pharmacology & Therapeutics. 87(4): 407-
416
OLeary, D.H., and Bots, M. L. (2010) Imaging of atherosclerosis: carotid
intimamedia thickness. European Heart Journal . 31: 1682-1689.
Oren, A., Vos, L.E., Uiterwaal, P.M., Gorissen, W.H.M., Grobee, D.E., Bots,
M.L. (2003) Change in body mass index from adolescence to young
adulthood and increased carotid intima-media thicnes at 28 years of age,
The atherosklerosis risk in young adult study. International Journal of
Obesity. 27: 1383-1390
Panigrahi, T.G., Panigrahi S., Wiechec E., Los M., (2009) Obesity:
pathophysiology and clinical management. Current Medicinal Chemistry,
6: 506-521
Redinger R.N. (2007) The pathophysiology of obesity and its clinical
manifestations. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 3 (11): 856-863
Reed, D., Dwyer, K.M., Dwyer, J.H. (2003) Abdominal obesity and carotid artery
wall thicness. The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis study. International
Journal of Obesity. 27: 1554-1551
Rodriguez, J.I.R., Marcos, M.A.G, Alonso, M.A.P. Conde, C.A., Sanchez, E.R.,
Ortiz, L.G. (2012) Abdominal obesity vs general obesity for identifying
arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis and wave reflection in
healthy, diabetics and hypertensive. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 12:3
Rumack, C.M., Wilson, S.R., Charboneau, J.W., Levine D. (2011) Diagnostic
Ultrasound, 4 ed. Mosby. Philadelphia
Sastroasmoro, S. (2002) Pemilihan Subyek Penelitian. Dalam : S. Sastroasmoro,
S. Ismael, eds. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Ed 2. Sagung
Seto. Jakarta. pp.67-76.
Schberle W. (2005) Ultrasonography in Vascular Diagnosis Examination
Technique and Protocol. Springer, Germany
Schuenke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U. (2010) THIEME Atlas of Anatomy
Head and Neuroanatomy. Thieme: New York
Singh, R.B., Mengi, S.A. Xu, Y.J., Arneja, A.S., Dhalla, N.S., (2002)
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial process. Exp Clin
Cardiol. 7(1): 40-53.
Slomianka, L., 2009. Vascular system. Available from
http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/vascular/vascular.html.
(diakses 18 Nov 2014)
Stein, J.H., Korcarz, C.E., Hurst, R.T., Lonn, E., Kendall, C.B., Mohler, E.R.,
Najjar, S.S., Rembold, C.M., Post, W.S.(2008) Use of carotid ultrasound
to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease
risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of
Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force Endorsed
 54

by the Society for Vascular Medicine. Journal of the American Society of

Echocardiography. 21(2):93-111
Stenslan B.E., Bonna, K.H., Joakimsen O (2001) Age and sex differences in
relationship between inherited and lifestyle risk factor and subclinical
atherosclerosis: the Tromso study. Atherosclerosis. 154:437-438
Tahmasebpour, H.R., Buckley, A.R., Cooperberg, P.L. (2005) Sonographic
Examination of the Carotid Arteries. RadioGraphics. 25:15611575.
Touboul, P.J., Hennerici, M.G., Meairs, S., Adams, H., Amarenco, P.,
Bornstein, N., Csiba, L., Desvarieux, M., et al. (2007) Mannheim
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus (20042006) An Update on
Behalf of the Advisory Board of the 3rd and 4th Watching the Risk
Symposium 13 th and 15 th European Stroke Conferences, Mannheim,
Germany, 2004, and Brussels, Belgium, 2006. Cerebrovasc Dis. 23:7580
Vasallo J., (2007) Pathogenesis of obesity. Journal of the Malta College of
Pharmacy Practice. 11: 19-22
Wang Z and Nakayama T. (2010) Inammation, a Link between Obesity and
Cardiovascular Disease. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of
Inammation. 1-13
WHO. (2000) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, WHO
Technical Report Series 894, Geneva.
WHO,IASO,IOTF. 2000. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its
treatment. Health Communications Australia: Melbourne. ISBN 0-
9577082-1-1.
WHO. (2014) Obesity and Overweight. Available from :
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ [Diakses 1
Novemberi 2014]
Yan, R.T., Anderso, T.J., Charbonneau, F., Title, L., Verma, S., Lonn, E. (2005)
Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and brachial
artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged healthy men. JACC.
45(12):19806