10 Configuration and Layout of HVDC Terminal 08100 ansmission system has two or more terminal substations and HVDC lines). The parts of two terminal HVDC system and various equipments in AC yard, valve hall and DC yard have been described. The layout and schematic diagrams have been reviewed. 10-1, Introduction An HVDC Transmission system has the following essential parts : —AC substation and HVDC substation at each terminal —Intereonnecting HVDC line(s) — Electrode lines and earth electrodes. ___ The HVDC side has one or two poles. A 'pole’ has same polarity with respect to earth. The pole includes substation pole and line pole. iwo-terminal HVDC transmission system (2TDC) has only two terminal substations and two earth electrodes. A Multi-terminal sxbetetiaesmlssion system (MTDC) has three or more termind! diffrent locarene number of earth electrodes, all located The Neutral points of Bi _ separate electra no Bipolar convertor terminal i earthed vi th electrode i ind a remote Jectrode. The eat Mubetaton oetted 5.0 25 km amy ee eet Te nin C objects Are enting galvanic corrosion of the buried metalli Fig. 10.1 fie ‘oearth return current of HVDC transmission. HVDC trang; strates a typi js rin Nsmisgt pical scheme of a bipolar two-te ond ofthe ng on 2st2m. The HVDC terninol substation at each ~ AC Switchyney 08 line has following essential parts? — ACH, _ = Convers Mi filters (F) and shunt compensation (SC) ~ Convert *@sformers (7) : 7 valves (vy) housed in valve halls. ee: Scanned by CamScanner8 ONFIGURATION AND LAYOUT OF Hypo ‘TERMINAL ring panels along with con- Control room located in between two 'd monito: trol cables installed in — Control, protection an, valve halls, “qqeuyunioy ovo 3B A{u0) soyearg sajsuea], waNIey OPIN = GLU ‘Warshg woIsspusuVAy, OAH Wepodtg ‘eatutsay, Z ¥ Jo wesseiq oPWOYPS TOL BLT 3 tw 310d 2 Z-1WNINY3L J rsinaan el for Bipolar to inal. Monopolar change over. MRTB in one termi) — Smoothing reactors (R), one for each pole. ard with switching arrangement yi t | —— auvk ov b= = t-~ SS Wr Ov auva‘o"a i-370d ‘auvasa ~ Electrical and Mechanical Auxiliaries (not shown) — HVDC line poles. — Electrode lines (EL) and Earth Electrodes (E) — Station earthing system. — Hype a Scanned by CamScanner_— AN BHV-AC HVDC TRANSMISSION pry wa tes the main parts mentioned above, AC NETWORK + SWITCHGEAR AC SUBSTN. ‘SHUNT, COMP. @AC FILTERS HVDC TERMINAL-1 BIOPOLAR HVDC LINE D.C. FILTER CONVERTOR- VALVES CONVERTOR- TRANSFORMERS A.C. SUB. STN. ACFILTERS & COMPENSATION HVDC TERMINAL-2 AC NETWORK 2 = ~ 102. Main parts of Bipolar 2 Terminal HVDC System reathe ig, we terminal substati fi Cis calle’ Rectifier Te station which converts AC to D' “called Inverter tenn The terminal which converts DC to AC is cal t or inverter mode sgeeTY terminal is designed to operate in Te for simplicity.” Pe ation and can be called as Convertor #@” Airis e thyristor valves fe Water cooled, vertically installed qu*4t fs are installed in eyes om MOnly used for rectifier and inverter" gl Substations are jen designed 'Valve halls’, The rs, te earlier experiengg i"°4 With due regards to local con i ditions rience, techni chnical and economical asnects. Scanned by CamScannercoNFIGURATION AND LAYOUT OF HVDC TERMINAL 2438 2, Configuration of a Terminal Substation 10° Fig. 10-3 illustrates the schematic diagram and mai abipolar 2-Terminal HVDC transmission yetac a Both the terminal substations (Terminal-1 and Terminal-2) are similar but not identical. The ratings of convertor transformers and AC filters may be different. Ref. Fig. 10-1 and 10-2 also. The AC yard (1) has AC switchgear, busbars, CTs, VTs, surge arresters etc. One-and-a half breaker arrangement is preferred. Arresters in AC yard are co-ordinated with surge arresters in DC yard, valve hall and neighbouring AC yards in the network. In some HVDC terminal substations, SFg GISis used for AC substation. With SF¢ GIS, the space required by AC yard is reduced to about one- tenth of conversional open terminal AC substation. Convertor transformers (T) are connected between convertor valves and the AC bus. These are specially designed as they havea d.c. voltage component coming from valve side. They are either single phase units, or three phase units and are either two winding type or three winding type. Convertor transformers are installed near the Valve Hall. They are connected between AC busbars and convertor valves. The type and numbers of convertor transformers per pole depends upon the choice of transformers viz. single phase or three phase units whether 2winding type or 3 winding type. The transformers are outdoor type, forced oil, forced air cooled. (OFAF). Operation of thyristor convertor valves results in generation of AC harmonics. AC filters (F) are connected to the AC busbars at each end. (Refer Chapter 7). AC Harmonic Filters (F) cover a larage area near AC yard. These filters are composed of resistor banks, reactors, capacitor banks, They eliminate the AC harmonics arising out of the convertor eration. Shunt Compensation (C) is provided by shunt capacitors. ey supply reactive power needed for convertor operation. (Refer hapter 7), Modern HVDC convertors employ 12-pulse thyristor conver- tors, The quadri-valves receive AC power from convertor transform: and deliver DC power to DC poles (or vice versa) convertor mmprises a convertor bridge formed by convertor valves (V) con- fase f@ the secondary of convertor transformers in a definite ries connected thyristors. Valyes De cennected in bri i transfer power from AC to din bridge formation. Valves transter power Iro Ox), Or vice versa. Valves are usually cooled by pure deionised, de- idised water. Such water is a dielectric cooling medium. _ Each valve is made-up of se Scanned by CamScannerEHV-AC & HVDC TRANSMISSION 4 ertor-valves are triggered by fe =, it ive The thyristors in con e DC valves and DC line is Contra ing it through th a : pulses. The current angle of firing the thyristors. A bipolar jy! by adjusting a val ve halls, one for each pole. Three q Hypo subst re housed in one valve hall, wadrup), of one pole a! - . valves talled in specially designed valve halls, Bag Ives are ins' 4 valve ya has three vertical quadruple valves. (Ref. Fig. 6.5), ‘The control room is generall y located in-between the two val, halls. HVDC yard is located between the valve halls and the Hvp¢ lines. ‘The equipments in HVDC yard include smoothing reactors, Dc filters, DC measuring devices, DC surge arresters, switching devices, neutral bus, pole bus, DC circuit breakers for switching over fron metallic return to earth return and (vice versa), ete. Smoothing reactors are oil-filled and of high inductance (04 Henry). One smoothing reactor is connected in series with the each pole. HVDC line going out from HVDC yard has one positive pole conductor and one negative pole conductor. The bipolar HVDC lineis connected between the two terminal substations. The two terminals are linked by power line carrier communication (PLCC) channel. Each terminal has associated earth electrode and electrode li# (Chapter 9). ___ The equipment in HVDC substation and transmission lineare divided into two poles such that either Bipolar or Monopolar ope"* tion is possible. as Abipolar, two terminal HVDC transmission system is usually signed to operate in following four operating modes : — Bipolar operation (BO) —Monopolar Operation Metallic Return (MOMR) — Monopolar Operation Ground Return (MOGR) 7 Operation Station Ground (MOSG). ys e switching devices in D i Metallic Tr in DC yard include Mets he ‘ansfer Breaker (MRTB) installed in the neutral bus in one terminals. Thi: ' a aus This breaker is capable of interrupting ©" sot converts, leettode line is connected between the neutral vert and a remote earth electrode. w In addition to the main equi in Fig Oa 7 4 main equipment indicated in FX "contr?" terminal substation has several ystems for protectiom ey Scanned by CamScanner