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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Abstract
operation of safety and health, the performance indicators should be taken to measure the
management of safety and health for continual improvement in the prevention of workplace
evaluation framework for occupational safety and health management was developed.
MethodsThe Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was applied to confirm and finalize this
evaluation framework.
ResultsThe five major domain of this research are material and equipment management,
occupational accidents prevention, equality of the sexes, process safety assessment, and
promotion of safety and health culture. Under these five major domains, it developed 25
method.
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
1. Foreword
occupational safety and health services cover only five to ten percent of labors; even when in
developed countries, the ratio was between twenty to fifty percent. Due to the low coverage of
decreasing human resource, and increasing employment in small and medium enterprises, the
method of traditional safety and health services, which emphasizes the acknowledgement,
to the International Labor Organizations measurement of professional safety and health, the
occupational injury system of our country is still immature in various terms, including
laboring inspection, safety inspection for machinery, equipment and tools, chemical
management, occupational safety and health promotion, etc. Improvement and development is
required.
2. Research Purpose
The goal of the research is to set up the occupational safety and health inspection
organization in our country. By collecting and aggregating occupational safety and health
management methods both home and abroad, thereby developing our domestic occupational
safety and health inspection system and measurement, this research aims to produce a better
instrument for different industries to measure their own safety and health condition, so as to
prevent harm and improve safety and health. The details are:
1. To collect home and abroad relating occupational safety and health management
3. By applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) survey domestic experts and scholars, to
filter an occupational safety and health inspection system suited for our country.
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
3. Research Method
This research would be using literature collecting and surveying, so as to collect home
and abroad literatures relating to occupational safety and health management, then applying
the Fuzzy Delphi Method in surveying domestic experts and scholars to assure the
The Fuzzy Sets Theory was first put forward by control theorist Zadeh of UC Berkley. It
express the uncertainty of things. The way people solve problems is similar to it, with many
subjective expressions being blurry, having unclear boundaries, and difficult to explain with
binary logic. Hence, professor Zadeh utilized membership function to stipulate the features of
fuzzy sets. The function outputs values between 0 and 1 to expresses the level of uncertainty.
Since the fuzzy sets theory tolerates uncertainty in the process, it can effectively solve the
uncertainty problems in real life. Hence, applying the fuzzy sets theory upon multi - criteria
assessment problems might improve the rationality of the assessments. Ishikawa et al. (1993)
introduced fuzzy theory into the Delphi method, as well as setting up Max-min and Fuzzy
Integration methods. It has the advantage of including opinions of other experts, decreasing
investigation frequency, lowering consumed time and assets, and the clear predicted semantic
structure.
There are many research in our country using Fuzzy Delphi methods (Chen, 2001;
Zheng, 2001), which could effectively decrease investigation frequency. They utilized the
double triangle fuzzy technique to integrate the opinion of experts, and were able to
effectively examine whether the opinions of experts are consistent by the gray zone
examination. This research follows the same method to confirm the experts and scholars
opinions and advices to occupational safety and health management inspection system, so as
to make the outcome more objective and practical. The procedure of the inspection is detail
below.
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
4. Results
This research integrates home and abroad relative literatures and focus on the revision of
our domestic occupational safety and health regulation. It also invites domestic experts and
scholars to select the inspection systems suited for domestic occupational safety and health
prevention, equality of the sexes, process safety assessment, and promotion of safety and
Material and equipment management includes 1-1 equipment standard safety regulation,
1-2 equipment and material hazard labeling, 1-3 new equipment and material hazard
inspection, 1-4 safety and health purchasing management, and 1-5 essence safe equipment
Occupational accidents prevention includes 2-1 safety and health equipment and
measures, 2-2 new occupational disease prevention and management, 2-3 workplace violence
prevention, 2-4 occupational injury patient caring, 2-5 operation environment inspection and
Equality of the sexes includes 3-1 female workers job type specification and protection,
3-2 female employment protection and anti-discrimination, 3-3 female parental protection and
Process safety assessment includes 4-1 process safety risk assessment, 4-2 professional
safety assessment personnel appointment and training, 4-3 emergency respond planning and
drilling, 4-4 process modifying safety assessment, and 4-5 regular inspecting and updating
results.
Promotion of safety and health culture includes 5-1 improved reported tracking system,
5-2 setting up safety and health advisory system, 5-3 safety and health management
inspection system, 5-4 introducing occupational safety and health management system, and
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
(2)Fuzzy Delphi Method Survey Results
This research utilizes Fuzzy Delphi Method survey to consult experts. From the outcome
detailed in graph 2, we could set up the survey of experts opinion, with the targets having the
professional knowledges essential to understanding it. Hence, the target must be selected from
experts of occupational safety and health, so as to provide precious ideas about the integrity
and suitability of the occupational safety and health management system. We had twelve
The survey was sent on June 3rd 2013, and all were retrieved by June 29th, 2013. Some
experts advices had been supplemented. This research utilized the double triangle fuzzy
technique to examine whether the value (Mi-Zi) is larger than 0, which indicates the opinions
of experts are consistent. The outcome of the first survey is sorted in table 1, in which all 25
consensus value Gi. The threshold value, which would affect the outcome of inspection
measurement filtered, was decided by using the Delphi Method, which usually calls for
subjective judgement. In general, the threshold is usually set on 6.00 to 7.00 on a scale of 0 to
10. This research uses 7 as threshold so as to guarantee the precise Table 1 illustrates that all
drafted measurements passed the examination, and all consensus values are higher than 7. The
highest five consensus values are 2-1, 2-2, 2-4, 4-1, and 2-5. Four of which are related to
occupational hazard prevention, which indicates that experts generally view prevention of
accidents as the most important issue. To take a close look, the consensus values of 2-1 and
2-2 are even higher than 9, showing that experts consider facilities of safety and health should
be frequently restored and maintained, and should be repaired or improved immediately when
irregular was noticed as cited by the regulation. In addition, since overworking and new
occupational illness are spreading, firms should enhance the labor health service system
including health management, health improvement, and to assist safety and health personnel
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
This research aggregates relevant domestic and overseas literature resources and aims on
domestic safety and health law amendment focal points, which includes material and
safety assessment, and promotion of safety and health culture, with 25 inspection
fields to affirm domestic occupational safety and health management inspection system. It
could be used as reference in future law amendments, and to be a useful tool for industries
that are not included by safety and health regulations to take a look at possible improvements.
However, the occupational safety and health management inspection system set up by
this research was based on the 2013 domestic law amendment focal points. If one hopes to
have a more detailed examination on a specific industry or process, than one needs to increase
its ratio in the measurements. Additionally, if domestic industries are willing to promote
occupational safety and health management in the future, they could use this inspection
system as a trial to find out the unfulfilled improvements, and then develop into a strategy in
6. Limlits
This research is aimed at proposing an evaluation system for occupational safety and health
regulations, and to be suitable for safety and health management references. However it may
7. Appreciation
Wed like to thank all cooperating scholars for supporting and providing advices.
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
References
1. Xu, S.J. (1995). A Study on Fuzzy PERT and the Related Issues. Master's dissertation of
Tunghai University.
2. Cheng, J.H. (2011). Indexes of Competitive Power and Core Competence in Selecting
3. Ministry of Labor (2013). Occupational Safety and Health Act. Retrieved from
http://laws.mol.gov.tw/Chi/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.asp
4. Jeng, T.B. (2001). Fuzzy Assessment Model for Maturity of Software Organization in
Improving its Staff's Capability. Master's dissertation of National Taiwan Science and
Technology University.
5. International Labor Office, ILO (2003). Global strategy on occupational safety and
http://ilo.org/safework/info/policy-documents/WCMS_107535/lang--en/index.htm
6. International Social Security Association, ISSA (2008). Seoul Declaration on Safety and
7. Ishikawa, A., Amagasa, M., Shiga, T., Tomizawa, G., Tatsuta, R., & Mieno, H. (1993).
The max-min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration. Fuzzy sets
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Occupational
Safety and
1-1 equipment standard safety regulation
Health
Management material and
Inspection equipment
1-2 equipment and material hazard labeling
System management
1-3 new equipment and material hazard inspection
1-4 safety and health purchasing management
1-5 essence safe equipment and material selection
2-1 safety and health equipment and measures
Table 1.
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Table 2. Fuzzy Delphi Expert Survey Filtered Statistic Outcome
Most Most
examination Experts
Conservative Optimistic
Facets Measurements value consensus
Value Value
(Mi-Zi) value (Gi)
CiL CiM CiU OiL OiM OiU
1-1 equipment standard
5 7.07 8 8 9.40 10 2.33 8.23
safety regulation
1-2 equipment and material
5 6.50 9 7 8.93 10 0.43 7.87
hazard labeling
material and
1-3 new equipment and
equipment 5 7.16 8 8 9.33 10 2.17 8.24
material hazard inspection
management
1-4 safety and health
5 6.58 9 8 9.23 10 1.65 8.34
purchasing management
1-5 essence safe equipment
5 6.79 9 8 9.42 10 1.63 8.39
and material selection
2-1 safety and health
6 7.78 10 9 9.61 10 0.84 9.22
equipment and measures
2-2 new occupational disease
5 7.35 10 9 9.71 10 1.36 9.21
prevention and management
2-3 workplace violence
occupational 5 6.63 8 8 8.86 10 2.24 7.75
prevention
accidents
2-4 occupational injury
prevention 5 7.00 8 9 9.43 10 3.43 8.70
patient caring
2-5 operation environment
6 7.49 9 8 9.31 10 0.82 8.46
inspection and management
2-6 medical management
6 7.23 8 8 9.33 10 2.10 8.28
system implementation
3-1 female workers job type
6 6.86 8 8 9.25 10 2.39 8.06
specification and protection
3-2 female employment
protection and 6 6.85 8 8 9.14 10 2.30 7.99
equality of anti-discrimination
the sexes 3-3 female parental
6 7.03 8 8 9.24 10 2.21 8.14
protection and planning
3-4 female workers
occupational health 5 6.83 8 8 9.03 10 2.20 7.93
protection
process 4-1 process safety risk 6 7.37 9 8 9.42 10 1.05 8.47
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Most Most
examination Experts
Conservative Optimistic
Facets Measurements value consensus
Value Value
(Mi-Zi) value (Gi)
CiL CiM CiU OiL OiM OiU
safety assessment
assessment 4-2 professional safety
assessment personnel 6 7.37 9 8 9.31 10 0.94 8.44
appointment and training
4-3 emergency respond
5 6.92 9 7 9.02 10 0.11 7.99
planning and drilling
4-4 process modifying safety
7 7.38 9 8 9.23 10 0.85 8.43
assessment
4-5 regular inspecting and
5 7.26 9 8 9.12 10 0.86 8.39
updating results
5-1 improved reported
6 7.35 9 8 9.32 10 0.97 8.44
tracking system
5-2 setting up safety and
6 7.19 8 8 8.90 10 1.71 8.04
health advisory system
5-3 safety and health
promotion of
management inspection 5 6.89 9 8 9.05 10 1.15 8.33
safety and
system
health
5-4 introducing occupational
culture
safety and health 5 7.18 9 8 9.13 10 0.96 8.38
management system
5-5 high level managers
safety leadership and 5 6.86 9 7 9.11 10 0.25 7.99
communicate inspections
CiL CiM CiU Oi L Oi M OiU (Mi-Zi) (Gi)
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Most Most
examination Experts
Conservative Optimistic
Facets Measurements value consensus
Value Value
(Mi-Zi) value (Gi)
CiL CiM CiU OiL OiM OiU
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Occupation Safety and Health Framework Evaluation Developing
Most Most
examination Experts
Conservative Optimistic
Facets Measurements value consensus
Value Value
(Mi-Zi) value (Gi)
CiL CiM CiU OiL OiM OiU
14