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Linearity: the difference in the bias values through the expected operating
range of the gage
R 0.51
e 0.44
d 2* 1.16
(m=2, g=10)
Estimating reproducibility
Two methods to estimate the reproducibility:
Comparing each appraisers average with that of the other appraiser
The standard deviation of reproducibility ( reproducibility ) is
estimated by finding the range between appraisers ( R o ) and
divided by d 2*
m repeatability
2
reproducibility
2
(0.44)2 0 0.44
An alternative method: rearranging the data so that all readings for a given
part become a single row
o Average chart
X 118.85
LCL X A 2 R 118.85 0.729 1 118.12
UCL X A 2 R 118.85 0.729 1 119.58
Example:
9.9
9
.
9
Estimating linearity
Can be determined by choosing parts or standards that cover all or most of the
operating range of the measurement instrument
Bias is determined at each point in the range and a linear regression analysis is
performed
Linearity is defined as the slope times the process variance or the tolerance
(whichever greater).
Example:
Five parts were chosen. Each part was measured 12 times by a single
appraiser
The p-values indicate that the result is statistically significant, that is,
there is actually a bias in the gage
The slop of the line is -0.132, and the intercept is 0.74
R2=0.98, indicating that the straight line explains about 98% of the
variation in the bias readings
The results:
0.62
Accuracy is the average of the accuracy scores for the 2 days combined (see
table 9.9); that is,
1+0+1+0 1+0+0+1
( + )2 = 0.5
4 4
, 0) 0.38