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IoT in Indian Electricity

Transmission & Distribution


Sectors

Somesh Kumar
Partner & Leader Power & Utilities, Indian subcontinent

The better the question. The better the answer.


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Table of Contents

21st century electricity grid


IoT in Indian Transmission and Distribution utilities

Key Transmission use case in India: PMUs

Key Distribution use case in India: AMI

Lessons learnt from initial IoT projects in India

Interoperability: The Achilles Heel of IoT in India

Indias response to IoT challenge

Page 2 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


How does the 21st century grid operate?

Shift from Centralised Generation Consumers becoming Prosumers:


to Distributed Generation Two-way flow of electrons and revenue

Investment in 21st Century EVs as VPPs for short-term


Transmission v/s Energy Storage Electricity Grid balancing of the grid

Power flow monitored and controlled in Smart metering and IEDs:


LV grid up to end customer Two-way flow of information

Two-way flow of electrons, information and revenue is making the grid more complex!
Increased automation and IT is leading to a more vulnerable grid prone to cyber attacks.

Page 3 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


What does IoT means to Indian
Distribution & Transmission Utilities?

Phasor
Advanced Metering
Measurement Units
Infrastructure
(PMUs)
(AMI)
Automated
Renewable
Meter Reading SCADA/DMS SCADA/EMS
Integration
(AMR)

Distribution Transmission

DER, EVs, Energy Substation Substation


Asset Management
Storage and Automation Automation
via NTAMC
Microgrids
Home and Building
Energy Storage
Energy
Management

While Indian transmission utilities are much more advanced in adopting IoT, distribution utilities
are at the threshold of adopting novel technologies for operating the grid.

Page 4 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


Deep diving into a key Distribution use case in
India: Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

Challenge Solution
High electricity theft Remote reading of consumption data and events
Low billing efficiency Remote control of electricity supply to premises
High human errors Time of Use tariffs for managing peak demand
Inability to perform real Capability to switch from post-paid to pre-paid
time energy accounting IPv6 mandated for smart meters
Increasing tariff Low-CAPEX business models to reduce financial strain
Low customer satisfaction Revenue sharing business models for a win-win situation
for DISCOM, Industry and Customer
Analytics: Consumption Patterns, Load Forecasting,
Infrastructure Investment, Outage Detection, Voltage
Anomalies etc.

IoT network deployed for smart meters must be leveraged for other low throughput,
low power applications such as Distribution Automation, Home/Building Automation,
Demand Response, Street Light Automation, etc.

Page 5 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


Deep diving into a key Transmission use case in
India: Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs)

Challenge Solution
Lack of granular data Granular data (10s of samples per second) measurement from
Steady state data from PMUs
EMS/SCADA is insufficient Synchronised phasor measurements
Inability to prevent cascaded OPGW for low latency communication from PMUs to PDCs
failures leading to blackouts and control centres
Reduced grid stability NLDC storage capacity expansion for petabyte data transfer
Low transmission line capacity Analytics: System Disturbance Characterisation, Oscillatory
utilization Stability Management, Event Forensics, Dynamic Model
Validation etc.

India has one of the most complex electricity grid and has benefitted from one of the worlds
largest PMUs deployment thereby reducing the threat and scope of blackouts!

Page 6 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


Lessons learnt from initial IoT projects in Indian
power sector
GSM, CDMA and ZigBee: Low data reliability of 50-60%
Communication for Need integrated smart meters using IPv6-based RF/PLC/Cellular communications
AMR

Program was 100% funded by Central Government


RAPDRP Need utilitys skin in projects!
IPDS and DDUGJY launched with only 60% funding from Central Government

High CAPEX discouraged DISCOMs from undertaking AMI projects


Business Models Need low-CAPEX business models based on Leasing and Services & Revenue Sharing
Models

DISCOMs and Municipal Corporations have parallel and redundant last mile communication
Smart Grid and networks
Smart City
Yet to see unification of ideas between DISCOMs and Municipal Corporations
Missions

Many smart grid pilots did not taken off


Capacity Building Need component-specific capacity building for smart grids
NSGM provisioned USD 1.2 million for 2 years for capacity building

Page 7 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


Challenges in IoT in the Indian Power Sector

1 Lack of sufficient RF spectrum for interplay between smart grids and smart cities

2 Lack of successfully implemented innovative business models in power sector

3 Absence of guidelines on cyber security for IoT devices deployed in power sector

4 Lack of understanding of majority of utilities about core aspects of IoT

5 Absence of IPv6-based last mile connectivity demonstrations in power sector

Absence of harmonization between smart grids and smart cities from an IoT
6 perspective

7 Absence of interoperability in IoT devices in power sector

Page 8 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


Interoperability: The Achilles Heel of IoT in India

Equipment manufacturer-
BAU NIC-level interoperability
level interoperability

Vendor lock-in Partial vendor lock-in No vendor lock-in


Same (fixed) equipment Multiple meter manufacturers Multiple meter manufacturers
manufacturer
Same (fixed) NIC manufacturer Same (fixed) NIC manufacturer Multiple NIC manufacturers (if a
(could also be proprietary) (could also be proprietary) standardised communication
technology is chosen)
Not scalable Scalability will be a function of Most scalable (as additional
capability of NIC manufacturer equipment and NIC can be
purchased from multiple
manufacturers)
High system lifetime cost if multiple Moderate system lifetime cost (No Least system lifetime cost (No
equipment and NIC manufacturers equipment manufacturer-lock in; but manufacturer lock-in)
are chosen in subsequent tenders is a NIC manufacturer lock-in)
(as each would require different
mesh elements and HES)

Page 9 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


How is India standing up to the IoT challenge in the
power sector?
v Planning to expand the existing unlicensed spectrum (865-867 MHz) by allocating 10-12
MHz
v Planning to regulate frequency bands for PLC communications (0-500 KHz for NB PLC
DoT and 2-20 MHz for BPL)
v Mandated IPv6 for all devices being deployed from December 2017
v Would issue regulations for using TVWS technology soon

MoP v Decided to set up 11 REMCs for monitoring renewable generation thereby leading to a
& reliable grid
Regulators v Regulators are becoming more receptive towards approving innovative business models

v Issued smart meter standards (IS 16444 and IS 15959 Part 2)


v Formulating standards for PMUs and cyber security for power systems
BIS
v Formulating standards for IoT and Smart Infrastructure (covering smart grids and smart
cities)

v Considering standards-based IPv6 solutions for last mile connectivity for smart meters
DISCOMs and smart grids

v ISGF conceived the idea of using of Wi-Fi for smart metering


v ISGF formulated business model for smart metering based on Leasing and Services
Industry
v EY formulated business model for smart metering based on Revenue Sharing
v Industry is working closely with DoT for launching new IoT products

Page 10 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


IoT Enabling Framework in Indian Power Sector
Scalable, Reliable, Cost-Effective, Secure, Low-Latency and Interoperable IoT devices

Policies, Roadmaps
Standards and
Data Privacy Cyber Security
Regulations Specification
& Funding Spectrum Harmonization
Telecom
Standards Regulations

Innovative Interoperability
Utility Business Models Strategy
Capacity Building Analytics

Consumers Prosumers 100% Metering Energy Efficiency Benefit Awareness

Manufacturing Mature IPv6 Research and


Industry Capability
Low Cost Products
Solutions Development

Significant Progress Made Work in Progress Yet to Start

Page 11 IoT in Indian T&D Sectors


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