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Peraturan Pemarkahan
( Jawapan )
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MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 1
TRIAL KEDAH 2010
1. C 26. A
2. A 27. A
3. C 28. B
4. D 29. C
5. C 30. C
6. B 31. C
7. A 32. B
8. D 33. A
9. D 34. C
10. B 35. D
11. C 36. A
12. D 37. A
13. D 38. A
14. D 39. D
15. B 40. A
16. D 41. A
17. C 42. C
18. A 43. B
19. D 44. B
20. C 45. A
21. B 46. B
22. D 47 D
23. A 48. A
24. B 49. C
25. C 50. B
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4551/2
Biology PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETUA
Kertas 2 SEKOLAH MENENGAH
29 Ogos 2010 NEGERI KEDAH DARUL AMAN
1
2 hours
2
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2010
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
Two hours and thirty minutes
Peraturan Pemarkahan
( Jawapan )
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2
BIOLOGY
SECTION A
PAPER 2 [4551/2]
No. Marking Criteria / Sample Answers Marks
(b) P : Filaments 1
Q: Spiracles 1 2
(c) (R is ring of chitin which) support the tracheal / prevent the tracheal 1
from collapsing.
Diagram 1.2(b)
P1: The large number of tracheoles provides a large surface for the
diffusion of gases.
P2: Tip of tracheoles have thin permeable walls and contain fluid in
which respiratory gases can dissolve.
P3:Terminal ends of the tracheol remains moist which allows the
gases to be dissolved. 1
Any 1P
(e) (i) P1:( The gaseous exchange process occurs over the whole body 1
surface in an Amoeba sp) through simple diffusion.
P2:Higher concentration of oxygen in the water surrounding causes 1
oxygen to diffuse into the Amoeba.
P3:Higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the cell causes carbon 1
dioxide to diffuse out of the Amoeba.
Any 2P 2
(ii) S: Contractile vacuole 1
(iii) F : No 1
P1 : Plant cell consists of cell wall 1
P2 : Cell wall is made up of cellulose 1 2
// Cell wall able to withstand the pressure.
Any 2
Total 12
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4
(c) P1: Deamination.// The amino group is removed (from amino acid)/ 1
converted to ammonia .
P2: (Ammonia) is converted to urea. 1
P3: urea will be excreted through the kidneys. 1 2
Any 2 Ps
(d) L1: A major energy reserve in the body// 1
L2: (phospholipids are) components of the plasma membrane// 1
L3: Lipids is used as a respiratory substrate// 1
L4: Excess fats are stored in adipose tissues (under the skin, around 1
internal organs)
Any 1L
A1:Amino acids are used in protein synthesis// 1
A2:For repair and production of new protoplasm/growth and repair// 1
A3:Used in the formation of enzymes/ some hormones/protein part of 1
haemoglobin/ antibodies
Any 1A
Total 12
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5
4 (a)
Any two
(ii) P1: Cut the supply of O2/ nutrients to the heart muscle 1
P2: causing chest pain / angina / heart attack / myocardial infarction 1 2
Reject ‘Heart problem’
(e) (i) P1: platelets break down and release chemicals 1
P2: to cause platelets to stick to each other 1
P3: platelets clump together to form a plug to prevent blood loss . 1
P4: released thrombokinase and other clotting factors 1 2
Any 2P
Total 12
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6
(c) F : Commensalism 1
P1 : Shark is the host / neither gain any benefit nor harmed. 1
P2 : Remora benefits 1
P3 : Remora obtain protection / food / transport from the shark. 1 3
Any 3
Total 12
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7
BIOLOGY
SECTION A
PAPER 2 [4551/2] - ESSAY
No. Marking Scheme Mark
8
6(c) (i) Abiotic factors that cause variation between the two sets of ginger plants
are:
F1: Sun light 1
P1: Plants need light energy to carry out photosynthesis for 1
growth
P2: Set A, plants are obtain more / exposed to sunlight 1
// Plants in set B obtain less sunlight / not exposed to Sunlight.
P3 : Growth rate of plants in Set A is higher than plants in Set B. 1
F2: Space 1
P4: Plants need (space) to grow a large root system / leaves 1
P5: Plants able to absorb sufficient water and minerals/sunlight. 1
P6: Set A, plants have larger space for the root and leaves to 1
Grow // Plants in set B have smaller space for the root and
leaves to grow.
Total 20
Total 20
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10
No. Marking Scheme Mark
8 (a)(i) P1 fish have streamline shapes // the anterior of the fish is 1
smooth and rounded // the body is long and tapers
towards the end.
P2 the body of a fish is covered with scales that have a 1 2
slimy coating
(a)(ii) P1 myotomes muscles are arranged in both side of the body 1
P2 the vertebral column of the fish is flexible and can bent 1
from side to side
P3 myotome muscles act antagonistically in fish./ carry out 1
opposite action in a fish
P4 when the muscles on right side contract, the muscle on 1
the left side relax
P5 the tail/body will be bent to the right. 1
P6 when the muscles on left side contract, the muscle on 1
the right side relax
P7 the tail/body will be bent to the left. 1
P8 alternate contraction of the right and left myotome block 1
enable its tail to move left and right
P9 to produce a force that propel the fish forward. 1 Max
[ any 6] 6
(b)(i) Similarities:
F1 Both Joint S and Joint T has a cavity filled with 1
svnovial fluid // lined with synovial membrane
El Synovial fluid acts as lubricant to reduce friction 1
between bones // absorbs shock of the movement.
F2 The end surfaces of the humerus bone of Joint S and 1
Joint T are covered with cartilage
E2 To protect the bone / reduce friction between the bones 1
F3 Both Joint S and T are connected with ligaments 1
E3 to absorb shock // strengthen the articulation of bones/ joint. 1
Differences:
D1 Joint S is hinge joint 1
E4 Joint S allows the movement of bones in one plane / 1
direction
D2 Joint T is ball-and-socket joint. 1 Max
E5 Joint T allows rotational movement of bones in 1 8
all directions.
[ any 8 ]
8 (b)(ii) Osteoporosis
P1 : the bone become thinner / more brittle / porous / fragile. 1
P2 : Loss of bone mass. 1
P3 : Lack of calcium / phosphorus / vitamin D 1
Arthritis
P4 : Cartilage between bones become thinner. 1
P5 : Ligaments become shorter / loss elasticity 1
P6 : Less production of synovial fluid. 1 Max
P7 : The joints become swollen / stiff / painful 1 4
[ any 4 ]
Total 20
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11
Any 10
Total 20
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Peraturan Pemarkahan
( Jawapan )
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Skema Biology P3 2
1 (a)
Date / Tarikh Set A Set B Set C
Score 3 : 3 ticks
Score 2 : 2 ticks
Score 1 : 1 tick
Score 0 : 0 tick / no answer
Horizontal:
3. In day 1/ 16 Nov, bananas in set A have turn yellow ,
bananas in Set B and Set C still in green and yellowish
green colour.
4. In day 2/ 17 Nov, bananas in set A still in yellowish
green, bananas in set B and set C have been turn yellow.
2 Able to state two different observations inaccurately.
Sample Answers :
1. Bananas in set C turn yellow the fastest.
2. Bananas in set A turn yellow the slowest.
Scoring
Scoring
Correct Inaccurate Idea Wrong Score
2 - - - 3
1 1 - -
- 2 - - 2
1 - 1 -
- - 2 -
1 - - 1 1
- 1 1 -
- 1 - 1
1 1 0
Sample answer :
Responding
variable
Constant variable
All 6 ticks
2 4 to 5 ticks
1 2 to 3 ticks
0 None of the above OR No response
Sample answers :
1. The more the number of ripe mangoes / the higher Has all P1,
the concentration of ethylene, the faster the bananas P2 and H.
to ripen/ become ripe / turn yellow.
Sample answers :
1. Time / day taken by the unripe bananas to ripen is Has any 2
affected by / depend on the number of mangoes / aspect
concentration of ethylene. ( No H / relationship )
Sample answer :
1. Ripe mangoes induce the unripe bananas to ripen /
turn yellow. ( No P1, P2 and H )
1(e)(i)
Sample Answer :
Relationship :
P1 = Able to state the relationship between the
manipulated variable and responding variable.
Explanation :
P2 = Able to state mangoes produce / release ethylene.
P3 = Ethylene induce the ripening of bananas.
Sample answer :
Sample answer :
Prediction :
P1 : Able to predict the time taken for the unripe bananas to
turn yellow / ripen.
Explanation :
P2 : Able to state that without the cover, ethylene diffuse
into the surrounding.
Sample answer :
1 (i)
Able to classify the factors in Table 3 correctly.
Score 3 : 3 ticks
Score 2 : 2 ticks
Score 1 : 1 tick
Score 0 : 0 tick
Question 2
Explanation Score
01 Able to state problem statement by relating P1, P2 and P3 in a 3
question form correctly.
P1- manipulated variable P1+P2+P3
The deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution/types of
culture solution
P2-responding variable
The height of seedling/growth rate of seedling
P3-question form (What …? )
Sample answer:
1. What is the effect of nitrogen deficiencies in culture solution (P1)
on the height / the growth rate of seedling (P2)? (P3)
2. How does the deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution (P1)
affects the height / the growth rate of seedling (P2) ? (P3)
Able to state problem statement inaccurately 2
Sample answer: P1+P2/
1. What is the effect of deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution P1+P3/
on plants ? (P1+P3) P2+P3
2. The height / growth rate of seedling is affected by the
deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution (no P3)
Able to state the idea 1
Sample answer : P1/P2/P3
1. The deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution affects the
plants ( no P2 + P3)
No response or wrong response 0
Explanation Score
Able to state the hypothesis by relating two variables correctly 3
02 (P1+P2+H) P1+P2+H
P1- manipulated variable
The deficiencies of nitrogen in culture solution/ the types of
culture solution
P2-responding variable
The height of seedling/ the growth rate of seedling
H-relationship
Sample answer:
1. The height / growth rate of seedling (P2) is lower / slower (H) in
nitrogen deficiencies of culture solution.(P1)
2. In complete culture solution (P1), the higher/ slower (H) , the
height / the growth rate of seedling (P2)
3. The height / the growth rate of seedling (P2) is higher (H) in
complete Knop’s solution (P1)
4. In complete Knop’s solution (P1), the height of seedling / the
growth rate (P2) is higher (H)
12
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Skema Biology P3 13
To air pump/pam
13
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Skema Biology P3 14
√ Distilled water
√ Cotton wool
√ Black paper
APPARATUS (A)
√ Glass jar
√ Glass tubing
√ L – shaped delivery tubes
√ Air pump
√ Rubber bung
√ Ruler
Notes :
Score Material (M) Apparatus
(A)
3 7M 6A
2 5M 3A
3M 2A
1 2M 1A
1M 1A
Able to list any 5 materials and any 3 apparatus related to the
experiment ( 5M + 3A / 3M + 2A ) 2
Able to list any 2 material and any 1 apparatus related to the 1
experiment (2M + 1A / 1M + 1A)
Wrong response or no response 0
14
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Skema Biology P3 15
Explanation Score
Able to construct a table to record data with the following aspects B2 = 1
- Titles mark
- Data is not required
A Distilled water
B Complete Knop’s
Solution
C Nitrogen Deficient
in culture solution
Measure the height of seedling from the tip of the shoot to the root
by using ruler OR
Calculate the growth rate of seedling by using formula :
The growth rate of seedlings= The height of seedling (cm)
Time taken (days)
Explanation Score
Able to state 7-9 aspects of experimental planning correctly : 3
03 √Statement of problem
√Objective
√Hypothesis
√Variables ( The three variables are correct)
√List of materials and apparatus
√Technique used
√Procedure
√Presentation of data
√Conclusion
Note:
7-9 √- 3 marks
4-6 √- 2 marks
1-3 √- 1 mark
15
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Skema Biology P3 16
Sample Answer :
√Problem Statement
01=3
What is the effect of nitrogen deficiencies in culture solution on the height /growth rate of
seedling ?
√Aim of experiment
To study the effect of nitrogen deficiencies in culture solution on the height/ growth rate of
seedling
√Hypothesis
02=3
The height / growth rate of seedling is lower / slower in nitrogen deficiencies of
culture solution.
√Variables
√Materials
Tomato seedling/ maize seedling, calcium nitrate*, potassium nitrate*, potassium
dihydrogen phosphate*, magnesium sulphate*, iron (III) phosphate*, calcium chloride,
potassium chloride,distilled water, cotton wool, black paper
Apparatus
Glass jar , Glass tubing , L – shaped delivery tubes, Air pump, Rubber bung , Ruler
√Techniques
B1=1
Measure the height of seedling from the tip of the shoot to the root by using ruler
OR
Calculate the growth rate of seedling by using formula :
The growth rate of seedlings= The height of seedling (cm)
Time taken (days)
√Procedure
1. Three glass jars labelled A, B and C are prepared
2. In glass jar A, distilled water is fulfilled which serves as a control experiment.
3. In glass jar B, a complete culture solution is prepared using the composition of the Knop’s
16
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Skema Biology P3 17
solution as a guide.
4. In glass jar C , a culture solution deficient in nitrogen is prepared by replacing calcium nitrate
with calcium chloride and potassium nitrate is replaced by potassium chloride. .
5. Each jar is wrapped with black paper to prevent light from penetrating into the culture
solution which will cause the growth of green algae.
6. Three maize seedlings of the same height are chosen and put into each jars.
7. Keep the roots of seedlings are fully immersed in each solutions. The culture solution is
aerated using an air pump to ensure the root of the seedling obtain enough oxygen for
respiration.
8. All set of apparatus are exposed to light so the seedling are able to carry put photosynthesis
9. The culture solution in each jar is replaced every week to ensure that the nutrients which are
supposed to be available are not depleted.
10. After one month , seedling in jar A is taken out and the height of seedling is measured by
using a ruler . The growth rate of the seedling is calculated and then is recorded in a table .
(Any abnormal characteristics on the leaves are not to be observed.)
11. Step S10 is repeated with seedling in glass jar B and glass jar C are observed .
12. Record the result in a table and plot a bar chart showing the growth rate of seedlings
( cm/day) against the types of solution.
√Results
Glass Types of The height of seedling /(cm) The growth rate of B2= 1
Jar solution seedling / (cm/day)
Initial height Final height
A Distilled water
B Complete
Knop’s Solution
C Nitrogen
Deficient in
culture solution
√Conclusion
The height/ the growth rate of seedling is lower/slower in nitrogen deficiencies of culture
solution. The hypothesis is accepted.
Note:
7-9√ - 3 marks
4-6√ - 2 marks
1-3√ - 1 mark 03=3
17
17