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5.1. Consignments
The bill of lading is one of the key documents in transport services, both domestic and
international. It is a document that specifies the terms of the contract of carriage of goods.
Typically, the shipper and the carrier construct it together, which states on the reception of the
consignment for transport, and then give the sender a copy of this letter. Most often, it would
The bill of lading the shipper shall include: the name and address of the sender, his
signature and identification of the carrier facility that has the contract;
the place of destination of the consignment and the name and address of the
consignee;
specification the item, weight, number of packages, the method of packaging and
marking;
Many formalities in business activities, including the transportation, requires the action of a
paper for various reasons, which can include:
legal requirements signing the document on both sides;
requirements for long-term storage of documents;
customer habits of having a materialized form of confirmation;
is a simple form of contract that is widely recognized
The transport management decision is in the hands of the trade partners the vendorand the
buyer. Transport Management may be mixed the vendor is responsible for the transportation
of the cargo to the port for loading, and the remaining part belongs to the
In a situation when the supplier (vendor) offers their own transport solution, it has an influence
on:
export clearance;
the place of loading;
the mode of transport, the means of transport: rail, rail and road, air, inland waterway, sea,
multimodal, intermodal, combined, special (track, pad transport);
the route;
selection of subcontractors (shipper, ship owner, operator);
organization of transport to the place indicated;
the place of unloading;
the date of delivery;
cargo insurance
Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) a set of international rules that define the
conditions of sale, the use of which has been widely adopted throughout the world. These
rules share the costs and responsibilities between the buyer and the vendor, as well as reflect
the kind of transport that had been agreed on
In short, the major responsibilities and risk allocation are as follows (for all transport modes)
1. EXW (Ex Works) - from (from (enter the named place of delivery)
2. FCA (Free Carrier) delivered to the carrier (insert named place of delivery)
3. CPT (Carriage Paid to) carriage paid to (insert named place of destination)
4. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) - carriage and insurance paid to (insert named place of
destination)
6.3 International transport insurance
Insurance of goods in international transport is primarily intended for these businesses -
manufacturers and retailers, including exporters and importers that within the confines of
their activity also need to obtain or send different kinds of goods and this way are at risk
of damage during transportation
The insurance is directed both to those entrepreneurs who transport goods using their
own means and to the companies that use the services of commercial carriers