Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Wallace High School

GCSE Physics Unit 1

Module 1 - M a s s , Weight and Density

Module 2 - Kinetic Theory
Module 3 - Moments
Module 4 - Radioactivity
Module 5 - Energy
Module 6 - Force and Motion
Module 7 - Circular Motion
Module 8 - Efficiency, W o r k and Power
Module 9 - Momentum

1
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

M a s s , Density and Weight

By t h e end of t h i s section you should be able to:
1.1.10 distinguish between t h e weight and mass of an o b j e c t , knowing t h a t an
object of mass 1 kg has a weight of 10 N, and be able to calculate t h e
weight of an object when given t h e mass in kilograms using W = mg;
1.1.11 investigate experimentally t h e relationship between t h e mass and volume
of liquids, regular solids and irregular solids, and use I C T t o process t h e
data;
1.1.12 analyse and interpret t h e data gathered in 1.1.11 to derive t h e
relationship between mass and volume;
1.1.13 recall and use t h e equation
Density - mass / volume
to solve simple problems, and recall and use t h e units o f density g / c m 3

and kg/m ; 3

Weight and Mass

T h e mass of an object is defined as ^ K e . o w - i ^ o V q~ v ^ w i U r / \r\ \orrl

Your mass is measured in y ,\ory^^AT\ T h e mass of a body can be

measured using a ^v-sp p - . ^ Wa\nnr P .

Weight is a porce it is t h e pull of gravity on an object. Weight is thus

measured in r^, xsv-m?^ T h e weight of a body can be measured using a

r g i . ^ V m r y f yyg

2
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

T o investigate t h e relationship between mass and weight on E a r t h

Method

1. Hang a lOOg mass onto t h e spring balance and record i t s weight in

Newtons

2. Repeat f o r masses 200g - 800g

3. Convert mass to kilograms and plot a graph of weight (y a x i s ) against

mass in kg (x a x i s )

Mass (g) Mass (kg) Weight ( N )

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Conclusion

3
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Weight Equation

T h e following equation can be used to calculate weight

W =m g

Complete
Where W= uy=Mr-\Wr I t h e memory
triangle

9 = _gOiii^ (^\\<f^)

On E a r t h g = lON/kg, on other planets it has a d i f f e r e n t value.

Find out what g is on

Jupiter 2M K

Mercury 5.1 AQ\\CA

Moon 1.1- /OU^j

Using t h e s e values calculate t h e weight of a person of mass 60kg on

1. Earth booO

2. Mercury 2 2 2 ; 0

3
' J u p i t e r
IUUO - J

4 . Moon ICL/O

I f you were to travel to t h e Moon, you would i v> r j ^ less but your

^v^a^a would be t h e same.

Explanation:

/vwy>. \^ W > -3 ^ v-u ^ jp. ^ jWvP g.

4
 Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Mass. Weight and Gravity

Q1 Fill in the gaps:
Use these words: bodies, large, attraction, weak, strong, field, centre, newtons, weight

Gravity is the force of oHVnrY\ nr\ between yHUf^ . Between

objects on Earth, H is a i ^ -^Tk<L force, but if the mass is very
very \fl/qe. as with a planet or a star, the gravity can be very
.^r/r^ The region where a gravitational force can be felt is
often referred to as a gravitational C\f\c\ -
The Earth's gravitational field attracts every object on Earth. This gives an
object a i K ^e-idUV Weight is measured in ofx-^rcr^ ,
and always acts towards the r<rr^/e of the Earth.

"Mass and weight" are used in everyday language almost as if they were the same thing.
Draw a table with 2 columns, one headed "mass" and the other "weight".
Decide which information belongs to which column, and write them in:

^amount of matter is a force

^measured in newtons U> caused by the pull of gravity
^ measured by a balance ^ same anywhere In the universe
rv

' not a force measured in kilograms

measured by a spring balance w is lower on the moon than on Earth

Q3 a) 'A bag of flour weighs one kilogram". Mass (g) Mass (leg) Weight (NJ
Explain why this statement is not accurate. 5 O-OOS COS
10 O .ov o.t
b) Rewrite the above statement so that it is
100 \
accurate. 200 O.I. 2
c) Complete the table opposite for a range of 500 o.S
masses on Earth (g = 10 N/kg). 1000 1
5000 ~S

Q4 The strength of gravity on Earth is g= 10 N/kg. Find the weight of rocks with the following masses:

a) 5kg 6 0 0 b) 10kg *OoM c) 2.5kg 2 S M

Find the mass of rocks with the following weights on Earth:
d) 30N e) 150N )&Ce^ f) 450N +S\^

Q5 The strength of gravity on the Moon is g - /. 6 N/kg.

Find the weight of moon rocks with the following masses:
a) 5kg "5,0 W 10kg I b / J c) 2.5kg ^ K J

Find the mass of rocks with the following weights on the Moon:
d) 16N l O t g e) 80N Q D V ^ f) 960N (oC&YJ^

5
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Density

T h e density of a material can be defined as /vrrr-, p p J L>n<V \ y - L y v r

(\^^ rW*^,j fVyVprl pa/hrte."* n/p'l

I t is calculated using t h e formula:

Complete
t h e memory
triangle
Where

T h e unit of density is gjirrv-i 3

or 9\

T h e density of lead is 11 g / c m , which means t h a t a piece of lead of volume 1 cm

3 3

has a mass of 11 g. T h e r e f o r e 5 c m of lead has a mass of 5 5 g.

3

T h e density of water is \ rjrrW or \mn VjW.

I f an object is more dense than water it will -s^V .

I f an object is less dense than water it will r\ryiY

Proving l q / c m = 1 0 0 0 q / m
3 3

= O.ooVfc.
'3 3

= O-cooool rv>

1 _ ooo\
o o o o oo\

1
- loco \CgW

6
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

W o r k e d examples:

1. Taking t h e density of Mercury to be 14g/cm , find t h e

3

a ) Mass of 7 c m of Mercury
3

b) Volume of 42g of Mercury

c) Density of Mercury in kg/m . 3

2. Calculate t h e density of a cylinder of mass 5 0 g , radius 16cm and length

60cm. Give your answer in kg/m . 3

cm 1
9 - o/

0 = I.OM \CgW

Measuring Density

Regularly shaped objects

T h e mass of such an object is found using a top-pan balance and t h e volume by

measuring its dimensions with a ruler and using t h e appropriate formula.

For example:

Volume of a rectangular block = Length x Breadth x Height

Volume of a cylinder = IT x Radius x Height

2

7
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

I r r e g u l a r l y shaped objects

I f t h e shape of t h e object is too irregular f o r t h e volume to be determined

using formulae, then a displacement method is used as shown below. As b e f o r e ,

t h e mass is found using a top-pan balance.

b) eureka
thread can

f /
increase in
volume of
graduated liquid
measuring' volume of -
cylinder object

object whose volume of water

volume is to - displaced is equal
be measured to the volume ge object whose
of the object lume is to be
measured

To find volume of irregular object:

Liquids

I n t h i s method, f i r s t find out t h e mass of a dry, empty, graduated cylinder. T h e

liquid under t e s t is then poured into t h e cylinder and t h e volume measured. T h e

mass of t h e cylinder and liquid is then measured.

dry empty graduated

" measuring cylinder

graduated measuring : ,-l00cm3

cylinder with 100cm -3

of liquid under test

Ml I I II I n_ 111 it i
uu.uug uu.uug

T h e mass of t h e specified volume of a liquid is determined by subtracting t h e

mass of t h e empty cylinder f r o m t h e combined mass of cylinder and liquid. T h e

density of t h e liquid is found as b e f o r e , by dividing t h e mass of t h e liquid by i t s

volume.

8
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Specimen Question

J o h n was asked to measure t h e density of a number of rocks. He measured t h e

mass and volume of a number of each and plotted his results on a graph as shown

below.

1
A 4
Mass of 1

each rock 1 di
%9
'1 CJ
1 / B
l /

D y
E
/ i
/
i

; F
L 1 JL 1 11 1l _ l 1 11

Volume of each rock

(i) Which t h r e e rocks a r e made of t h e same material?

Explain how you used t h e graph to a r r i v e a t t h i s conclusion.

A jC j O m r.ll hrh/e ttrv* A^r^Y^

cyrA i &r\Y nf. imrY^-\Ai\w& g / n p U i<s r l n r ^ H j

nr <=ir\s^c ync\\ory 1IAP [3]

(ii) One of t h e rocks was found to have a density of 3.5g/cm . 3

W h a t would be t h e mass of t h i s rock if its volume was 4 c m ? 3

M 5 . 5 * U

Mass = \U gtt1

Physics f o r CCEA Questions 17 - 2 4 , Pages 2 4 2 5

Physics f o r You Questions 1 - 10, Page 8 4 and Questions 4 + 5, Page 148

9
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

A s s e s s e d Homework

1. Copy and complete t h e following table f o r g = lON/kg

Mass (kg) 1.0 0.1 60

Weight ( N ) 10 25 0.2
[4]

2. The strength of t h e E a r t h s gravity varies slightly over t h e E a r t h from

9.81N/kg a t t h e poles to 9 . 7 8 N / k g a t t h e equator. W h a t would t h e change in

weight of a person of mass 60kg be if t h e y went f r o m t h e equator to t h e

N o r t h pole? [6]

3. A worker in an aluminium plant taps o f f 3 0 0 c m of t h e molten metal. I t

3

weights 8100N. W h a t density of t h e aluminium? [7]

4 . An object has a volume of 2 5 0 0 c m and a density of 3 g / c m . W h a t is its

3 3

mass in grams? [3]

5. 5 0 c m of metal A weighs 43g and 5 2 c m of metal B weighs 225g. Calculate

3 3

t h e density of each metal and say whether it will float or sink in water. [8]

6. a) A rectangular concrete paving slab is 0.8m long, 0.6m wide and 0.05m

thick. Calculate its volume in m and in c m .

3 3
[4]

b) T h e mass of t h e concrete slab is 60kg. Calculate t h e density of concrete

in kg/m . 3
[3]

7. 1000cm of water of density 1000kg/m is mixed with 8 0 0 c m of brine of

3 3 3

density 1027kg/m . W h a t is t h e density of t h e mixture?

3

(Hint: find t h e total mass and total volume f i r s t ) [10]

8. Find t h e mass of 4 0 litres of petrol of density 7 2 0 k g / m if l m = 1000 litres.

3 3

[5]

Total [ 5 0 ]

10
 A s s e s s e d . H U )

J ) H C S S (ICQ) l-O O 2J> <oG OD2

lOeuDh-t LM^ ^ ^ 25 t o o O.2.

<7 fJT\
- ' - "i r
.

leqo full
 A s s e s s e d rAllo

3) m - DP 'V
5\
(O

f
- Z^oo glen-

$ Q x V

= 3> x 2 s c o

= "l-Soo o
for eqJ
1-S b
3

5) D = % D

57

- i-i . 3 2 ) g \ c r v > *

ho rvowt

feed V - XWh
^O.SxO.io x 0 . 0 5

' G.Olu, m"

c
2 U OGO cm 1 ,
(
pr on .irs

O.OUU

2 S o o Vcalm 2,
..
fc

r>0v 0
3-) r>o- D^o/^G) o <3

= \ x\ooo = \.023K8CO

= \QQQ. cx__(

= IOil \CQI~
A G = iGGOx?
? -- O . O U m 1
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Kinetic T h e o r y
By t h e end o f t h i s section you should be able t o :
1.1.14 use t h e Kinetic Theory to explain qualitatively t h e d i f f e r e n c e between
t h e densities of solids, liquids and gases;

Below a r e diagrams showing t h e arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and

gases:

Particles in a solid. Particles in a liquid. Particles in a gas.

Use t h e information in t h e diagrams and t h e table below to explain how t h e

arrangement and motion o f particles a f f e c t t h e densities o f solids, liquids and

gases

Property Solid Liquid Gas

shape keeps own shape takes shape of takes shape of
container container
volume keeps own keeps own volume takes volume of
volume container
density high to very- high medium to high low
can be compressed not at all only a little a great deal
force between strong strong weak
particles
motion of particles vibrate vibrate vibrate
fixed with respect move within liquid move anywhere
to each other volume

11
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Density o f solids ^w^w <^v-io^ IqpW , .Vlr^P,

Density o f liquids \n/ry>) &ipr\rr^ U^h^<e^ (v-i/HdP-rs

Density o f gases ? ^ r ^ p-n/hrl^

12
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Changes o f S t a t e

GAS

Melting - When a solid is heated its particles convert t h e YY^IV eneyr\ \ into

h rrv=>^n f n ^ r v i and s t a r t to vibrate more vigorously. T h i s causes t h e solid

to (^yyy-.rvH At the A A ^ h n a point, t h e particles vibrate so much

t h a t they break away f r o m t h e i r positions. I t is a t t h i s point t h e solid becomes

a liquid.

Boiling - When a liquid is supplied with heat, its particles gain more energy and

t h e r e f o r e move around quicker. T h i s increase in movement causes t h e liquid to

expand. A t t h e br\\r\c\ point t h e liquid particles gain enough energy to

overcome t h e prrce^, holding them together. T h e s e particles break away

f r o m one another and t h e liquid now become a gas.

Evaporating - Not all particles in a liquid contain t h e same amount of energy -

some have more! T h i s is why evaporation of a liquid can t a k e place below i t s

boAinQ point. T h i s is why puddles dry up on sunny days.

Condensing - When you cool a gas, t h e particles lose energy. T h i s loss in energy

causes t h e particles to move more g ^ n ^ i j as they move rir\=^=v

^-nryikp/ When t h e particles no longer have s u f f i c i e n t energy to move

away as they bump into one another t h e gas becomes a liquid.

Solidifying - When a liquid is cooled, t h e particles once more lose energy: they

m a ig less as t h e y g ^ n ^ rV> . Eventually they stop move moving,

except for vtiV^^rxhrm^, in f i x e d positions. A solid is now formed.

W h a t is Sublimation?

13
Y e a r 11 GCSE. Physics Unit 1

Specimen Question

Using t h e ideas of kinetic theory, describe and explain how solids change to

liquids and liquids change to gases.

I n t h i s question you will be a s s e s s e d on your w r i t t e n communication skills

including t h e use o f specialist science t e r m s .

V\fnY Q ^ I P ^ 4i^f?rv^ mrfc kirv^hr. em^icy^

jVnP> rr\t v=/=^ / v w P , wry lr-. yhhmhAa

-fo? syc\

rYY-ff frsfzio^ is c^uen to *tk>g \t^p*Hi /-^>rvY->^^

[6]

14
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Centre o f G r a v i t y
By t h e end of t h i s section you should be able to:
1.3.1 recall t h e meaning of centre of gravity and explain how i t s position
a f f e c t s t h e stability of an object;

T h e c e n t r e of gravity of a body can be defined as -frU^ ^r^rsV i . N U P \P

n\\ W i^jf.ioj^V npjvrvs, to odr

T h e c e n t r e of mass of a body can be defined as Av^g. r v ^he/e.

1 ^ rvcrys QpQ^o/rs -te> lr?Sr

When an object is supported a t or under i t s c e n t r e of gravity it will balance.

T h e centre of gravity of a body of t h e same density all over is a t i t s centre.

Use construction lines to find t h e c.o.g. of t h e following shapes.

Practical W o r k

Find t h e centre of gravity of t h e following o b j e c t s , describe how you know t h a t

you have found t h e centre of gravity.

1. Metre Stick - ^ rw-K/V.

2. Retort Stand - rvrv w - i P v ^ *=fr->\\ rr> i v v

15
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Finding t h e C.O.G. of an irregularly shaped lamina

Thin sheet
of card

Centre of
Gravity

Plumb line

Mass

1. S e c u r e a pin to a clamp

2. Make a small hole near t h e edge of t h e c a r d (A in t h e diagram above) and

hang t h e c a r d on to t h e pin - t h e card should be able to swing f r e e l y

3. Suspend t h e plumb line f r o m t h e pin. Put a mark ( B ) directly under t h e plumb

line

4 . Remove t h e card and draw t h e line AB

5. Make a second hole near t h e edge (C), well away f r o m A

6. Use t h e plumb line as before and mark t h e point (D) below t h e plumb line

7. Draw t h e line CD

T h e centre of gravity must be directly below t h e point A, and so somewhere

along line A B .

I t must also be directly below point C, somewhere along line CD.

But t h e only point along AB andalong CD is where t h e two lines cross - t h i s point

is t h e r e f o r e t h e centre of gravity of t h e card. T h e card should balance on your

finger at t h i s point.

16
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unitl

Stability

T h e stability of an object can be thought of in t e r m s of what angle it can be

t i l t e d through before it topples. T h e greater t h e angle, t h e g r e a t e r t h e

Stability of t h e object.

Equilibrium and S t a b i l i t y

N e u t r a l equilibrium:

T h e centre of gravity is always t h e same height above t h e point of contact with

t h e ground,

e.g. a ball rolling

Unstable equilibrium:

T h e centre of gravity is above t h e base and if rolled or pushed over its centre

of gravity will move downward,

e.g. a T V mast

S t a b l e equilibrium:

T h e centre of gravity is low to t h e ground and object has a wide base,

e.g. a car

17
Year 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

T h e nut on t h e string is stable because:

-Sr^

M__L
T h e pencil balanced on a finger is unstable

because: ^w? rg^ . .^ u fviu

staoie unstable

S t a b l e or N o t ?

(2)

For each of the cars above decide if it is stable or unstable and explain why.

i j/r^nkt^ - r o d o l - (=>A~y o f h n a p ^ r v r m > h a ^

(3) Lin-^rnk^e - roc p&^k V-tg^f ; i> u \\ -hp tm^n rnrY-

The stability of an object can be increased by:

1- \rx-ogrnr>^ r o r .

Physics f o r CCEA Questions 31 - 3 6 , Pages 33 + 3 4

Physics f o r You Questions 6 - 8 , Page 106

18
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

Moments
By t h e end of t h i s section you should be able to:
1.3.1 recall t h e meaning of c e n t r e of gravity and explain how its position
a f f e c t s t h e stability of an object;
1.3.2 recall and use t h e equation
moment = f o r c e x perpendicular distance f r o m t h e pivot
and understand t h e implications of t h i s ; and
1.3.3 understand when t h e weight of an object will have a turning e f f e c t .
1.3.4 plan and carry out experiments to v e r i f y t h e Principle of Moments
and use it to calculate t h e size of a f o r c e , or its distance f r o m t h e pivot,
when an object is balanced under t h e turning e f f e c t s of no more than
two f o r c e s , one of which could be t h e object's weight
(w - (i)a).

Levers

A lever is an example of a simple machine which helps us do work more easily. A

lever is a f o r c e multiplier, i.e. it allows us to use a small f o r c e to produce a

larger f o r c e . T h e g r e a t e r t h e distance between t h e pivot and t h e e f f o r t f o r c e ,

t h e more t h e f o r c e will be multiplied.

For each of t h e following objects mark on t h e pivot, t h e load and t h e e f f o r t

f o r c e . S t a t e t h e direction in which t h e load and e f f o r t a r e working.

19
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Moment of a F o r c e

T h e moment of a f o r c e is -ft^e. -K W M O C K t^[f<=>rV- r{ (7rre

All levers will produce a moment and they all have a pivot. T h e pivot is

-ftn-e- c y - M ^ V n,W-K3r- u U r U rh|P<^ -KJ/^S.

Moments is calculated using t h e follow equation:

Moment = f o r c e x distance f r o m t h e f o r c e to t h e pivot

Complete t h e memory triangle

Where M = Moment of f o r c e (Nm)

F = Force ( N )

d = distance from f o r c e

to pivot (m)

T h e unit of moment is t h e Newton metre (Nm)

Example:

Jonny uses a screwdriver as a lever. He pushes down with a f o r c e of 2 0 N . He

e x e r t s t h i s f o r c e 30cm from t h e pivot. W h a t is t h e turning f o r c e or moment

produced?

~ (sCO A3ov\

Physics f o r You Questions 2,3 + 5, Page 106

20
Y e a r 11 G C S E Physics Unit 1

Investigating Moments

1
Anticlockwise L
ZX 1
Clockwise
r

moment moment
Method

1. S e t up t h e apparatus as shown in t h e diagram.

2. Add weights a t t h e positions shown in t h e results table.

3. Place weights to balance t h e metre rule.

4 . Note t h e position of t h e weights in t h e table

5. Calculate t h e moments.

Right hand side L e f t hand side

(clockwise moment) (anticlockwise moment)

Moment Moment
F(N) d(cm) F(N) d(cm)
(Ncm) (Ncm)

2 20 Uo 40 Uo
1

3 40 IZO 6 2o \1JD

4 20 40
So 2

3 10 2o 1 3o 3 o

Conclusion

(i^ -

21
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

T h e Principle o f Moments s t a t e s :

1. A wheelbarrow is loaded with bricks weighing 8 0 0 N .

a ) W h a t f o r c e must a man e x e r t on t h e handles to j u s t l i f t t h e wheelbarrow

o f f t h e ground?

b) Explain how t h e wheelbarrow makes it easier to l i f t t h e load.

LOAD urn*

2. T h r e e children go to t h e park to play on t h e see-saw. T h e y don't want to

t a k e t u r n s so they all get onto t h e see-saw together as shown below. W h a t

distance from t h e pivot must t h e t h i r d person sit in order to balance t h e

see-saw? dj lm lm

" f r A ? f
650N 500N 400N

f, x d , = f^ydr -I-^->cd 3

USc>xd - Sao*i + /jcovl

22
Year 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

3. To find t h e weight of a plank of wood of length 3m t h e following

investigation was s e t up. The plank was pivoted 90cm f r o m one end and a

weight of 6 0 N was moved along t h e plank until it balanced. T h e weight ended

up 30cm from t h e end of t h e plank. Use t h i s information to calculate t h e

weight of t h e plank.

>

^c; ^
1 1
A
>
Ij

f-, x d , - PL x d i

SbOO - b O u J

= bO'O

4,

S I

InvJoV

Physics f o r CCEA Questions 2 5 - 3 0 , Pages 2 9 + 3 0

Physics f o r You Questions 1 + 4 , Page 106 and Questions 6 - 9 , Page 148

23
 Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

page Extension
101
Moments .Sheet

Moment = force x distance f r o m pivot

of a force to the force
(in Nm) (in N) (in metres)

Principle (or law) of moments: In equilibrium,

anticlockwise moments = clockwise moments

Example Answer
The diagram shows a -0.8 m In equilibrium,
side-view of a trap-door,
anticlockwise clockwise
pivoted at P.
moments moments
Its weight 50 N acts at
0.4 m
its centre. \
F x 0.8 m 50N x 0.4m
What force F is needed 50 N
F 25 N
to lift it?

Questions
For each question show all your working clearly. -0.40 m- 0.30 m -
1 1
1. In the diagrams the beams are balanced. A
Calculate the values of: d
a) weight A , \ 5 < o
b) weight B. So * 0.25 m ~*-0.20 m->-

1
A
Ltl

-0.40 m-
0.15 m
-0.25 m+~
2. For the balanced beams, calculate the
values of: A
a) weight C, ^
b) weight D. L _ , A J * 0.30 m-
-0.40 m- 0.20 m--

JN| ID 1

-0.20 m- -0.25 m-
3. Calculate the weight of the beam, W: 1 1
rjN]

4. The diagram shows a tall crane with a *-10m- -30 m-

counter-weight to balance the load.
a) Calculate die size of the counter-weight.
counier-
b) What can you say about the position of waight
the centre o f gravity of the crane?

k<3 OOOAJ

Gbooebase cp crane
24*-
 Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

More Moments
I a) What is the weight of the paving stone if its mass is 50 kg?
(taking the pull of the Earth to be 70 N/kg) b O A _ >
Paving Stone
b) If the total length of the metal bar is 2.0m, what
is the minimum force you need to apply at the
other end of the metal bar to lift the paving stone?

0.2m
2.. Look at the diagram on the right. Find the
minimum force which must be used to lift
the rock, which has a weight of 8 0 0 N .
8oo

2>. Point P marks the pivot point on the wheelbarrow.

Take moments about P to find the vertical force, F,
that needs to be applied to the handles of the
wheelbarrow to just lift it off the ground.

W=IO0ON

Sally is handing over an overdue book to a librarian. The book has a mass of 2kg.
a) Find the weight, W , of the book. 20AJ
b) Copy the diagram and draw an arrow for the vertical
force, T, needed to support the book in this position
(think carefully about where this force will be acting).
c) Calculate the moment of the book's weight about the
pivot, P. [OOO / O c m IG/OKV>

//////////////
a) Look at the diagram on the right. What's the reading on the
two spring balances if the two readings are equal? S o
b) If four spring balances were used with the same 1 Kg block,
what reading on each balance would you get if the values
are again equal? 2. S o

Find the force X to be ^ !r_ 0.2m 0.2rn

applied on the left side of
the plank to balance it. 7n 4N 6N

0.4m 0.1m 2.2m

Find the force Y to be applied on the
right side of the plank to balance it.
,AJ 20N ION

Top Tips
Lots of tedious seesaw questions, I know, but you need plenty of practice with these. When a force acts
on something which has a pivot, then you have a moment, which is a turning force making the thing
rotate about its pivot. The equation you need to learn is Moment = Force x perpendicular distance,
which makes sense if you think about pushing an open door near the hinge or near the handle.

25
Y e a r 11 GCSE Physics Unit 1

A s s e s s e d Homework

1. J i l l weights 4 2 5 N and thinks she is t h e lightest girl in her class. Dawn claims

she is lighter than J i l l . T h e y go to t h e park to find out who weights t h e

least. Dawn s i t s on t h e see-saw 2.5m f r o m t h e pivot. J i l l balances t h e see-

saw by sitting 2m from t h e pivot on t h e other side of t h e pivot.

a ) Who weights t h e least? Explain your answer. [2]

b) W h a t is Dawns weight? [5]

c ) Dawn gets o f f t h e see-saw so J o h n can sit on to balance J i l l . His weight is

4 5 0 N . How f a r from t h e fulcrum should he s i t ? [4]

2. A lOOg mass is hung f r o m t h e end of a metre rule a t t h e Ocm mark. Suzy

pivots t h e metre rule with her finger a t t h e 22cm mark.

a) W h a t is meant by t h e c e n t r e of gravity of an o b j e c t ? [1]

b) W h e r e is t h e centre of gravity of t h e metre rule? [1]

c) W h a t is t h e mass of t h e metre rule? [4]

d) W h a t is t h e weight is t h e metre rule? [4]

3. T h e diagram shows a child's mobile t h a t hangs over a bed.

12cm 8cm 7cm d

a ) W h a t direction would t h e mobile tip if t h e g i r a f f e fell o f f ?

Explain your answer. [2]

b) I f t h e lion weights 0 . 3 N , t h e hippo weights 0 . 2 N , t h e g i r a f f e weights

0 . 4 N and t h e elephant has a weight of 0 . 3 N , what is distance d? [5]

c ) T h e child wants to add a tiger to t h e mobile, where should it be hung so

t h a t t h e mobile does not tip in e i t h e r direction? Explain your answer. [2]

Total [30]

26
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