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Mining Ventilation
Fans
Mining Equipments
http://mourad.110mb.com
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Mourad Hosni
Mourad.Hosni@hotmail.com
Surface Fans:
Basic Principles:
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The casing also collects the air or gas which exits the outer
circumference of the impeller. It then allows it to expand to
reduce the velocity of the flow and convert kinetic energy into
useful static pressure, then guides it out through the discharge
flange of the casing.
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Axial Fans
Basic Principles
A common example of an axial fan is a typical desk fan. The name "axial"
comes from the fact that the air passing through the fan does not
change direction and flows parallel to the fan axis. An axial fan is
normally used when the flow requirements are high and the pressure
demand is low.
Axial fan blades are generally aerofoil in cross-section. The blade can be
fixed in position or it can rotate around its longitudinal axis. The angle of
the blade to the airflow, or blade pitch, can be fixed or adjustable.
Changing the blade angle, or pitch, is one of the major advantages of an
axial fan. Small blade pitch angles produce lower flows while increasing
the pitch produces higher flow.
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As the name suggests the mixed flow (or axial impulse) fan combines
features of an axial and a centrifugal fan, although it looks more like the
conventional axial machine.
Curved plate blades are welded to a conical steel hub. Flow is varied by
changing the angle of vanes in the inlet casing just upstream of the
impeller.
The casing may have an open inlet, but more commonly it will have a
right angled bend to allow the motor to sit outside the ductwork. The
discharge casing gently expands to slow down the air or gas flow and
convert kinetic energy into useful static pressure.
The larger machines, of the type shown below, can be used for as boiler
draught fans in power stations.
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At its heart, the variable pitch axial fan has a sophisticated hub which
carries the blades. Each blade is connected to a spindle, which is rotated
by a lever. A servo-controlled hydraulic cylinder moves all the levers
simultaneously while the fan impeller is rotating. This varies the output
of the fan.
The casing may have an open inlet, but more commonly it will have a
right angled bend to allow the motor to sit outside the ductwork. The
discharge casing gently expands to slow down the air or gas flow and
convert kinetic energy into useful static pressure.
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Jet Fans
Jet fans are commonly used in relatively short road tunnels. They impart
a high velocity to some of the air in the tunnel which then gradually
mixes with the remaining air moving it along the tunnel length in the
same direction as the traffic flow.
The fan impeller is mounted directly on the electric motor shaft. To meet
environmental noise regulations, the fans are usually fitted with simple
tubular silencers on either side of the fan as shown in the diagram
below.
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The following are three basic fan laws showing relationship between the
speed (N in rpm) of the fan to flow-rate (Q in M3/sec. or CFM), change in
the total pressure ( D P in Kg/Cm2 or psi ) & the shaft power (P in kW or
HP) required for driving the fan:
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References:
http://www.howden.com/en/Library/HowThingsWork/Centrifu
galFans/default.htm
http://www.howden.com/en/Library/HowThingsWork/AxialFa
ns/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation
http://www.tifac.org.in/index.php?option=com_content&view
=article&id=547:energy-efficient-frp-axial-flow-fans-
&catid=85:publications&Itemid=569
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