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DATE OF SUBMISSION:20/04/2017.
GROUP C.
SECTION A:MICRO-ORGANISMS GROWTH KINETICS.
1.Given the following experimental data obtained from a batch biomass growth experiment
.Determine the specific growth rate. What was the biomass concentration at the start of the
experimental growth curve.
SOLUTION.
8.5
8.45
BIOMASS CONCENTRATION(mg/l)
8.4
8.35
8.3
8.25 LnX(mg/l)
Expon. (LnX(mg/l))
8.2
8.15
8.1
8.05
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
TIME(hr)
8.03
Y intercept =8.03 Xo(Biomass concentration at the beginning of growth phase)=e =3071mg/l.
47863071
= = = 222.727hr-1.
7.70
2.Different initial concentrations of COD ,gave maximum biomass concentration in a batch
reactor as given below.
Solution.
4600
4400
4200
Xmax(mg/l)
4000
3800 X(mg/l)
Linear (X(mg/l))
3600
3400
3200
3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
COD(mg/l)
4000 3080
= = = 0.5111.
1800 0
3.A continuous culture growth experiment was conducted in a completely mixed reactor. The
following experimental data was obtained.
SOLUTION.
0.6
Specific Growth rate(hr-1)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Substrate concentration(mg/L)
With the data values given max corresponds to 0.66,1/2max=0.33 this corresponds to a
concentration of 0.5mg/l(also the saturation constant)
However the substrate is not limiting as the curve does not level off from the recorded values of
.
SECTION B.SEWARAGE CONVEYANCE.
1.Determine the average velocity in a trunk sewer made of concrete (n=0.015) of 1500 mm
diameter laid on a slope of 1%. The peak discharge through the pipe is estimated to be 4m3/s.
Solution.
D=pipe diameter d=flow depth. =Angle in radians subtended by water surface at the centre.
= .
2 1
3.142 2 2 2
={ + }. = 3 2 = 2 (2 ) = 4 (1 +
4 8 8
2)
Substituting values.
2
1
3.1421.52 1.52 1.52 1 1.5 3
4={ + } 0.015 { 4 (1 + 2) } 0.012
4 8 8
2
3
4.10252 = {2 + } {(1 + ) }
2
= 2.784 4.1018 .
3.1421.52 2 2.784 1.52 2.784
Substituting this value: = { + }
4 8 8
= 1.08262.
4
= = = 3.694
1.0826
2. Determine the size and slope of a main sewer pipe to serve a residential population an urban
Centre currently at 20,000 but expected to reach 35,000 during the design period in Kenya. The
general ground slope of the area is 0.001. A minimum earth cover of 1.5m is required. State any
assumptions made and ensure the necessary sewer conditions are met.
Solution
Assumptions.
1.Area is a small district with no current industrial development and none is forecasted in the
future.
3.Sewer length is assumed to be 1km (1000m) and an infiltration allowance of 100m3 /d/km.
5.5 5.5
= 0.18 = 0.18 = 2.9
35000
(1000) ( 1000 )
= +
= ( )
0.8 150 35000 0.04863
= = .
86400 1000
0.04863 0.1413
= = 2.9 = .
100 0.00123
= = .
86400
0.14223
= 0.141 + 0.0012 = .
2c.Sewarage parameter estimation for future population.
2
1 2 3 1 8
0.1422 = ( ) 0.001(2) = 0.7581 3
0.013 4 4
= 0.534 534.
8
= 0.7581 0.553 = 0.1539
0.1422
= = 0.92 = 0.75 ()
0.1539
8 1
= 23.975 0.553 (0.002)2 = 0.2177
0.1422
= = 0.65 = 0.6()
0.2177
0.2177 0.916
= = .
0.2376
= 1.15, = 1.15 0.916
= 1.0534/( )
2 0.03243
= 0.0486 = .
3
0.0324
= = 0.15 = 0.25, = 0.68
0.2177
550 0.002.
SECTION C:ORGANIC MATTER QUANTIFICATION
1. A river receives a discharge with the characteristics given below. Determine the critical DO
and
the distance downstream of discharge point.
SOLUTION.
At 20C,Base 10.
= +
2.3
0.1
= 0.112 + 2.33.7 0.2 = 0.11435..
At 25C
From now on in this literature:Subscript r is used to denote river parameters and w to denote
waste/effluent parameters.
103
86400
= =
129.6 103 3
= =
86400 0.5
820.8 103 190
= = .
86400 0.05
0.5 3 + 0.05 190 11 20
= = = = .
+ 0.5 + 0.05 0.55
1 [1 ( )]
= { }
= 5.186720.38531 = 4.94.
5.Critical deficit.
0.2964 13.23
= () = 20 (0.2964 4.94) =
0.1036
4.93
= 8.3 13.23 = . ( . )
7.Distance to critical point.
the river, determine if the river DO reduces below 5mg/l at any point downstream of the
discharge point.
Solution.
3
= 7.8 4.81 = .
2.Dertemining Lo(Initial Ultimate load after mixing).
1 [1 ( )]
= { }
0.2
= () = 6.88(0.2 0.89) = 3.11/
0.37
5.Minimum dissolved oxygen.
Reference.